qcow2: Don't rely on free_cluster_index in alloc_refcount_block() (CVE-2014-0147)

free_cluster_index is only correct if update_refcount() was called from
an allocation function, and even there it's brittle because it's used to
protect unfinished allocations which still have a refcount of 0 - if it
moves in the wrong place, the unfinished allocation can be corrupted.

So not using it any more seems to be a good idea. Instead, use the
first requested cluster to do the calculations. Return -EAGAIN if
unfinished allocations could become invalid and let the caller restart
its search for some free clusters.

The context of creating a snapsnot is one situation where
update_refcount() is called outside of a cluster allocation. For this
case, the change fixes a buffer overflow if a cluster is referenced in
an L2 table that cannot be represented by an existing refcount block.
(new_table[refcount_table_index] was out of bounds)

[Bump the qemu-iotests 026 refblock_alloc.write leak count from 10 to
11.
--Stefan]

Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Max Reitz <mreitz@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
(cherry picked from commit b106ad9185)
[AF: BNC#870439; dropped QCOW2_DISCARD_NEVER argument to
     qcow2_free_clusters() and update_refcount(), dropped iotests]
Signed-off-by: Andreas Färber <afaerber@suse.de>

block/qcow2-refcount.c

@@ -191,10 +191,11 @@ static int alloc_refcount_block(BlockDriverState *bs,
      *   they can describe them themselves.
      *
      * - We need to consider that at this point we are inside update_refcounts
-     *   and doing the initial refcount increase. This means that some clusters
+     *   and potentially doing an initial refcount increase. This means that
-     *   have already been allocated by the caller, but their refcount isn't
+     *   some clusters have already been allocated by the caller, but their
-     *   accurate yet. free_cluster_index tells us where this allocation ends
+     *   refcount isn't accurate yet. If we allocate clusters for metadata, we
-     *   as long as we don't overwrite it by freeing clusters.
+     *   need to return -EAGAIN to signal the caller that it needs to restart
+     *   the search for free clusters.
      *
      * - alloc_clusters_noref and qcow2_free_clusters may load a different
      *   refcount block into the cache
@@ -278,7 +279,10 @@ static int alloc_refcount_block(BlockDriverState *bs,
         }
 
         s->refcount_table[refcount_table_index] = new_block;
-        return 0;
+
+        /* The new refcount block may be where the caller intended to put its
+         * data, so let it restart the search. */
+        return -EAGAIN;
     }
 
     ret = qcow2_cache_put(bs, s->refcount_block_cache, (void**) refcount_block);
@@ -301,8 +305,7 @@ static int alloc_refcount_block(BlockDriverState *bs,
 
     /* Calculate the number of refcount blocks needed so far */
     uint64_t refcount_block_clusters = 1 << (s->cluster_bits - REFCOUNT_SHIFT);
-    uint64_t blocks_used = (s->free_cluster_index +
+    uint64_t blocks_used = DIV_ROUND_UP(cluster_index, refcount_block_clusters);
-        refcount_block_clusters - 1) / refcount_block_clusters;
 
     /* And now we need at least one block more for the new metadata */
     uint64_t table_size = next_refcount_table_size(s, blocks_used + 1);
@@ -335,8 +338,6 @@ static int alloc_refcount_block(BlockDriverState *bs,
     uint16_t *new_blocks = g_malloc0(blocks_clusters * s->cluster_size);
     uint64_t *new_table = g_malloc0(table_size * sizeof(uint64_t));
 
-    assert(meta_offset >= (s->free_cluster_index * s->cluster_size));
-
     /* Fill the new refcount table */
     memcpy(new_table, s->refcount_table,
         s->refcount_table_size * sizeof(uint64_t));
@@ -399,17 +400,18 @@ static int alloc_refcount_block(BlockDriverState *bs,
     s->refcount_table_size = table_size;
     s->refcount_table_offset = table_offset;
 
-    /* Free old table. Remember, we must not change free_cluster_index */
+    /* Free old table. */
-    uint64_t old_free_cluster_index = s->free_cluster_index;
     qcow2_free_clusters(bs, old_table_offset, old_table_size * sizeof(uint64_t));
-    s->free_cluster_index = old_free_cluster_index;
 
     ret = load_refcount_block(bs, new_block, (void**) refcount_block);
     if (ret < 0) {
         return ret;
     }
 
-    return 0;
+    /* If we were trying to do the initial refcount update for some cluster
+     * allocation, we might have used the same clusters to store newly
+     * allocated metadata. Make the caller search some new space. */
+    return -EAGAIN;
 
 fail_table:
     g_free(new_table);
@@ -578,12 +580,15 @@ int64_t qcow2_alloc_clusters(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t size)
     int ret;
 
     BLKDBG_EVENT(bs->file, BLKDBG_CLUSTER_ALLOC);
+    do {
         offset = alloc_clusters_noref(bs, size);
         if (offset < 0) {
             return offset;
         }
 
         ret = update_refcount(bs, offset, size, 1);
+    } while (ret == -EAGAIN);
+
     if (ret < 0) {
         return ret;
     }
@@ -596,9 +601,9 @@ int qcow2_alloc_clusters_at(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t offset,
 {
     BDRVQcowState *s = bs->opaque;
     uint64_t cluster_index;
-    uint64_t old_free_cluster_index;
     int i, refcount, ret;
 
+    do {
         /* Check how many clusters there are free */
         cluster_index = offset >> s->cluster_bits;
         for(i = 0; i < nb_clusters; i++) {
@@ -612,16 +617,13 @@ int qcow2_alloc_clusters_at(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t offset,
         }
 
         /* And then allocate them */
-    old_free_cluster_index = s->free_cluster_index;
-    s->free_cluster_index = cluster_index + i;
-
         ret = update_refcount(bs, offset, i << s->cluster_bits, 1);
+    } while (ret == -EAGAIN);
+
     if (ret < 0) {
         return ret;
     }
 
-    s->free_cluster_index = old_free_cluster_index;
-
     return i;
 }
 

block/qcow2.c

@@ -1301,7 +1301,7 @@ static int qcow2_create2(const char *filename, int64_t total_size,
      */
     BlockDriverState* bs;
     QCowHeader header;
-    uint8_t* refcount_table;
+    uint64_t* refcount_table;
     int ret;
 
     ret = bdrv_create_file(filename, options);
@@ -1343,9 +1343,10 @@ static int qcow2_create2(const char *filename, int64_t total_size,
         goto out;
     }
 
-    /* Write an empty refcount table */
+    /* Write a refcount table with one refcount block */
-    refcount_table = g_malloc0(cluster_size);
+    refcount_table = g_malloc0(2 * cluster_size);
-    ret = bdrv_pwrite(bs, cluster_size, refcount_table, cluster_size);
+    refcount_table[0] = cpu_to_be64(2 * cluster_size);
+    ret = bdrv_pwrite(bs, cluster_size, refcount_table, 2 * cluster_size);
     g_free(refcount_table);
 
     if (ret < 0) {
@@ -1367,7 +1368,7 @@ static int qcow2_create2(const char *filename, int64_t total_size,
         goto out;
     }
 
-    ret = qcow2_alloc_clusters(bs, 2 * cluster_size);
+    ret = qcow2_alloc_clusters(bs, 3 * cluster_size);
     if (ret < 0) {
         goto out;
 

tests/qemu-iotests/026.out

@@ -487,7 +487,7 @@ Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=1073741824
 Event: refblock_alloc.write_blocks; errno: 28; imm: off; once: off; write 
 write failed: No space left on device
 
-10 leaked clusters were found on the image.
+11 leaked clusters were found on the image.
 This means waste of disk space, but no harm to data.
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=1073741824 
 
@@ -511,7 +511,7 @@ Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=1073741824
 Event: refblock_alloc.write_table; errno: 28; imm: off; once: off; write 
 write failed: No space left on device
 
-10 leaked clusters were found on the image.
+11 leaked clusters were found on the image.
 This means waste of disk space, but no harm to data.
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=1073741824 
 
@@ -535,7 +535,7 @@ Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=1073741824
 Event: refblock_alloc.switch_table; errno: 28; imm: off; once: off; write 
 write failed: No space left on device
 
-10 leaked clusters were found on the image.
+11 leaked clusters were found on the image.
 This means waste of disk space, but no harm to data.
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=1073741824