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docs: Move the GOption SECTION
Move the content to the new goption.md file. Helps: #3037
This commit is contained in:
Matthias Clasen
Philip Withnall
parent
8b9c4cfb87
commit
ab066d4856
@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ content_files = [
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"testing.md",
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"threads.md",
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"markup.md",
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"goption.md",
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]
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content_images = [
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"file-name-encodings.png",
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149
docs/reference/glib/goption.md
Normal file
149
docs/reference/glib/goption.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
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Title: Commandline option parser
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# Commandline option parser
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The GOption commandline parser is intended to be a simpler replacement
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for the popt library. It supports short and long commandline options,
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as shown in the following example:
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testtreemodel -r 1 --max-size 20 --rand --display=:1.0 -vb -- file1 file2
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The example demonstrates a number of features of the GOption commandline parser:
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- Options can be single letters, prefixed by a single dash.
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- Multiple short options can be grouped behind a single dash.
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- Long options are prefixed by two consecutive dashes.
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- Options can have an extra argument, which can be a number, a string or
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a filename. For long options, the extra argument can be appended with
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an equals sign after the option name, which is useful if the extra
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argument starts with a dash, which would otherwise cause it to be
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interpreted as another option.
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- Non-option arguments are returned to the application as rest arguments.
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- An argument consisting solely of two dashes turns off further parsing,
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any remaining arguments (even those starting with a dash) are returned
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to the application as rest arguments.
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Another important feature of GOption is that it can automatically
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generate nicely formatted help output. Unless it is explicitly turned
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off with [method@GLib.OptionContext.set_help_enabled], GOption will recognize
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the `--help`, `-?`, `--help-all` and `--help-groupname` options (where `groupname`
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is the name of a [struct@GLib.OptionGroup]) and write a text similar to the one shown
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in the following example to stdout.
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Usage:
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testtreemodel [OPTION...] - test tree model performance
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Help Options:
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-h, --help Show help options
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--help-all Show all help options
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--help-gtk Show GTK Options
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Application Options:
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-r, --repeats=N Average over N repetitions
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-m, --max-size=M Test up to 2^M items
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--display=DISPLAY X display to use
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-v, --verbose Be verbose
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-b, --beep Beep when done
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--rand Randomize the data
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GOption groups options in [struct@GLib.OptionGroup]s, which makes it easy to
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incorporate options from multiple sources. The intended use for this is
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to let applications collect option groups from the libraries it uses,
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add them to their #GOptionContext, and parse all options by a single call
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to [method@GLib.OptionContext.parse].
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If an option is declared to be of type string or filename, GOption takes
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care of converting it to the right encoding; strings are returned in UTF-8,
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filenames are returned in the GLib filename encoding. Note that this only
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works if `setlocale()` has been called before [method@GLib.OptionContext.parse]
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Here is a complete example of setting up GOption to parse the example
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commandline above and produce the example help output.
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```c
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static gint repeats = 2;
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static gint max_size = 8;
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static gboolean verbose = FALSE;
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static gboolean beep = FALSE;
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static gboolean randomize = FALSE;
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static GOptionEntry entries[] =
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{
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{ "repeats", 'r', 0, G_OPTION_ARG_INT, &repeats, "Average over N repetitions", "N" },
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{ "max-size", 'm', 0, G_OPTION_ARG_INT, &max_size, "Test up to 2^M items", "M" },
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{ "verbose", 'v', 0, G_OPTION_ARG_NONE, &verbose, "Be verbose", NULL },
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{ "beep", 'b', 0, G_OPTION_ARG_NONE, &beep, "Beep when done", NULL },
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{ "rand", 0, 0, G_OPTION_ARG_NONE, &randomize, "Randomize the data", NULL },
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G_OPTION_ENTRY_NULL
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};
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int
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main (int argc, char *argv[])
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{
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GError *error = NULL;
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GOptionContext *context;
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context = g_option_context_new ("- test tree model performance");
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g_option_context_add_main_entries (context, entries, GETTEXT_PACKAGE);
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g_option_context_add_group (context, gtk_get_option_group (TRUE));
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if (!g_option_context_parse (context, &argc, &argv, &error))
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{
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g_print ("option parsing failed: %s\n", error->message);
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exit (1);
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}
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...
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}
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```
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On UNIX systems, the argv that is passed to `main()` has no particular
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encoding, even to the extent that different parts of it may have different
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encodings. In general, normal arguments and flags will be in the current
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locale and filenames should be considered to be opaque byte strings.
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Proper use of `G_OPTION_ARG_FILENAME` vs `G_OPTION_ARG_STRING` is
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therefore important.
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Note that on Windows, filenames do have an encoding, but using
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[struct@GLib.OptionContext] with the argv as passed to `main()` will result
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in a program that can only accept commandline arguments with characters
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from the system codepage.This can cause problems when attempting to
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deal with filenames containing Unicode characters that fall outside
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of the codepage.
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A solution to this is to use `g_win32_get_command_line()` and
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[method@GLib.OptionContext.parse_strv] which will properly handle full
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Unicode filenames. If you are using #GApplication, this is done
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automatically for you.
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The following example shows how you can use #GOptionContext directly
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in order to correctly deal with Unicode filenames on Windows:
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```c
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int
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main (int argc, char **argv)
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{
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GError *error = NULL;
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GOptionContext *context;
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gchar **args;
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#ifdef G_OS_WIN32
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args = g_win32_get_command_line ();
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#else
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args = g_strdupv (argv);
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#endif
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// set up context
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if (!g_option_context_parse_strv (context, &args, &error))
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{
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// error happened
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}
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...
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g_strfreev (args);
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...
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}
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```
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@ -161,6 +161,7 @@ expand_content_files = [
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'testing.md',
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'threads.md',
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'markup.md',
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'goption.md',
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]
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glib_gir = meson.current_source_dir() / 'GLib-2.0.gir'
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160
glib/goption.c
160
glib/goption.c
@ -19,166 +19,6 @@
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* along with this library; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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*/
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/**
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* SECTION:goptioncontext
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* @Short_description: parses commandline options
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* @Title: Commandline option parser
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*
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* The GOption commandline parser is intended to be a simpler replacement
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* for the popt library. It supports short and long commandline options,
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* as shown in the following example:
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*
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* `testtreemodel -r 1 --max-size 20 --rand --display=:1.0 -vb -- file1 file2`
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*
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* The example demonstrates a number of features of the GOption
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* commandline parser:
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*
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* - Options can be single letters, prefixed by a single dash.
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*
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* - Multiple short options can be grouped behind a single dash.
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*
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* - Long options are prefixed by two consecutive dashes.
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*
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* - Options can have an extra argument, which can be a number, a string or
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* a filename. For long options, the extra argument can be appended with
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* an equals sign after the option name, which is useful if the extra
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* argument starts with a dash, which would otherwise cause it to be
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* interpreted as another option.
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*
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* - Non-option arguments are returned to the application as rest arguments.
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*
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* - An argument consisting solely of two dashes turns off further parsing,
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* any remaining arguments (even those starting with a dash) are returned
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* to the application as rest arguments.
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*
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* Another important feature of GOption is that it can automatically
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* generate nicely formatted help output. Unless it is explicitly turned
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* off with g_option_context_set_help_enabled(), GOption will recognize
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* the `--help`, `-?`, `--help-all` and `--help-groupname` options
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* (where `groupname` is the name of a #GOptionGroup) and write a text
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* similar to the one shown in the following example to stdout.
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*
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* |[
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* Usage:
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* testtreemodel [OPTION...] - test tree model performance
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*
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* Help Options:
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* -h, --help Show help options
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* --help-all Show all help options
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* --help-gtk Show GTK Options
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*
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* Application Options:
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* -r, --repeats=N Average over N repetitions
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* -m, --max-size=M Test up to 2^M items
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* --display=DISPLAY X display to use
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* -v, --verbose Be verbose
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* -b, --beep Beep when done
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* --rand Randomize the data
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* ]|
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*
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* GOption groups options in #GOptionGroups, which makes it easy to
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* incorporate options from multiple sources. The intended use for this is
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* to let applications collect option groups from the libraries it uses,
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* add them to their #GOptionContext, and parse all options by a single call
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* to g_option_context_parse(). See gtk_get_option_group() for an example.
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*
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* If an option is declared to be of type string or filename, GOption takes
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* care of converting it to the right encoding; strings are returned in
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* UTF-8, filenames are returned in the GLib filename encoding. Note that
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* this only works if setlocale() has been called before
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* g_option_context_parse().
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*
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* Here is a complete example of setting up GOption to parse the example
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* commandline above and produce the example help output.
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* |[<!-- language="C" -->
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* static gint repeats = 2;
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* static gint max_size = 8;
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* static gboolean verbose = FALSE;
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* static gboolean beep = FALSE;
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* static gboolean randomize = FALSE;
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*
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* static GOptionEntry entries[] =
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* {
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* { "repeats", 'r', 0, G_OPTION_ARG_INT, &repeats, "Average over N repetitions", "N" },
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* { "max-size", 'm', 0, G_OPTION_ARG_INT, &max_size, "Test up to 2^M items", "M" },
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* { "verbose", 'v', 0, G_OPTION_ARG_NONE, &verbose, "Be verbose", NULL },
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* { "beep", 'b', 0, G_OPTION_ARG_NONE, &beep, "Beep when done", NULL },
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* { "rand", 0, 0, G_OPTION_ARG_NONE, &randomize, "Randomize the data", NULL },
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* G_OPTION_ENTRY_NULL
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* };
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*
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* int
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* main (int argc, char *argv[])
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* {
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* GError *error = NULL;
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* GOptionContext *context;
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*
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* context = g_option_context_new ("- test tree model performance");
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* g_option_context_add_main_entries (context, entries, GETTEXT_PACKAGE);
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* g_option_context_add_group (context, gtk_get_option_group (TRUE));
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* if (!g_option_context_parse (context, &argc, &argv, &error))
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* {
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* g_print ("option parsing failed: %s\n", error->message);
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* exit (1);
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* }
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*
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* ...
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*
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* }
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* ]|
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*
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* On UNIX systems, the argv that is passed to main() has no particular
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* encoding, even to the extent that different parts of it may have
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* different encodings. In general, normal arguments and flags will be
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* in the current locale and filenames should be considered to be opaque
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* byte strings. Proper use of %G_OPTION_ARG_FILENAME vs
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* %G_OPTION_ARG_STRING is therefore important.
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*
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* Note that on Windows, filenames do have an encoding, but using
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* #GOptionContext with the argv as passed to main() will result in a
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* program that can only accept commandline arguments with characters
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* from the system codepage. This can cause problems when attempting to
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* deal with filenames containing Unicode characters that fall outside
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* of the codepage.
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*
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* A solution to this is to use g_win32_get_command_line() and
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* g_option_context_parse_strv() which will properly handle full Unicode
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* filenames. If you are using #GApplication, this is done
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* automatically for you.
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*
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* The following example shows how you can use #GOptionContext directly
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* in order to correctly deal with Unicode filenames on Windows:
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*
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* |[<!-- language="C" -->
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* int
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* main (int argc, char **argv)
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* {
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* GError *error = NULL;
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* GOptionContext *context;
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* gchar **args;
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*
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* #ifdef G_OS_WIN32
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* args = g_win32_get_command_line ();
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* #else
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* args = g_strdupv (argv);
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* #endif
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*
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* // set up context
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*
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* if (!g_option_context_parse_strv (context, &args, &error))
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* {
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* // error happened
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* }
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*
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* ...
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*
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* g_strfreev (args);
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*
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* ...
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* }
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* ]|
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*/
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#include "config.h"
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#include <string.h>
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