glib/README.win32

General
=======

For more information about the port or GLib, GTk+ and the GIMP to
native Windows, and pre-built binary packages, see
http://www.iki.fi/tml/gimp/win32/ . "Native" means that we use the
Win32 API only, and not any POSIX operating system emulation layer
except that provided by the Microsoft runtime C library. Additionally,
a pthreads emulation library is used.

To build GLib on Win32, you can use either the Microsoft compiler and
tools, or gcc. Both the compiler from MSVC 5.0 and from MSVC 6.0 have
been used successfully. With gcc I mean gcc-2.95 or gcc-2.95.2 as
distributed by Mumit Khan, either as a mingw version (preferred), or
running under cygwin. To successfully use gcc, follow the instructions
below. We want to use gcc -mno-cygwin, i.e. produce executables (.exe
and .dll files) that do *not* require the cygwin runtime library. This
is called "mingw".

To test the GLib functions, go to the tests subdirectory and enter
`nmake -f makefile.msc check` or `make -f makefile.mingw check`.

If you would want to use the cygwin tools to generate executables that
*do* use the cygwin runtime, the normal Unix configuration method
should work as if on Unix. But it won't produce DLLs. At least I
haven't succeeded in that.

With a little work, it might be possible to use the ./configure
mechanism also with a "mingw32" configuration.

The following preprocessor macro are used for conditional compilation
related to Win32:

- G_OS_WIN32 is defined when compiling for Win32, *and* without
  any POSIX emulation, other that to the extent provided by the
  bundled Microsoft C library (msvcrt.dll) and the pthreads-win32
  library. For instance, pathnames are in the native Windows syntax.

- _WIN32 is defined by the compiler

The Win32 port uses the combination with both of those on. As
G_OS_WIN32 is defined in glibconfig.h, it is available to all source
files that use GLib (or GTk+, which uses GLib).

Additionally, there are the compiler-specific macros:
- _MSC_VER is defined when using the Microsoft compiler
- __GNUC__ is defined when using GCC

Some of the usage of these macros used to be a bit mixed up, and had
to be straightened out when adding the gcc support. In particular, I
used to check for _MSC_VER in some places where I really wanted to
check for the Microsoft C library, and those checks has now been
changed to G_OS_WIN32.

G_OS_WIN32 implies using the Microsoft C runtime MSVCRT.DLL.

Building software that use GLib or GTk+
=======================================

Unfortunately, even building software that just *use* GLib or GTk+
also require to have the right compiler set up the right way, so if
you intend to use gcc, follow the relevant instructions below in that
case, too.

Pthreads library
================

Before building you must get the pthreads library for Win32 from
http://sourceware.cygnus.com/pthreads-win32/. The pthreads-win32
snapshot from 1999-05-30 is the one that should be used. Edit the
location of the pthreads library and include files in makefile.msc or
makefile.mingw. The pthreads distribution includes the precompiled dll
and import libraries both for MSVC and gcc.

The pthreads for Win32 package that the thread support uses supposedly
isn't quite ready yet, and thus threads stuff should not be relied
upon for anything serious.

Where are the makefiles?
========================

If you are building from a CVS snapshot, you will not have any
makefile.msc or makefile.mingw file. You should copy the
corresponding makefile.msc.in or makefile.mingw.in file to that name,
and edit the line that sets GLIB_VER to the correct version number.

This is done automatically when an official distribution package is
built.

Building with MSVC
==================

If using the Microsoft toolchain, build with `nmake -f
makefile.msc`. Install with `nmake -f makefile.msc install`. 

Building with gcc
=================

I use the latest and greatest gcc, gcc-2.95.2. 2.95 will also work.
Earlier version might, but you are on your own.

You can either use gcc running on cygwin, or the "pure" mingw
gcc. Using the latter is much easier. Just fetch the latest version of
gcc for mingw and the msvcrt runtime, currently from
ftp://ftp.nanotech.wisc.edu/pub/khan/gnu-win32/mingw32/snapshots/gcc-2.95.2-1/
. Download the three zip archives: the gcc-<version>-msvcrt,
mingw-msvcrt-<timestamp> and binutils-<timestamp>-msvcrt, and unpack
them in a suitable directory. Set up your PATH so that the gcc from
the bin directory that got created above is the one that gets
used. You can skip steps 1--5 below. Even if you run the mingw gcc,
you still want to have cygwin to run make in.

If you want to run a cygwin-based gcc, it gets much more
complicated. We still want gcc to produce code that does not use
cygwin, but the msvcrt runtime. Read the below instruction carefully
and understand them. If you don't understand or can't follow the
instructions, you probably shouldn't want to build GLib (or GTk+ or
GIMP) yourself anyway.

0) Get and install Cygwin B20.1.

   Move the include files and libraries included in Cygwin out of the
   way not to mix things up... (For example, rename
   /cygnus/cygwin-b20/H-i586-cygwin32/i586-cygwin32/lib to
   lib-no-thanks and rename
   /cygnus/cygwin-b20/H-i586-cygwin32/i586-cygwin32/include to
   include-no-thanks.

1) Get gcc 2.95.2 built for Cygwin B20.1 from 
   ftp://ftp.xraylith.wisc.edu/pub/khan/gnu-win32/cygwin/gcc-2.95.2/gcc-2.95.2-cygb20.tar.gz

   Install it somewhere, let's say G:\gcc-2.95.2 (//g/gcc-2.95.2 when
   in Cygwin). Add //g/gcc-2.95.2/H-i586-cygwin32/bin to your
   PATH. I assume you use bash below.

   Replace the specs file in
   //g/gcc-2.95.2/H-i586-cygwin32/lib/gcc-lib/i586-cygwin32/2.95.2/specs
   with the following. (The changes are: Define __MSVCRT__, replace
   the "1" versions of the crt files with the "2" ones, replace crtdll
   with msvcrt. Also, extra whitespace squished. )

================ cut here ================
*asm:


*asm_final:


*cpp:
-remap %(cpp_cpu) %{posix:-D_POSIX_SOURCE} %{!mno-cygwin:-D__CYGWIN32__ -D__CYGWIN__} %{mno-cygwin:-iwithprefixbefore ../../../../%(mingw_include_path)/include/mingw32 -D__MSVCRT__ -D__MINGW32__=0.2}

*cc1:
%(cc1_spec) 

*cc1plus:


*endfile:


*link:
%{mwindows:--subsystem windows} %{mconsole:--subsystem console} %{mdll:--dll -e _DllMainCRTStartup@12}

*lib:
%{pg:-lgmon} %{!mno-cygwin:-lcygwin} %{mno-cygwin:-lmingw32 -lmoldname -lmsvcrt} %{mwindows:-lgdi32 -lcomdlg32} -luser32 -lkernel32 -ladvapi32 -lshell32

*libgcc:
-lgcc

*startfile:
%{mdll: %{mno-cygwin:dllcrt2%O%s}} %{!mdll: %{!mno-cygwin:crt0%O%s} %{mno-cygwin:crt2%O%s} %{pg: %{!mno-cygwin:gcrt0%O%s} %{mno-cygwin:gcrt2%O%s}}}

*switches_need_spaces:


*signed_char:
%{funsigned-char:-D__CHAR_UNSIGNED__}

*predefines:
-Di386 -D_WIN32 -DWINNT -D_X86_=1 -D__STDC__=1 -D__stdcall=__attribute__((__stdcall__)) -D__cdecl=__attribute__((__cdecl__)) -D__declspec(x)=__attribute__((x)) -Asystem(winnt) -Acpu(i386) -Amachine(i386)

*cross_compile:
0

*version:
2.95.2

*multilib:
. !mno-cygwin;mingw32 mno-cygwin;;

*multilib_defaults:


*multilib_extra:


*multilib_matches:
mno-cygwin mno-cygwin;

*linker:
collect2

*cpp_486:
%{!ansi:-Di486} -D__i486 -D__i486__

*cpp_586:
%{!ansi:-Di586 -Dpentium} -D__i586 -D__i586__ -D__pentium -D__pentium__

*cpp_k6:
%{!ansi:-Di586 -Dk6} -D__i586 -D__i586__ -D__k6 -D__k6__

*cpp_686:
%{!ansi:-Di686 -Dpentiumpro} -D__i686 -D__i686__ -D__pentiumpro -D__pentiumpro__

*cpp_cpu_default:
%(cpp_586)

*cpp_cpu:
-Acpu(i386) -Amachine(i386) %{!ansi:-Di386} -D__i386 -D__i386__ %{mcpu=i486:%(cpp_486)} %{m486:%(cpp_486)} %{mpentium:%(cpp_586)} %{mcpu=pentium:%(cpp_586)} %{mpentiumpro:%(cpp_686)} %{mcpu=pentiumpro:%(cpp_686)} %{mcpu=k6:%(cpp_k6)} %{!mcpu*:%{!m486:%{!mpentium*:%(cpp_cpu_default)}}}

*cc1_cpu:
%{!mcpu*: %{m386:-mcpu=i386 -march=i386} %{m486:-mcpu=i486 -march=i486} %{mpentium:-mcpu=pentium} %{mpentiumpro:-mcpu=pentiumpro}}

*mingw_include_path:
i586-cygwin32

*link_command:
%{!fsyntax-only: %{!c:%{!M:%{!MM:%{!E:%{!S:%(linker) %l %X %{o*} %{A} %{d} %{e*} %{m} %{N} %{n} %{r} %{s} %{t} %{u*} %{x} %{z} %{Z} %{!A:%{!nostdlib:%{!nostartfiles:%S}}} %{static:} %{L*} %D %o %{!nostdlib:%{!nodefaultlibs:%G %L %G}} %{!A:%{!nostdlib:%{!nostartfiles:%E}}} %{T*} 
 }}}}}}

================ cut here ================

2) Get the Mingw32 runtime sources from 
   ftp://ftp.xraylith.wisc.edu/pub/khan/gnu-win32/mingw32/gcc-2.95.2/runtime-source-19991107.zip

   Unpack it somewhere, say //g/src/mingw-runtime-19991107 .

   Apply the following patches:

   This makes the mingwm10.dll depend on the stuff that is needed
   to build it.:

================ cut here ================
diff -ru2 ./mingw/Makefile.in ../../src/mingw-runtime-19991107/mingw/Makefile.in
--- ./mingw/Makefile.in	Sun Nov 07 12:19:22 1999
+++ ../../src/mingw-runtime-19991107/mingw/Makefile.in	Mon Nov 08 14:55:38 1999
@@ -138,5 +138,5 @@
                     --base-file mingwthrd.base --output-exp mingwthrd.exp
 
-$(THREAD_DLL_NAME) mingwthrd.def: $(DLL_OFILES) Makefile
+$(THREAD_DLL_NAME) mingwthrd.def: $(DLL_OFILES) Makefile libmingw32.a libmoldname.a lib$(RUNTIME).a dllcrt$(CRT_ID).o
 	$(DLLTOOL) --as $(AS) --output-def mingwthrd.def $(DLL_OFILES)
 	$(CC) -Wl,--base-file=mingwthrd.base $(DLL_CC_STUFF)
================ cut here ================

   This enables building the profiling gcrt2.o. I don't know how useful
   it is, though, there doesn't seem to be any gprof command in cygwin.

================ cut here ================
diff -ru2 ./mingw/profile/Makefile.in ../../src/mingw-runtime-19991107/mingw/profile/Makefile.in
--- ./mingw/profile/Makefile.in	Sun Nov 07 12:18:56 1999
+++ ../../src/mingw-runtime-19991107/mingw/profile/Makefile.in	Mon Nov 08 12:12:12 1999
@@ -76,8 +76,8 @@
 
 gcrt1.o: gcrt0.c
-	$(CC) -U__MSVCRT__ -c -o $@ $(CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $?
+	$(CC) -U__MSVCRT__ -c -o $@ $(CPPFLAGS) $(ALL_CFLAGS) $?
 
 gcrt2.o: gcrt0.c
-	$(CC) -D__MSVCRT__ -c -o $@ $(CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $?
+	$(CC) -D__MSVCRT__ -c -o $@ $(CPPFLAGS) $(ALL_CFLAGS) $?
 
 Makefile: Makefile.in config.status configure
================ cut here ================

   This fixes a typo in wingdi.h:

================ cut here ================
diff -ru2 ./w32api/include/wingdi.h ../../src/mingw-runtime-19991107/w32api/include/wingdi.h
--- ./w32api/include/wingdi.h	Thu Nov 04 03:42:40 1999
+++ ../../src/mingw-runtime-19991107/w32api/include/wingdi.h	Mon Nov 08 12:48:02 1999
@@ -304,5 +304,5 @@
 #define FW_BOLD	700
 #define FW_EXTRABOLD	800
-#define FW_ULTRABOLD	FW_EXTRABOOLD
+#define FW_ULTRABOLD	FW_EXTRABOLD
 #define FW_HEAVY	900
 #define FW_BLACK	FW_HEAVY

================ cut here ================

   fpos_t should be long long with MSVCRT.DLL:

================ cut here ================
--- stdio.h~	Thu Aug 19 02:47:42 1999
+++ stdio.h	Mon Jan 17 21:58:20 2000
@@ -296,6 +296,11 @@
  * it is fairly evident that the fpos_t type is a long (in CRTDLL.DLL).
  * Perhaps an unsigned long? TODO?
+ * In MSVCRT.DLL it's a long long, however.
  */
+#ifdef __MSVCRT__
+typedef long long fpos_t;
+#else
 typedef long	fpos_t;
+#endif
 
 int	fgetpos	(FILE* fileGetPosition, fpos_t* pfpos);
================ cut here ================


   (I haven't checked yet if other small errors I have noticed in
   previous w32api header versions have been corrected.)

3) Now you should build the mingw32 and w32api runtime and import libraries.

   Go to //g/src/mingw-runtime-19991107/w32api. Enter:

   CC='gcc -mno-cygwin' ./configure i586-pc-mingw32msvc
   make

   That should complete in a while. It should produce a lot of .a
   libraries (both import libraries, and a couple of archive
   libraries), and some .o files. I don't trust make install to do
   what I want (especially as I didn't give any --prefix argument to
   the configure...), so I install the stuff manually:

   cd lib
   mkdir //g/gcc-2.95.2/H-i586-cygwin32/lib/mingw32
   cp *.a //g/gcc-2.95.2/H-i586-cygwin32/lib/mingw32
   cp crt2.o crtdll2.o //g/gcc-2.95.2/H-i586-cygwin32/lib/mingw32
   cd ../include
   mkdir //g/gcc-2.95.2/H-i586-cygwin32/i586-cygwin32/include/mingw32
   cp *.h //g/gcc-2.95.2/H-i586-cygwin32/i586-cygwin32/include/mingw32

   Now go to ../../mingw, and run the same configure command, and do a
   make:

   CC='gcc -mno-cygwin' ./configure i586-pc-mingw32msvc
   make

   Then install the mingw32 libraries and headers:
   cp *.a //g/gcc-2.95.2/H-i586-cygwin32/lib/mingw32
   mkdir //g/gcc-2.95.2/H-i586-cygwin32/i586-cygwin32/include/mingw32/sys
   cp include/sys/*.h //g/gcc-2.95.2/H-i586-cygwin32/i586-cygwin32/include/mingw32/sys
   cp include/*.h //g/gcc-2.95.2/H-i586-cygwin32/i586-cygwin32/include/mingw32


4) Get an updated set of binutils for cygwin B20.1 from
   ftp://ftp.xraylith.wisc.edu/pub/khan/gnu-win32/cygwin/gcc-2.95.2/binutils-2.9.4-cygb20.tar.gz
   Unpack that in your /cygnus/cygwin-b20 directory.  The relevant
   difference is: dlltool now parses GCC generated export directives
   correctly for DATA items.
   
5) Whew. That hopefully should be it.

Next, go back to the GLib directory and build using `make -f
makefile.mingw`. Building the dlls uses the script build-dll which
is somewhat of a hack. But I couldn't get things working in a cleaner
way.

--Tor Lillqvist <tml@iki.fi>