diff --git a/BusyBox.1 b/BusyBox.1 deleted file mode 100644 index 44616d8..0000000 --- a/BusyBox.1 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4530 +0,0 @@ -.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 2.16 (Pod::Simple 3.07) -.\" -.\" Standard preamble: -.\" ======================================================================== -.de Sh \" Subsection heading -.br -.if t .Sp -.ne 5 -.PP -\fB\\$1\fR -.PP -.. -.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP) -.if t .sp .5v -.if n .sp -.. -.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text -.ft CW -.nf -.ne \\$1 -.. -.de Ve \" End verbatim text -.ft R -.fi -.. -.\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings. \*(-- will -.\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left -.\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote. \*(C+ will -.\" give a nicer C++. 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Always turn off hyphenation; it makes -.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents. -.if n .ad l -.nh -.SH "NAME" -BusyBox \- The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux -.SH "SYNTAX" -.IX Header "SYNTAX" -.Vb 1 -\& busybox [arguments...] # or -\& -\& [arguments...] # if symlinked -.Ve -.SH "DESCRIPTION" -.IX Header "DESCRIPTION" -BusyBox combines tiny versions of many common \s-1UNIX\s0 utilities into a single -small executable. It provides minimalist replacements for most of the utilities -you usually find in \s-1GNU\s0 coreutils, util-linux, etc. The utilities in BusyBox -generally have fewer options than their full-featured \s-1GNU\s0 cousins; however, the -options that are included provide the expected functionality and behave very -much like their \s-1GNU\s0 counterparts. -.PP -BusyBox has been written with size-optimization and limited resources in mind. -It is also extremely modular so you can easily include or exclude commands (or -features) at compile time. This makes it easy to customize your embedded -systems. To create a working system, just add /dev, /etc, and a Linux kernel. -BusyBox provides a fairly complete \s-1POSIX\s0 environment for any small or embedded -system. -.PP -BusyBox is extremely configurable. This allows you to include only the -components you need, thereby reducing binary size. Run 'make config' or 'make -menuconfig' to select the functionality that you wish to enable. Then run -\&'make' to compile BusyBox using your configuration. -.PP -After the compile has finished, you should use 'make install' to install -BusyBox. This will install the 'bin/busybox' binary, in the target directory -specified by \s-1CONFIG_PREFIX\s0. \s-1CONFIG_PREFIX\s0 can be set when configuring BusyBox, -or you can specify an alternative location at install time (i.e., with a -command line like 'make CONFIG_PREFIX=/tmp/foo install'). If you enabled -any applet installation scheme (either as symlinks or hardlinks), these will -also be installed in the location pointed to by \s-1CONFIG_PREFIX\s0. -.SH "USAGE" -.IX Header "USAGE" -BusyBox is a multi-call binary. A multi-call binary is an executable program -that performs the same job as more than one utility program. That means there -is just a single BusyBox binary, but that single binary acts like a large -number of utilities. This allows BusyBox to be smaller since all the built-in -utility programs (we call them applets) can share code for many common -operations. -.PP -You can also invoke BusyBox by issuing a command as an argument on the -command line. For example, entering -.PP -.Vb 1 -\& /bin/busybox ls -.Ve -.PP -will also cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls'. -.PP -Of course, adding '/bin/busybox' into every command would be painful. So most -people will invoke BusyBox using links to the BusyBox binary. -.PP -For example, entering -.PP -.Vb 2 -\& ln \-s /bin/busybox ls -\& ./ls -.Ve -.PP -will cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls' (if the 'ls' command has been compiled -into BusyBox). Generally speaking, you should never need to make all these -links yourself, as the BusyBox build system will do this for you when you run -the 'make install' command. -.PP -If you invoke BusyBox with no arguments, it will provide you with a list of the -applets that have been compiled into your BusyBox binary. -.SH "COMMON OPTIONS" -.IX Header "COMMON OPTIONS" -Most BusyBox applets support the \fB\-\-help\fR argument to provide a terse runtime -description of their behavior. If the \s-1CONFIG_FEATURE_VERBOSE_USAGE\s0 option has -been enabled, more detailed usage information will also be available. -.SH "COMMANDS" -.IX Header "COMMANDS" -Currently available applets include: -.PP -.Vb 10 -\& [, [[, acpid, addgroup, adduser, adjtimex, ar, arp, arping, ash, -\& awk, basename, beep, blkid, brctl, bunzip2, bzcat, bzip2, cal, cat, -\& catv, chat, chattr, chgrp, chmod, chown, chpasswd, chpst, chroot, -\& chrt, chvt, cksum, clear, cmp, comm, cp, cpio, crond, crontab, -\& cryptpw, cut, date, dc, dd, deallocvt, delgroup, deluser, depmod, -\& devmem, df, dhcprelay, diff, dirname, dmesg, dnsd, dnsdomainname, -\& dos2unix, dpkg, du, dumpkmap, dumpleases, echo, ed, egrep, eject, -\& env, envdir, envuidgid, expand, expr, fakeidentd, false, fbset, -\& fbsplash, fdflush, fdformat, fdisk, fgrep, find, findfs, flash_lock, -\& flash_unlock, fold, free, freeramdisk, fsck, fsck.minix, fsync, -\& ftpd, ftpget, ftpput, fuser, getopt, getty, grep, gunzip, gzip, hd, -\& hdparm, head, hexdump, hostid, hostname, httpd, hush, hwclock, id, -\& ifconfig, ifdown, ifenslave, ifplugd, ifup, inetd, init, inotifyd, -\& insmod, install, ionice, ip, ipaddr, ipcalc, ipcrm, ipcs, iplink, -\& iproute, iprule, iptunnel, kbd_mode, kill, killall, killall5, klogd, -\& last, length, less, linux32, linux64, linuxrc, ln, loadfont, -\& loadkmap, logger, login, logname, logread, losetup, lpd, lpq, lpr, -\& ls, lsattr, lsmod, lzmacat, lzop, lzopcat, makemime, man, md5sum, -\& mdev, mesg, microcom, mkdir, mkdosfs, mkfifo, mkfs.minix, mkfs.vfat, -\& mknod, mkpasswd, mkswap, mktemp, modprobe, more, mount, mountpoint, -\& mt, mv, nameif, nc, netstat, nice, nmeter, nohup, nslookup, od, -\& openvt, passwd, patch, pgrep, pidof, ping, ping6, pipe_progress, -\& pivot_root, pkill, popmaildir, printenv, printf, ps, pscan, pwd, -\& raidautorun, rdate, rdev, readlink, readprofile, realpath, -\& reformime, renice, reset, resize, rm, rmdir, rmmod, route, rpm, -\& rpm2cpio, rtcwake, run\-parts, runlevel, runsv, runsvdir, rx, script, -\& scriptreplay, sed, sendmail, seq, setarch, setconsole, setfont, -\& setkeycodes, setlogcons, setsid, setuidgid, sh, sha1sum, sha256sum, -\& sha512sum, showkey, slattach, sleep, softlimit, sort, split, -\& start\-stop\-daemon, stat, strings, stty, su, sulogin, sum, sv, -\& svlogd, swapoff, swapon, switch_root, sync, sysctl, syslogd, tac, -\& tail, tar, taskset, tcpsvd, tee, telnet, telnetd, test, tftp, tftpd, -\& time, timeout, top, touch, tr, traceroute, true, tty, ttysize, -\& udhcpc, udhcpd, udpsvd, umount, uname, uncompress, unexpand, uniq, -\& unix2dos, unlzma, unlzop, unzip, uptime, usleep, uudecode, uuencode, -\& vconfig, vi, vlock, volname, watch, watchdog, wc, wget, which, who, -\& whoami, xargs, yes, zcat, zcip -.Ve -.SH "COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS" -.IX Header "COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS" -.IP "\fBacpid\fR" 4 -.IX Item "acpid" -acpid [\-d] [\-c \s-1CONFDIR\s0] [\-l \s-1LOGFILE\s0] [\-e \s-1PROC_EVENT_FILE\s0] [\s-1EVDEV_EVENT_FILE\s0...] -.Sp -Listen to \s-1ACPI\s0 events and spawn specific helpers on event arrival -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 4 -\& \-d Do not daemonize and log to stderr -\& \-c DIR Config directory [/etc/acpi] -\& \-e FILE /proc event file [/proc/acpi/event] -\& \-l FILE Log file [/var/log/acpid] -.Ve -.Sp -Accept and ignore compatibility options \-g \-m \-s \-S \-v -.IP "\fBaddgroup\fR" 4 -.IX Item "addgroup" -addgroup [\-g \s-1GID\s0] [user_name] group_name -.Sp -Add a group or add a user to a group -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 2 -\& \-g GID Group id -\& \-S Create a system group -.Ve -.IP "\fBadduser\fR" 4 -.IX Item "adduser" -adduser [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] user_name -.Sp -Add a user -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 8 -\& \-h DIR Home directory -\& \-g GECOS GECOS field -\& \-s SHELL Login shell -\& \-G GRP Add user to existing group -\& \-S Create a system user -\& \-D Do not assign a password -\& \-H Do not create home directory -\& \-u UID User id -.Ve -.IP "\fBadjtimex\fR" 4 -.IX Item "adjtimex" -adjtimex [\-q] [\-o offset] [\-f frequency] [\-p timeconstant] [\-t tick] -.Sp -Read and optionally set system timebase parameters. See \fIadjtimex\fR\|(2). -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 6 -\& \-q Quiet -\& \-o offset Time offset, microseconds -\& \-f frequency Frequency adjust, integer kernel units (65536 is 1ppm) -\& (positive values make clock run faster) -\& \-t tick Microseconds per tick, usually 10000 -\& \-p timeconstant -.Ve -.IP "\fBar\fR" 4 -.IX Item "ar" -ar [\-o] [\-v] [\-p] [\-t] [\-x] \s-1ARCHIVE\s0 \s-1FILES\s0 -.Sp -Extract or list \s-1FILES\s0 from an ar archive -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 5 -\& \-o Preserve original dates -\& \-p Extract to stdout -\& \-t List -\& \-x Extract -\& \-v Verbose -.Ve -.IP "\fBarp\fR" 4 -.IX Item "arp" -arp -[\-vn] [\-H type] [\-i if] \-a [hostname] -[\-v] [\-i if] \-d hostname [pub] -[\-v] [\-H type] [\-i if] \-s hostname hw_addr [temp] -[\-v] [\-H type] [\-i if] \-s hostname hw_addr [netmask nm] pub -[\-v] [\-H type] [\-i if] \-Ds hostname ifa [netmask nm] pub -.Sp -Manipulate \s-1ARP\s0 cache -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 9 -\& \-a Display (all) hosts -\& \-s Set new ARP entry -\& \-d Delete a specified entry -\& \-v Verbose -\& \-n Don\*(Aqt resolve names -\& \-i IF Network interface -\& \-D Read from given device -\& \-A, \-p AF Protocol family -\& \-H HWTYPE Hardware address type -.Ve -.IP "\fBarping\fR" 4 -.IX Item "arping" -arping [\-fqbDUA] [\-c count] [\-w timeout] [\-I dev] [\-s sender] target -.Sp -Send \s-1ARP\s0 requests/replies -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 11 -\& \-f Quit on first ARP reply -\& \-q Quiet -\& \-b Keep broadcasting, don\*(Aqt go unicast -\& \-D Duplicated address detection mode -\& \-U Unsolicited ARP mode, update your neighbors -\& \-A ARP answer mode, update your neighbors -\& \-c N Stop after sending N ARP requests -\& \-w timeout Time to wait for ARP reply, in seconds -\& \-I dev Interface to use (default eth0) -\& \-s sender Sender IP address -\& target Target IP address -.Ve -.IP "\fBawk\fR" 4 -.IX Item "awk" -awk [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1AWK_PROGRAM\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]... -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 3 -\& \-v VAR=VAL Set variable -\& \-F SEP Use SEP as field separator -\& \-f FILE Read program from file -.Ve -.IP "\fBbasename\fR" 4 -.IX Item "basename" -basename \s-1FILE\s0 [\s-1SUFFIX\s0] -.Sp -Strip directory path and .SUFFIX from \s-1FILE\s0 -.IP "\fBbeep\fR" 4 -.IX Item "beep" -beep \-f freq \-l length \-d delay \-r repetitions \-n -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 5 -\& \-f Frequency in Hz -\& \-l Length in ms -\& \-d Delay in ms -\& \-r Repetitions -\& \-n Start new tone -.Ve -.IP "\fBblkid\fR" 4 -.IX Item "blkid" -blkid -.Sp -Print UUIDs of all filesystems -.IP "\fBbrctl\fR" 4 -.IX Item "brctl" -brctl \s-1COMMAND\s0 [\s-1BRIDGE\s0 [\s-1INTERFACE\s0]] -.Sp -Manage ethernet bridges -.Sp -Commands: -.Sp -.Vb 10 -\& show Show a list of bridges -\& addbr BRIDGE Create BRIDGE -\& delbr BRIDGE Delete BRIDGE -\& addif BRIDGE IFACE Add IFACE to BRIDGE -\& delif BRIDGE IFACE Delete IFACE from BRIDGE -\& setageing BRIDGE TIME Set ageing time -\& setfd BRIDGE TIME Set bridge forward delay -\& sethello BRIDGE TIME Set hello time -\& setmaxage BRIDGE TIME Set max message age -\& setpathcost BRIDGE COST Set path cost -\& setportprio BRIDGE PRIO Set port priority -\& setbridgeprio BRIDGE PRIO Set bridge priority -\& stp BRIDGE [1|0] STP on/off -.Ve -.IP "\fBbunzip2\fR" 4 -.IX Item "bunzip2" -bunzip2 [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0] -.Sp -Uncompress \s-1FILE\s0 (or standard input if \s-1FILE\s0 is '\-' or omitted) -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 2 -\& \-c Write to standard output -\& \-f Force -.Ve -.IP "\fBbzcat\fR" 4 -.IX Item "bzcat" -bzcat \s-1FILE\s0 -.Sp -Uncompress to stdout -.IP "\fBbzip2\fR" 4 -.IX Item "bzip2" -bzip2 [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]... -.Sp -Compress \s-1FILE\s0(s) with bzip2 algorithm. -When \s-1FILE\s0 is '\-' or unspecified, reads standard input. Implies \-c. -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 4 -\& \-c Write to standard output -\& \-d Decompress -\& \-f Force -\& \-1..\-9 Compression level -.Ve -.IP "\fBcal\fR" 4 -.IX Item "cal" -cal [\-jy] [[month] year] -.Sp -Display a calendar -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 2 -\& \-j Use julian dates -\& \-y Display the entire year -.Ve -.IP "\fBcat\fR" 4 -.IX Item "cat" -cat [\-u] [\s-1FILE\s0]... -.Sp -Concatenate \s-1FILE\s0(s) and print them to stdout -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 1 -\& \-u Use unbuffered i/o (ignored) -.Ve -.IP "\fBcatv\fR" 4 -.IX Item "catv" -catv [\-etv] [\s-1FILE\s0]... -.Sp -Display nonprinting characters as ^x or M\-x -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 3 -\& \-e End each line with $ -\& \-t Show tabs as ^I -\& \-v Don\*(Aqt use ^x or M\-x escapes -.Ve -.IP "\fBchat\fR" 4 -.IX Item "chat" -chat \s-1EXPECT\s0 [\s-1SEND\s0 [\s-1EXPECT\s0 [\s-1SEND\s0...]]] -.Sp -Useful for interacting with a modem connected to stdin/stdout. -A script consists of one or more \*(L"expect-send\*(R" pairs of strings, -each pair is a pair of arguments. Example: -chat '' \s-1ATZ\s0 \s-1OK\s0 \s-1ATD123456\s0 \s-1CONNECT\s0 '' ogin: pppuser word: ppppass '~' -.IP "\fBchattr\fR" 4 -.IX Item "chattr" -chattr [\-R] [\-+=AacDdijsStTu] [\-v version] files... -.Sp -Change file attributes on an ext2 fs -.Sp -Modifiers: -.Sp -.Vb 4 -\& \- Remove attributes -\& + Add attributes -\& = Set attributes -\&Attributes: -\& -\& A Don\*(Aqt track atime -\& a Append mode only -\& c Enable compress -\& D Write dir contents synchronously -\& d Do not backup with dump -\& i Cannot be modified (immutable) -\& j Write all data to journal first -\& s Zero disk storage when deleted -\& S Write file contents synchronously -\& t Disable tail\-merging of partial blocks with other files -\& u Allow file to be undeleted -\&Options: -\& -\& \-R Recursively list subdirectories -\& \-v Set the file\*(Aqs version/generation number -.Ve -.IP "\fBchgrp\fR" 4 -.IX Item "chgrp" -chgrp [\-RhLHPcvf]... \s-1GROUP\s0 \s-1FILE\s0... -.Sp -Change the group membership of each \s-1FILE\s0 to \s-1GROUP\s0 -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 8 -\& \-R Recurse -\& \-h Affect symlinks instead of symlink targets -\& \-L Traverse all symlinks to directories -\& \-H Traverse symlinks on command line only -\& \-P Do not traverse symlinks (default) -\& \-c List changed files -\& \-v Verbose -\& \-f Hide errors -.Ve -.IP "\fBchmod\fR" 4 -.IX Item "chmod" -chmod [\-Rcvf] MODE[,MODE]... \s-1FILE\s0... -.Sp -Each \s-1MODE\s0 is one or more of the letters ugoa, one of the -symbols +\-= and one or more of the letters rwxst -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 4 -\& \-R Recurse -\& \-c List changed files -\& \-v List all files -\& \-f Hide errors -.Ve -.IP "\fBchown\fR" 4 -.IX Item "chown" -chown [\-RhLHPcvf]... OWNER[<.|:>[\s-1GROUP\s0]] \s-1FILE\s0... -.Sp -Change the owner and/or group of each \s-1FILE\s0 to \s-1OWNER\s0 and/or \s-1GROUP\s0 -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 8 -\& \-R Recurse -\& \-h Affect symlinks instead of symlink targets -\& \-L Traverse all symlinks to directories -\& \-H Traverse symlinks on command line only -\& \-P Do not traverse symlinks (default) -\& \-c List changed files -\& \-v List all files -\& \-f Hide errors -.Ve -.IP "\fBchpasswd\fR" 4 -.IX Item "chpasswd" -chpasswd [\-\-md5|\-\-encrypted] -.Sp -Read user:password from stdin and update /etc/passwd -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 2 -\& \-e,\-\-encrypted Supplied passwords are in encrypted form -\& \-m,\-\-md5 Use MD5 encryption instead of DES -.Ve -.IP "\fBchpst\fR" 4 -.IX Item "chpst" -chpst [\-vP012] [\-u USER[:GRP]] [\-U USER[:GRP]] [\-e \s-1DIR\s0] - [\-/ \s-1DIR\s0] [\-n \s-1NICE\s0] [\-m \s-1BYTES\s0] [\-d \s-1BYTES\s0] [\-o N] - [\-p N] [\-f \s-1BYTES\s0] [\-c \s-1BYTES\s0] \s-1PROG\s0 \s-1ARGS\s0 -.Sp -Change the process state and run \s-1PROG\s0 -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 10 -\& \-u USER[:GRP] Set uid and gid -\& \-U USER[:GRP] Set $UID and $GID in environment -\& \-e DIR Set environment variables as specified by files -\& in DIR: file=1st_line_of_file -\& \-/ DIR Chroot to DIR -\& \-n NICE Add NICE to nice value -\& \-m BYTES Same as \-d BYTES \-s BYTES \-l BYTES -\& \-d BYTES Limit data segment -\& \-o N Limit number of open files per process -\& \-p N Limit number of processes per uid -\& \-f BYTES Limit output file sizes -\& \-c BYTES Limit core file size -\& \-v Verbose -\& \-P Create new process group -\& \-0 Close standard input -\& \-1 Close standard output -\& \-2 Close standard error -.Ve -.IP "\fBchroot\fR" 4 -.IX Item "chroot" -chroot \s-1NEWROOT\s0 [\s-1PROG\s0 [\s-1ARGS\s0]] -.Sp -Run \s-1PROG\s0 with root directory set to \s-1NEWROOT\s0 -.IP "\fBchrt\fR" 4 -.IX Item "chrt" -chrt [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1PRIO\s0] [\s-1PID\s0 | \s-1PROG\s0 [\s-1ARGS\s0]] -.Sp -Manipulate real-time attributes of a process -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 5 -\& \-p Operate on pid -\& \-r Set scheduling policy to SCHED_RR -\& \-f Set scheduling policy to SCHED_FIFO -\& \-o Set scheduling policy to SCHED_OTHER -\& \-m Show min and max priorities -.Ve -.IP "\fBchvt\fR" 4 -.IX Item "chvt" -chvt N -.Sp -Change the foreground virtual terminal to /dev/ttyN -.IP "\fBcksum\fR" 4 -.IX Item "cksum" -cksum \s-1FILES\s0... -.Sp -Calculate the \s-1CRC32\s0 checksums of \s-1FILES\s0 -.IP "\fBclear\fR" 4 -.IX Item "clear" -clear -.Sp -Clear screen -.IP "\fBcmp\fR" 4 -.IX Item "cmp" -cmp [\-l] [\-s] \s-1FILE1\s0 [\s-1FILE2\s0 [\s-1SKIP1\s0 [\s-1SKIP2\s0]]] -.Sp -Compares \s-1FILE1\s0 vs stdin if \s-1FILE2\s0 is not specified -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 3 -\& \-l Write the byte numbers (decimal) and values (octal) -\& for all differing bytes -\& \-s Quiet -.Ve -.IP "\fBcomm\fR" 4 -.IX Item "comm" -comm [\-123] \s-1FILE1\s0 \s-1FILE2\s0 -.Sp -Compare \s-1FILE1\s0 to \s-1FILE2\s0, or to stdin if \- is specified -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 3 -\& \-1 Suppress lines unique to FILE1 -\& \-2 Suppress lines unique to FILE2 -\& \-3 Suppress lines common to both files -.Ve -.IP "\fBcp\fR" 4 -.IX Item "cp" -cp [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1SOURCE\s0 \s-1DEST\s0 -.Sp -Copy \s-1SOURCE\s0 to \s-1DEST\s0, or multiple \s-1SOURCE\s0(s) to \s-1DIRECTORY\s0 -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 8 -\& \-a Same as \-dpR -\& \-d,\-P Preserve links -\& \-H,\-L Dereference all symlinks (default) -\& \-p Preserve file attributes if possible -\& \-f Force overwrite -\& \-i Prompt before overwrite -\& \-R,\-r Recurse -\& \-l,\-s Create (sym)links -.Ve -.IP "\fBcpio\fR" 4 -.IX Item "cpio" -cpio \-[tiopdmvu] [\-F \s-1FILE\s0] [\-H newc] -.Sp -Extract or list files from a cpio archive, or create a cpio archive -Main operation mode: -.Sp -.Vb 5 -\& \-t List -\& \-i Extract -\& \-o Create -\& \-p Passthrough -\&Options: -\& -\& \-d Make leading directories -\& \-m Preserve mtime -\& \-v Verbose -\& \-u Overwrite -\& \-F Input file -\& \-H Define format -.Ve -.IP "\fBcrond\fR" 4 -.IX Item "crond" -crond \-fbS \-l N \-d N \-L \s-1LOGFILE\s0 \-c \s-1DIR\s0 -.Sp -.Vb 7 -\& \-f Foreground -\& \-b Background (default) -\& \-S Log to syslog (default) -\& \-l Set log level. 0 is the most verbose, default 8 -\& \-d Set log level, log to stderr -\& \-L Log to file -\& \-c Working dir -.Ve -.IP "\fBcrontab\fR" 4 -.IX Item "crontab" -crontab [\-c \s-1DIR\s0] [\-u \s-1USER\s0] [\-ler]|[\s-1FILE\s0] -.Sp -.Vb 6 -\& \-c Crontab directory -\& \-u User -\& \-l List crontab -\& \-e Edit crontab -\& \-r Delete crontab -\& FILE Replace crontab by FILE (\*(Aq\-\*(Aq: stdin) -.Ve -.IP "\fBcryptpw\fR" 4 -.IX Item "cryptpw" -cryptpw [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1PASSWORD\s0] [\s-1SALT\s0] -.Sp -Crypt the \s-1PASSWORD\s0 using \fIcrypt\fR\|(3) -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 3 -\& \-P,\-\-password\-fd=NUM Read password from fd NUM -\& \-m,\-\-method=TYPE Encryption method TYPE -\& \-S,\-\-salt=SALT -.Ve -.IP "\fBcut\fR" 4 -.IX Item "cut" -cut [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]... -.Sp -Print selected fields from each input \s-1FILE\s0 to standard output -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 6 -\& \-b LIST Output only bytes from LIST -\& \-c LIST Output only characters from LIST -\& \-d CHAR Use CHAR instead of tab as the field delimiter -\& \-s Output only the lines containing delimiter -\& \-f N Print only these fields -\& \-n Ignored -.Ve -.IP "\fBdate\fR" 4 -.IX Item "date" -date [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [+FMT] [\s-1TIME\s0] -.Sp -Display time (using +FMT), or set time -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 10 -\& [\-s] TIME Set time to TIME -\& \-u Work in UTC (don\*(Aqt convert to local time) -\& \-R Output RFC\-822 compliant date string -\& \-I[SPEC] Output ISO\-8601 compliant date string -\& SPEC=\*(Aqdate\*(Aq (default) for date only, -\& \*(Aqhours\*(Aq, \*(Aqminutes\*(Aq, or \*(Aqseconds\*(Aq for date and -\& time to the indicated precision -\& \-r FILE Display last modification time of FILE -\& \-d TIME Display TIME, not \*(Aqnow\*(Aq -\& \-D FMT Use FMT for \-d TIME conversion -.Ve -.Sp -Recognized \s-1TIME\s0 formats: -.Sp -.Vb 4 -\& hh:mm[:ss] -\& [YYYY.]MM.DD\-hh:mm[:ss] -\& YYYY\-MM\-DD hh:mm[:ss] -\& [[[[[YY]YY]MM]DD]hh]mm[.ss] -.Ve -.IP "\fBdc\fR" 4 -.IX Item "dc" -dc expression... -.Sp -Tiny \s-1RPN\s0 calculator. Operations: -+, add, \-, sub, *, mul, /, div, %, mod, **, exp, and, or, not, eor, -p \- print top of the stack (without altering the stack), -f \- print entire stack, o \- pop the value and set output radix -(value must be 10 or 16). -Examples: 'dc 2 2 add' \-> 4, 'dc 8 8 * 2 2 + /' \-> 16. -.IP "\fBdd\fR" 4 -.IX Item "dd" -dd [if=FILE] [of=FILE] [ibs=N] [obs=N] [bs=N] [count=N] [skip=N] - [seek=N] [conv=notrunc|noerror|sync|fsync] -.Sp -Copy a file with converting and formatting -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 12 -\& if=FILE Read from FILE instead of stdin -\& of=FILE Write to FILE instead of stdout -\& bs=N Read and write N bytes at a time -\& ibs=N Read N bytes at a time -\& obs=N Write N bytes at a time -\& count=N Copy only N input blocks -\& skip=N Skip N input blocks -\& seek=N Skip N output blocks -\& conv=notrunc Don\*(Aqt truncate output file -\& conv=noerror Continue after read errors -\& conv=sync Pad blocks with zeros -\& conv=fsync Physically write data out before finishing -.Ve -.Sp -Numbers may be suffixed by c (x1), w (x2), b (x512), kD (x1000), k (x1024), -\&\s-1MD\s0 (x1000000), M (x1048576), \s-1GD\s0 (x1000000000) or G (x1073741824) -.IP "\fBdeallocvt\fR" 4 -.IX Item "deallocvt" -deallocvt [N] -.Sp -Deallocate unused virtual terminal /dev/ttyN -.IP "\fBdelgroup\fR" 4 -.IX Item "delgroup" -delgroup [\s-1USER\s0] \s-1GROUP\s0 -.Sp -Delete group \s-1GROUP\s0 from the system or user \s-1USER\s0 from group \s-1GROUP\s0 -.IP "\fBdeluser\fR" 4 -.IX Item "deluser" -deluser \s-1USER\s0 -.Sp -Delete \s-1USER\s0 from the system -.IP "\fBdevmem\fR" 4 -.IX Item "devmem" -devmem \s-1ADDRESS\s0 [\s-1WIDTH\s0 [\s-1VALUE\s0]] -.Sp -Read/write from physical address -.Sp -.Vb 3 -\& ADDRESS Address to act upon -\& WIDTH Width (8/16/...) -\& VALUE Data to be written -.Ve -.IP "\fBdf\fR" 4 -.IX Item "df" -df [\-Pkmhai] [\-B \s-1SIZE\s0] [\s-1FILESYSTEM\s0...] -.Sp -Print filesystem usage statistics -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 7 -\& \-P POSIX output format -\& \-k 1024\-byte blocks (default) -\& \-m 1M\-byte blocks -\& \-h Human readable (e.g. 1K 243M 2G) -\& \-a Show all filesystems -\& \-i Inodes -\& \-B SIZE Blocksize -.Ve -.IP "\fBdhcprelay\fR" 4 -.IX Item "dhcprelay" -dhcprelay CLIENT_IFACE[,CLIENT_IFACE2...] \s-1SERVER_IFACE\s0 [\s-1SERVER_IP\s0] -.Sp -Relay \s-1DHCP\s0 requests between clients and server -.IP "\fBdiff\fR" 4 -.IX Item "diff" -diff [\-abdiNqrTstw] [\-L \s-1LABEL\s0] [\-S \s-1FILE\s0] [\-U \s-1LINES\s0] \s-1FILE1\s0 \s-1FILE2\s0 -.Sp -Compare files line by line and output the differences between them. -This implementation supports unified diffs only. -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 10 -\& \-a Treat all files as text -\& \-b Ignore changes in the amount of whitespace -\& \-d Try hard to find a smaller set of changes -\& \-i Ignore case differences -\& \-L Use LABEL instead of the filename in the unified header -\& \-N Treat absent files as empty -\& \-q Output only whether files differ -\& \-r Recursively compare subdirectories -\& \-S Start with FILE when comparing directories -\& \-T Make tabs line up by prefixing a tab when necessary -\& \-s Report when two files are the same -\& \-t Expand tabs to spaces in output -\& \-U Output LINES lines of context -\& \-w Ignore all whitespace -.Ve -.IP "\fBdirname\fR" 4 -.IX Item "dirname" -dirname \s-1FILENAME\s0 -.Sp -Strip non-directory suffix from \s-1FILENAME\s0 -.IP "\fBdmesg\fR" 4 -.IX Item "dmesg" -dmesg [\-c] [\-n \s-1LEVEL\s0] [\-s \s-1SIZE\s0] -.Sp -Print or control the kernel ring buffer -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 3 -\& \-c Clear ring buffer after printing -\& \-n LEVEL Set console logging level -\& \-s SIZE Buffer size -.Ve -.IP "\fBdnsd\fR" 4 -.IX Item "dnsd" -dnsd [\-c config] [\-t seconds] [\-p port] [\-i iface\-ip] [\-d] -.Sp -Small static \s-1DNS\s0 server daemon -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 5 -\& \-c Config filename -\& \-t TTL in seconds -\& \-p Listening port -\& \-i Listening ip (default all) -\& \-d Daemonize -.Ve -.IP "\fBdos2unix\fR" 4 -.IX Item "dos2unix" -dos2unix [\s-1OPTION\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0] -.Sp -Convert \s-1FILE\s0 in-place from \s-1DOS\s0 to Unix format. -When no file is given, use stdin/stdout. -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 2 -\& \-u dos2unix -\& \-d unix2dos -.Ve -.IP "\fBdpkg\fR" 4 -.IX Item "dpkg" -dpkg [\-ilCPru] [\-F option] package_name -.Sp -Install, remove and manage Debian packages -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 7 -\& \-i Install the package -\& \-l List of installed packages -\& \-C Configure an unpackaged package -\& \-F depends Ignore dependency problems -\& \-P Purge all files of a package -\& \-r Remove all but the configuration files for a package -\& \-u Unpack a package, but don\*(Aqt configure it -.Ve -.IP "\fBdu\fR" 4 -.IX Item "du" -du [\-aHLdclsxhmk] [\s-1FILE\s0]... -.Sp -Summarize disk space used for each \s-1FILE\s0 and/or directory. -Disk space is printed in units of 1024 bytes. -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 11 -\& \-a Show file sizes too -\& \-H Follow symlinks on command line -\& \-L Follow all symlinks -\& \-d N Limit output to directories (and files with \-a) of depth < N -\& \-c Show grand total -\& \-l Count sizes many times if hard linked -\& \-s Display only a total for each argument -\& \-x Skip directories on different filesystems -\& \-h Sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 243M 2G ) -\& \-m Sizes in megabytes -\& \-k Sizes in kilobytes (default) -.Ve -.IP "\fBdumpkmap\fR" 4 -.IX Item "dumpkmap" -dumpkmap > keymap -.Sp -Print a binary keyboard translation table to standard output -.IP "\fBdumpleases\fR" 4 -.IX Item "dumpleases" -dumpleases [\-r|\-a] [\-f \s-1LEASEFILE\s0] -.Sp -Display \s-1DHCP\s0 leases granted by udhcpd -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 3 -\& \-f,\-\-file=FILE Leases file to load -\& \-r,\-\-remaining Interpret lease times as time remaining -\& \-a,\-\-absolute Interpret lease times as expire time -.Ve -.IP "\fBecho\fR" 4 -.IX Item "echo" -echo [\-neE] [\s-1ARG\s0...] -.Sp -Print the specified ARGs to stdout -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 3 -\& \-n Suppress trailing newline -\& \-e Interpret backslash\-escaped characters (i.e., \et=tab) -\& \-E Disable interpretation of backslash\-escaped characters -.Ve -.IP "\fBed\fR" 4 -.IX Item "ed" -ed -.IP "\fBeject\fR" 4 -.IX Item "eject" -eject [\-t] [\-T] [\s-1DEVICE\s0] -.Sp -Eject specified \s-1DEVICE\s0 (or default /dev/cdrom) -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 3 -\& \-s SCSI device -\& \-t Close tray -\& \-T Open/close tray (toggle) -.Ve -.IP "\fBenv\fR" 4 -.IX Item "env" -env [\-iu] [\-] [name=value]... [\s-1PROG\s0 [\s-1ARGS\s0]] -.Sp -Print the current environment or run \s-1PROG\s0 after setting up -the specified environment -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 2 -\& \-, \-i Start with an empty environment -\& \-u Remove variable from the environment -.Ve -.IP "\fBenvdir\fR" 4 -.IX Item "envdir" -envdir dir prog args -.Sp -Set various environment variables as specified by files -in the directory dir and run \s-1PROG\s0 -.IP "\fBenvuidgid\fR" 4 -.IX Item "envuidgid" -envuidgid account prog args -.Sp -Set \f(CW$UID\fR to account's uid and \f(CW$GID\fR to account's gid and run \s-1PROG\s0 -.IP "\fBexpand\fR" 4 -.IX Item "expand" -expand [\-i] [\-t \s-1NUM\s0] [FILE|\-] -.Sp -Convert tabs to spaces, writing to standard output -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 2 -\& \-i,\-\-initial Do not convert tabs after non blanks -\& \-t,\-\-tabs=N Tabstops every N chars -.Ve -.IP "\fBexpr\fR" 4 -.IX Item "expr" -expr \s-1EXPRESSION\s0 -.Sp -Print the value of \s-1EXPRESSION\s0 to standard output -.Sp -\&\s-1EXPRESSION\s0 may be: -.Sp -.Vb 10 -\& ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2 -\& ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0 -\& ARG1 < ARG2 1 if ARG1 is less than ARG2, else 0. Similarly: -\& ARG1 <= ARG2 -\& ARG1 = ARG2 -\& ARG1 != ARG2 -\& ARG1 >= ARG2 -\& ARG1 > ARG2 -\& ARG1 + ARG2 Sum of ARG1 and ARG2. Similarly: -\& ARG1 \- ARG2 -\& ARG1 * ARG2 -\& ARG1 / ARG2 -\& ARG1 % ARG2 -\& STRING : REGEXP Anchored pattern match of REGEXP in STRING -\& match STRING REGEXP Same as STRING : REGEXP -\& substr STRING POS LENGTH Substring of STRING, POS counted from 1 -\& index STRING CHARS Index in STRING where any CHARS is found, or 0 -\& length STRING Length of STRING -\& quote TOKEN Interpret TOKEN as a string, even if -\& it is a keyword like \*(Aqmatch\*(Aq or an -\& operator like \*(Aq/\*(Aq -\& (EXPRESSION) Value of EXPRESSION -.Ve -.Sp -Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells. -Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else -lexicographical. Pattern matches return the string matched between -\&\e( and \e) or null; if \e( and \e) are not used, they return the number -of characters matched or 0. -.IP "\fBfakeidentd\fR" 4 -.IX Item "fakeidentd" -fakeidentd [\-fiw] [\-b \s-1ADDR\s0] [\s-1STRING\s0] -.Sp -Provide fake ident (auth) service -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 5 -\& \-f Run in foreground -\& \-i Inetd mode -\& \-w Inetd \*(Aqwait\*(Aq mode -\& \-b ADDR Bind to specified address -\& STRING Ident answer string (default: nobody) -.Ve -.IP "\fBfalse\fR" 4 -.IX Item "false" -false -.Sp -Return an exit code of \s-1FALSE\s0 (1) -.IP "\fBfbset\fR" 4 -.IX Item "fbset" -fbset [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1MODE\s0] -.Sp -Show and modify frame buffer settings -.IP "\fBfbsplash\fR" 4 -.IX Item "fbsplash" -fbsplash \-s \s-1IMGFILE\s0 [\-c] [\-d \s-1DEV\s0] [\-i \s-1INIFILE\s0] [\-f \s-1CMD\s0] -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 8 -\& \-s Image -\& \-c Hide cursor -\& \-d Framebuffer device (default /dev/fb0) -\& \-i Config file (var=value): -\& BAR_LEFT,BAR_TOP,BAR_WIDTH,BAR_HEIGHT -\& BAR_R,BAR_G,BAR_B -\& \-f Control pipe (else exit after drawing image) -\& commands: \*(AqNN\*(Aq (% for progress bar) or \*(Aqexit\*(Aq -.Ve -.IP "\fBfdflush\fR" 4 -.IX Item "fdflush" -fdflush \s-1DEVICE\s0 -.Sp -Force floppy disk drive to detect disk change -.IP "\fBfdformat\fR" 4 -.IX Item "fdformat" -fdformat [\-n] \s-1DEVICE\s0 -.Sp -Format floppy disk -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 1 -\& \-n Don\*(Aqt verify after format -.Ve -.IP "\fBfdisk\fR" 4 -.IX Item "fdisk" -fdisk [\-ul] [\-C \s-1CYLINDERS\s0] [\-H \s-1HEADS\s0] [\-S \s-1SECTORS\s0] [\-b \s-1SSZ\s0] \s-1DISK\s0 -.Sp -Change partition table -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 5 -\& \-u Start and End are in sectors (instead of cylinders) -\& \-l Show partition table for each DISK, then exit -\& \-b 2048 (for certain MO disks) use 2048\-byte sectors -\& \-C CYLINDERS Set number of cylinders/heads/sectors -\& \-H HEADS -\& -\& \-S SECTORS -.Ve -.IP "\fBfind\fR" 4 -.IX Item "find" -find [\s-1PATH\s0...] [\s-1EXPRESSION\s0] -.Sp -Search for files. The default \s-1PATH\s0 is the current directory, -default \s-1EXPRESSION\s0 is '\-print' -.Sp -\&\s-1EXPRESSION\s0 may consist of: -.Sp -.Vb 10 -\& \-follow Dereference symlinks -\& \-xdev Don\*(Aqt descend directories on other filesystems -\& \-maxdepth N Descend at most N levels. \-maxdepth 0 applies -\& tests/actions to command line arguments only -\& \-mindepth N Do not act on first N levels -\& \-name PATTERN File name (w/o directory name) matches PATTERN -\& \-iname PATTERN Case insensitive \-name -\& \-path PATTERN Path matches PATTERN -\& \-regex PATTERN Path matches regex PATTERN -\& \-type X File type is X (X is one of: f,d,l,b,c,...) -\& \-perm NNN Permissions match any of (+NNN), all of (\-NNN), -\& or exactly (NNN) -\& \-mtime DAYS Modified time is greater than (+N), less than (\-N), -\& or exactly (N) days -\& \-mmin MINS Modified time is greater than (+N), less than (\-N), -\& or exactly (N) minutes -\& \-newer FILE Modified time is more recent than FILE\*(Aqs -\& \-inum N File has inode number N -\& \-user NAME File is owned by user NAME (numeric user ID allowed) -\& \-group NAME File belongs to group NAME (numeric group ID allowed) -\& \-depth Process directory name after traversing it -\& \-size N[bck] File size is N (c:bytes,k:kbytes,b:512 bytes(def.)). -\& +/\-N: file size is bigger/smaller than N -\& \-print Print (default and assumed) -\& \-print0 Delimit output with null characters rather than -\& newlines -\& \-exec CMD ARG ; Run CMD with all instances of {} replaced by the -\& matching files -\& \-prune Stop traversing current subtree -\& \-delete Delete files, turns on \-depth option -\& (EXPR) Group an expression -.Ve -.IP "\fBfindfs\fR" 4 -.IX Item "findfs" -findfs LABEL=label or UUID=uuid -.Sp -Find a filesystem device based on a label or \s-1UUID\s0 -.IP "\fBflash_lock\fR" 4 -.IX Item "flash_lock" -flash_lock \s-1MTD_DEVICE\s0 \s-1OFFSET\s0 \s-1SECTORS\s0 -.Sp -Lock part or all of an \s-1MTD\s0 device. If \s-1SECTORS\s0 is \-1, then all sectors -will be locked, regardless of the value of \s-1OFFSET\s0 -.IP "\fBflash_unlock\fR" 4 -.IX Item "flash_unlock" -flash_unlock \s-1MTD_DEVICE\s0 -.Sp -Unlock an \s-1MTD\s0 device -.IP "\fBfold\fR" 4 -.IX Item "fold" -fold [\-bs] [\-w \s-1WIDTH\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0] -.Sp -Wrap input lines in each \s-1FILE\s0 (standard input by default), writing to -standard output -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 3 -\& \-b Count bytes rather than columns -\& \-s Break at spaces -\& \-w Use WIDTH columns instead of 80 -.Ve -.IP "\fBfree\fR" 4 -.IX Item "free" -free -.Sp -Display the amount of free and used system memory -.IP "\fBfreeramdisk\fR" 4 -.IX Item "freeramdisk" -freeramdisk \s-1DEVICE\s0 -.Sp -Free all memory used by the specified ramdisk -.IP "\fBfsck\fR" 4 -.IX Item "fsck" -fsck [\-ANPRTV] [\-C fd] [\-t fstype] [fs\-options] [filesys...] -.Sp -Check and repair filesystems -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 8 -\& \-A Walk /etc/fstab and check all filesystems -\& \-N Don\*(Aqt execute, just show what would be done -\& \-P With \-A, check filesystems in parallel -\& \-R With \-A, skip the root filesystem -\& \-T Don\*(Aqt show title on startup -\& \-V Verbose -\& \-C n Write status information to specified filedescriptor -\& \-t type List of filesystem types to check -.Ve -.IP "\fBfsck.minix\fR" 4 -.IX Item "fsck.minix" -fsck.minix [\-larvsmf] /dev/name -.Sp -Check \s-1MINIX\s0 filesystem -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 7 -\& \-l List all filenames -\& \-r Perform interactive repairs -\& \-a Perform automatic repairs -\& \-v Verbose -\& \-s Output superblock information -\& \-m Show "mode not cleared" warnings -\& \-f Force file system check -.Ve -.IP "\fBfsync\fR" 4 -.IX Item "fsync" -fsync [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1FILE\s0...Write files' buffered blocks to disk -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 1 -\& \-d Avoid syncing metadata -.Ve -.IP "\fBftpd\fR" 4 -.IX Item "ftpd" -ftpd [\-wvS] [\-t N] [\-T N] [\s-1DIR\s0] -.Sp -Anonymous \s-1FTP\s0 server -.Sp -ftpd should be used as an inetd service. -ftpd's line for inetd.conf: - 21 stream tcp nowait root ftpd ftpd /files/to/serve -It also can be ran from tcpsvd: -.Sp -.Vb 1 -\& tcpsvd \-vE 0.0.0.0 21 ftpd /files/to/serve -.Ve -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 5 -\& \-w Allow upload -\& \-v Log to stderr -\& \-S Log to syslog -\& \-t,\-T Idle and absolute timeouts -\& DIR Change root to this directory -.Ve -.IP "\fBftpget\fR" 4 -.IX Item "ftpget" -ftpget [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1HOST\s0 \s-1LOCAL_FILE\s0 \s-1REMOTE_FILE\s0 -.Sp -Retrieve a remote file via \s-1FTP\s0 -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 5 -\& \-c,\-\-continue Continue previous transfer -\& \-v,\-\-verbose Verbose -\& \-u,\-\-username Username -\& \-p,\-\-password Password -\& \-P,\-\-port Port number -.Ve -.IP "\fBftpput\fR" 4 -.IX Item "ftpput" -ftpput [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1HOST\s0 \s-1REMOTE_FILE\s0 \s-1LOCAL_FILE\s0 -.Sp -Store a local file on a remote machine via \s-1FTP\s0 -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 4 -\& \-v,\-\-verbose Verbose -\& \-u,\-\-username Username -\& \-p,\-\-password Password -\& \-P,\-\-port Port number -.Ve -.IP "\fBfuser\fR" 4 -.IX Item "fuser" -fuser [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1FILE\s0 or \s-1PORT/PROTO\s0 -.Sp -Find processes which use FILEs or PORTs -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 6 -\& \-m Find processes which use same fs as FILEs -\& \-4 Search only IPv4 space -\& \-6 Search only IPv6 space -\& \-s Silent: just exit with 0 if any processes are found -\& \-k Kill found processes (otherwise display PIDs) -\& \-SIGNAL Signal to send (default: TERM) -.Ve -.IP "\fBgetopt\fR" 4 -.IX Item "getopt" -getopt [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 9 -\& \-a,\-\-alternative Allow long options starting with single \- -\& \-l,\-\-longoptions=longopts Long options to be recognized -\& \-n,\-\-name=progname The name under which errors are reported -\& \-o,\-\-options=optstring Short options to be recognized -\& \-q,\-\-quiet Disable error reporting by getopt(3) -\& \-Q,\-\-quiet\-output No normal output -\& \-s,\-\-shell=shell Set shell quoting conventions -\& \-T,\-\-test Test for getopt(1) version -\& \-u,\-\-unquoted Don\*(Aqt quote the output -.Ve -.IP "\fBgetty\fR" 4 -.IX Item "getty" -getty [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1BAUD_RATE\s0 \s-1TTY\s0 [\s-1TERMTYPE\s0] -.Sp -Open a tty, prompt for a login name, then invoke /bin/login -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 11 -\& \-h Enable hardware (RTS/CTS) flow control -\& \-i Do not display /etc/issue before running login -\& \-L Local line, do not do carrier detect -\& \-m Get baud rate from modem\*(Aqs CONNECT status message -\& \-w Wait for a CR or LF before sending /etc/issue -\& \-n Do not prompt the user for a login name -\& \-f ISSUE_FILE Display ISSUE_FILE instead of /etc/issue -\& \-l LOGIN Invoke LOGIN instead of /bin/login -\& \-t SEC Terminate after SEC if no username is read -\& \-I INITSTR Send INITSTR before anything else -\& \-H HOST Log HOST into the utmp file as the hostname -.Ve -.IP "\fBgrep\fR" 4 -.IX Item "grep" -grep [\-HhrilLnqvsoweFEABCz] \s-1PATTERN\s0 [\s-1FILE\s0]... -.Sp -Search for \s-1PATTERN\s0 in each \s-1FILE\s0 or standard input -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 10 -\& \-H Prefix output lines with filename where match was found -\& \-h Suppress the prefixing filename on output -\& \-r Recurse -\& \-i Ignore case distinctions -\& \-l List names of files that match -\& \-L List names of files that do not match -\& \-n Print line number with output lines -\& \-q Quiet. Return 0 if PATTERN is found, 1 otherwise -\& \-v Select non\-matching lines -\& \-s Suppress file open/read error messages -\& \-c Only print count of matching lines -\& \-o Show only the part of a line that matches PATTERN -\& \-m MAX Match up to MAX times per file -\& \-w Match whole words only -\& \-F PATTERN is a set of newline\-separated strings -\& \-E PATTERN is an extended regular expression -\& \-e PTRN Pattern to match -\& \-f FILE Read pattern from file -\& \-A Print NUM lines of trailing context -\& \-B Print NUM lines of leading context -\& \-C Print NUM lines of output context -\& \-z Input is NUL terminated -.Ve -.IP "\fBgunzip\fR" 4 -.IX Item "gunzip" -gunzip [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]... -.Sp -Uncompress FILEs (or standard input) -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 3 -\& \-c Write to standard output -\& \-f Force -\& \-t Test file integrity -.Ve -.IP "\fBgzip\fR" 4 -.IX Item "gzip" -gzip [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]... -.Sp -Compress FILEs (or standard input) -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 3 -\& \-c Write to standard output -\& \-d Decompress -\& \-f Force -.Ve -.IP "\fBhd\fR" 4 -.IX Item "hd" -hd \s-1FILE\s0... -.Sp -hd is an alias for hexdump \-C -.IP "\fBhdparm\fR" 4 -.IX Item "hdparm" -hdparm [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1DEVICE\s0] -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 10 -\& \-a Get/set fs readahead -\& \-A Set drive read\-lookahead flag (0/1) -\& \-b Get/set bus state (0 == off, 1 == on, 2 == tristate) -\& \-B Set Advanced Power Management setting (1\-255) -\& \-c Get/set IDE 32\-bit IO setting -\& \-C Check IDE power mode status -\& \-d Get/set using_dma flag -\& \-D Enable/disable drive defect\-mgmt -\& \-f Flush buffer cache for device on exit -\& \-g Display drive geometry -\& \-h Display terse usage information -\& \-i Display drive identification -\& \-I Detailed/current information directly from drive -\& \-k Get/set keep_settings_over_reset flag (0/1) -\& \-K Set drive keep_features_over_reset flag (0/1) -\& \-L Set drive doorlock (0/1) (removable harddisks only) -\& \-m Get/set multiple sector count -\& \-n Get/set ignore\-write\-errors flag (0/1) -\& \-p Set PIO mode on IDE interface chipset (0,1,2,3,4,...) -\& \-P Set drive prefetch count -\& \-Q Get/set DMA tagged\-queuing depth (if supported) -\& \-r Get/set readonly flag (DANGEROUS to set) -\& \-R Register an IDE interface (DANGEROUS) -\& \-S Set standby (spindown) timeout -\& \-t Perform device read timings -\& \-T Perform cache read timings -\& \-u Get/set unmaskirq flag (0/1) -\& \-U Un\-register an IDE interface (DANGEROUS) -\& \-v Defaults; same as \-mcudkrag for IDE drives -\& \-V Display program version and exit immediately -\& \-w Perform device reset (DANGEROUS) -\& \-W Set drive write\-caching flag (0/1) (DANGEROUS) -\& \-x Tristate device for hotswap (0/1) (DANGEROUS) -\& \-X Set IDE xfer mode (DANGEROUS) -\& \-y Put IDE drive in standby mode -\& \-Y Put IDE drive to sleep -\& \-Z Disable Seagate auto\-powersaving mode -\& \-z Re\-read partition table -.Ve -.IP "\fBhead\fR" 4 -.IX Item "head" -head [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]... -.Sp -Print first 10 lines of each \s-1FILE\s0 to standard output. -With more than one \s-1FILE\s0, precede each with a header giving the -file name. With no \s-1FILE\s0, or when \s-1FILE\s0 is \-, read standard input. -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 4 -\& \-n NUM Print first NUM lines instead of first 10 -\& \-c NUM Output the first NUM bytes -\& \-q Never output headers giving file names -\& \-v Always output headers giving file names -.Ve -.IP "\fBhexdump\fR" 4 -.IX Item "hexdump" -hexdump [\-bcCdefnosvxR] \s-1FILE\s0... -.Sp -Display file(s) or standard input in a user specified format -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 12 -\& \-b One\-byte octal display -\& \-c One\-byte character display -\& \-C Canonical hex+ASCII, 16 bytes per line -\& \-d Two\-byte decimal display -\& \-e FORMAT STRING -\& \-f FORMAT FILE -\& \-n LENGTH Interpret only LENGTH bytes of input -\& \-o Two\-byte octal display -\& \-s OFFSET Skip OFFSET bytes -\& \-v Display all input data -\& \-x Two\-byte hexadecimal display -\& \-R Reverse of \*(Aqhexdump \-Cv\*(Aq -.Ve -.IP "\fBhostid\fR" 4 -.IX Item "hostid" -hostid -.Sp -Print out a unique 32\-bit identifier for the machine -.IP "\fBhostname\fR" 4 -.IX Item "hostname" -hostname [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1HOSTNAME\s0 | \-F \s-1FILE\s0] -.Sp -Get or set hostname or \s-1DNS\s0 domain name -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 5 -\& \-s Short -\& \-i Addresses for the hostname -\& \-d DNS domain name -\& \-f Fully qualified domain name -\& \-F FILE Use FILE\*(Aqs content as hostname -.Ve -.IP "\fBhttpd\fR" 4 -.IX Item "httpd" -httpd [\-ifv[v]] [\-c \s-1CONFFILE\s0] [\-p [\s-1IP:\s0]PORT] [\-u USER[:GRP]] [\-r \s-1REALM\s0] [\-h \s-1HOME\s0] -or httpd \-d/\-e/\-m \s-1STRING\s0 -.Sp -Listen for incoming \s-1HTTP\s0 requests -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 11 -\& \-i Inetd mode -\& \-f Do not daemonize -\& \-v[v] Verbose -\& \-c FILE Configuration file (default httpd.conf) -\& \-p [IP:]PORT Bind to ip:port (default *:80) -\& \-u USER[:GRP] Set uid/gid after binding to port -\& \-r REALM Authentication Realm for Basic Authentication -\& \-h HOME Home directory (default .) -\& \-m STRING MD5 crypt STRING -\& \-e STRING HTML encode STRING -\& \-d STRING URL decode STRING -.Ve -.IP "\fBhwclock\fR" 4 -.IX Item "hwclock" -hwclock [\-r|\-\-show] [\-s|\-\-hctosys] [\-w|\-\-systohc] [\-l|\-\-localtime] [\-u|\-\-utc] [\-f \s-1FILE\s0] -.Sp -Query and set hardware clock (\s-1RTC\s0) -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 6 -\& \-r Show hardware clock time -\& \-s Set system time from hardware clock -\& \-w Set hardware clock to system time -\& \-u Hardware clock is in UTC -\& \-l Hardware clock is in local time -\& \-f FILE Use specified device (e.g. /dev/rtc2) -.Ve -.IP "\fBid\fR" 4 -.IX Item "id" -id [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1USER\s0] -.Sp -Print information about \s-1USER\s0 or the current user -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 5 -\& \-u Print user ID -\& \-g Print group ID -\& \-G Print supplementary group IDs -\& \-n Print name instead of a number -\& \-r Print real user ID instead of effective ID -.Ve -.IP "\fBifconfig\fR" 4 -.IX Item "ifconfig" -ifconfig [\-a] interface [address] -.Sp -Configure a network interface -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 10 -\& [add ADDRESS[/PREFIXLEN]] -\& [del ADDRESS[/PREFIXLEN]] -\& [[\-]broadcast [ADDRESS]] [[\-]pointopoint [ADDRESS]] -\& [netmask ADDRESS] [dstaddr ADDRESS] -\& [outfill NN] [keepalive NN] -\& [hw ether|infiniband ADDRESS] [metric NN] [mtu NN] -\& [[\-]trailers] [[\-]arp] [[\-]allmulti] -\& [multicast] [[\-]promisc] [txqueuelen NN] [[\-]dynamic] -\& [mem_start NN] [io_addr NN] [irq NN] -\& [up|down] ... -.Ve -.IP "\fBifdown\fR" 4 -.IX Item "ifdown" -ifdown [\-ainmvf] ifaces... -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 7 -\& \-a De/configure all interfaces automatically -\& \-i FILE Use FILE for interface definitions -\& \-n Print out what would happen, but don\*(Aqt do it -\& (note: doesn\*(Aqt disable mappings) -\& \-m Don\*(Aqt run any mappings -\& \-v Print out what would happen before doing it -\& \-f Force de/configuration -.Ve -.IP "\fBifenslave\fR" 4 -.IX Item "ifenslave" -ifenslave [\-cdf] master-iface -.Sp -Configure network interfaces for parallel routing -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 3 -\& \-c, \-\-change\-active Change active slave -\& \-d, \-\-detach Remove slave interface from bonding device -\& \-f, \-\-force Force, even if interface is not Ethernet -.Ve -.IP "\fBifplugd\fR" 4 -.IX Item "ifplugd" -ifplugd [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] -.Sp -Network interface plug detection daemon -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 10 -\& \-n Do not daemonize -\& \-s Do not log to syslog -\& \-i IFACE Interface -\& \-f/\-F Treat link detection error as link down/link up -\& (otherwise exit on error) -\& \-a Do not up interface automatically -\& \-M Monitor creation/destruction of interface -\& (otherwise it must exist) -\& \-r PROG Script to run -\& \-x ARG Extra argument for script -\& \-I Don\*(Aqt exit on nonzero exit code from script -\& \-p Don\*(Aqt run script on daemon startup -\& \-q Don\*(Aqt run script on daemon quit -\& \-l Run script on startup even if no cable is detected -\& \-t SECS Poll time in seconds -\& \-u SECS Delay before running script after link up -\& \-d SECS Delay after link down -\& \-m MODE API mode (mii, priv, ethtool, wlan, auto) -\& \-k Kill running daemon -.Ve -.IP "\fBifup\fR" 4 -.IX Item "ifup" -ifup [\-ainmvf] ifaces... -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 7 -\& \-a De/configure all interfaces automatically -\& \-i FILE Use FILE for interface definitions -\& \-n Print out what would happen, but don\*(Aqt do it -\& (note: doesn\*(Aqt disable mappings) -\& \-m Don\*(Aqt run any mappings -\& \-v Print out what would happen before doing it -\& \-f Force de/configuration -.Ve -.IP "\fBinetd\fR" 4 -.IX Item "inetd" -inetd [\-fe] [\-q N] [\-R N] [\s-1CONFFILE\s0] -.Sp -Listen for network connections and launch programs -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 5 -\& \-f Run in foreground -\& \-e Log to stderr -\& \-q N Socket listen queue (default: 128) -\& \-R N Pause services after N connects/min -\& (default: 0 \- disabled) -.Ve -.IP "\fBinit\fR" 4 -.IX Item "init" -init -.Sp -Init is the parent of all processes -.IP "\fBinotifyd\fR" 4 -.IX Item "inotifyd" -inotifyd \s-1PROG\s0 FILE1[:MASK] ... -.Sp -Run \s-1PROG\s0 on filesystem changes. -When a filesystem event matching \s-1MASK\s0 occurs on FILEn, -\&\s-1PROG\s0 [] is run. -Events: -.Sp -.Vb 12 -\& a File is accessed -\& c File is modified -\& e Metadata changed -\& w Writable file is closed -\& 0 Unwritable file is closed -\& r File is opened -\& D File is deleted -\& M File is moved -\& u Backing fs is unmounted -\& o Event queue overflowed -\& x File can\*(Aqt be watched anymore -\&If watching a directory: -\& -\& m Subfile is moved into dir -\& y Subfile is moved out of dir -\& n Subfile is created -\& d Subfile is deleted -.Ve -.Sp -inotifyd waits for \s-1PROG\s0 to exit. -When x event happens for all FILEs, inotifyd exits -.IP "\fBinsmod\fR" 4 -.IX Item "insmod" -insmod [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1MODULE\s0 [symbol=value]... -.Sp -Load the specified kernel modules into the kernel -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 8 -\& \-f Force module to load into the wrong kernel version -\& \-k Make module autoclean\-able -\& \-v Verbose -\& \-q Quiet -\& \-L Lock to prevent simultaneous loads of a module -\& \-m Output load map to stdout -\& \-o NAME Set internal module name to NAME -\& \-x Do not export externs -.Ve -.IP "\fBinstall\fR" 4 -.IX Item "install" -install [\-cdDsp] [\-o \s-1USER\s0] [\-g \s-1GRP\s0] [\-m \s-1MODE\s0] [source] dest|directory -.Sp -Copy files and set attributes -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 8 -\& \-c Just copy (default) -\& \-d Create directories -\& \-D Create leading target directories -\& \-s Strip symbol table -\& \-p Preserve date -\& \-o USER Set ownership -\& \-g GRP Set group ownership -\& \-m MODE Set permissions -.Ve -.IP "\fBionice\fR" 4 -.IX Item "ionice" -ionice [\-c 1\-3] [\-n 0\-7] [\-p \s-1PID\s0] [\s-1PROG\s0] -.Sp -Change I/O scheduling class and priority -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 2 -\& \-c Class. 1:realtime 2:best\-effort 3:idle -\& \-n Priority -.Ve -.IP "\fBip\fR" 4 -.IX Item "ip" -ip [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] {address | route | link | tunnel | rule} {\s-1COMMAND\s0} -.Sp -ip [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1OBJECT\s0 {\s-1COMMAND\s0} -where \s-1OBJECT\s0 := {address | route | link | tunnel | rule} -\&\s-1OPTIONS\s0 := { \-f[amily] { inet | inet6 | link } | \-o[neline] } -.IP "\fBipaddr\fR" 4 -.IX Item "ipaddr" -ipaddr { {add|del} \s-1IFADDR\s0 dev \s-1STRING\s0 | {show|flush} - [dev \s-1STRING\s0] [to \s-1PREFIX\s0] } -.Sp -ipaddr {add|delete} \s-1IFADDR\s0 dev \s-1STRING\s0 -ipaddr {show|flush} [dev \s-1STRING\s0] [scope \s-1SCOPE\-ID\s0] - [to \s-1PREFIX\s0] [label \s-1PATTERN\s0] - \s-1IFADDR\s0 := \s-1PREFIX\s0 | \s-1ADDR\s0 peer \s-1PREFIX\s0 - [broadcast \s-1ADDR\s0] [anycast \s-1ADDR\s0] - [label \s-1STRING\s0] [scope \s-1SCOPE\-ID\s0] - SCOPE-ID := [host | link | global | \s-1NUMBER\s0] -.IP "\fBipcalc\fR" 4 -.IX Item "ipcalc" -ipcalc [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] ADDRESS[[/]NETMASK] [\s-1NETMASK\s0] -.Sp -Calculate \s-1IP\s0 network settings from a \s-1IP\s0 address -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 6 -\& \-b,\-\-broadcast Display calculated broadcast address -\& \-n,\-\-network Display calculated network address -\& \-m,\-\-netmask Display default netmask for IP -\& \-p,\-\-prefix Display the prefix for IP/NETMASK -\& \-h,\-\-hostname Display first resolved host name -\& \-s,\-\-silent Don\*(Aqt ever display error messages -.Ve -.IP "\fBipcrm\fR" 4 -.IX Item "ipcrm" -ipcrm [\-MQS key] [\-mqs id] -.Sp -Upper-case options \s-1MQS\s0 remove an object by shmkey value. -Lower-case options remove an object by shmid value. -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 3 -\& \-mM Remove memory segment after last detach -\& \-qQ Remove message queue -\& \-sS Remove semaphore -.Ve -.IP "\fBipcs\fR" 4 -.IX Item "ipcs" -ipcs [[\-smq] \-i shmid] | [[\-asmq] [\-tcplu]] -.Sp -.Vb 2 -\& \-i Show specific resource -\&Resource specification: -\& -\& \-m Shared memory segments -\& \-q Message queues -\& \-s Semaphore arrays -\& \-a All (default) -\&Output format: -\& -\& \-t Time -\& \-c Creator -\& \-p Pid -\& \-l Limits -\& \-u Summary -.Ve -.IP "\fBiplink\fR" 4 -.IX Item "iplink" -iplink { set \s-1DEVICE\s0 { up | down | arp { on | off } | show [\s-1DEVICE\s0] } -.Sp -iplink set \s-1DEVICE\s0 { up | down | arp | multicast { on | off } | - dynamic { on | off } | - mtu \s-1MTU\s0 } -iplink show [\s-1DEVICE\s0] -.IP "\fBiproute\fR" 4 -.IX Item "iproute" -iproute { list | flush | { add | del | change | append | - replace | monitor } \s-1ROUTE\s0 } -.Sp -iproute { list | flush } \s-1SELECTOR\s0 -iproute get \s-1ADDRESS\s0 [from \s-1ADDRESS\s0 iif \s-1STRING\s0] - [oif \s-1STRING\s0] [tos \s-1TOS\s0] -iproute { add | del | change | append | replace | monitor } \s-1ROUTE\s0 - \s-1SELECTOR\s0 := [root \s-1PREFIX\s0] [match \s-1PREFIX\s0] [proto \s-1RTPROTO\s0] - \s-1ROUTE\s0 := [\s-1TYPE\s0] \s-1PREFIX\s0 [tos \s-1TOS\s0] [proto \s-1RTPROTO\s0] - [metric \s-1METRIC\s0] -.IP "\fBiprule\fR" 4 -.IX Item "iprule" -iprule {[list | add | del] \s-1RULE\s0} -.Sp -iprule [list | add | del] \s-1SELECTOR\s0 \s-1ACTION\s0 - \s-1SELECTOR\s0 := [from \s-1PREFIX\s0] [to \s-1PREFIX\s0] [tos \s-1TOS\s0] [fwmark \s-1FWMARK\s0] - [dev \s-1STRING\s0] [pref \s-1NUMBER\s0] - \s-1ACTION\s0 := [table \s-1TABLE_ID\s0] [nat \s-1ADDRESS\s0] - [prohibit | reject | unreachable] - [realms [\s-1SRCREALM/\s0]DSTREALM] - \s-1TABLE_ID\s0 := [local | main | default | \s-1NUMBER\s0] -.IP "\fBiptunnel\fR" 4 -.IX Item "iptunnel" -iptunnel { add | change | del | show } [\s-1NAME\s0] - [mode { ipip | gre | sit }] - [remote \s-1ADDR\s0] [local \s-1ADDR\s0] [ttl \s-1TTL\s0] -.Sp -iptunnel { add | change | del | show } [\s-1NAME\s0] - [mode { ipip | gre | sit }] [remote \s-1ADDR\s0] [local \s-1ADDR\s0] - [[i|o]seq] [[i|o]key \s-1KEY\s0] [[i|o]csum] - [ttl \s-1TTL\s0] [tos \s-1TOS\s0] [[no]pmtudisc] [dev \s-1PHYS_DEV\s0] -.IP "\fBkbd_mode\fR" 4 -.IX Item "kbd_mode" -kbd_mode [\-a|k|s|u] [\-C \s-1TTY\s0] -.Sp -Report or set the keyboard mode -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 5 -\& \-a Default (ASCII) -\& \-k Medium\-raw (keyboard) -\& \-s Raw (scancode) -\& \-u Unicode (utf\-8) -\& \-C TTY Affect TTY instead of /dev/tty -.Ve -.IP "\fBkill\fR" 4 -.IX Item "kill" -kill [\-l] [\-SIG] \s-1PID\s0... -.Sp -Send a signal (default: \s-1TERM\s0) to given PIDs -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 1 -\& \-l List all signal names and numbers -.Ve -.IP "\fBkillall\fR" 4 -.IX Item "killall" -killall [\-l] [\-q] [\-SIG] process-name... -.Sp -Send a signal (default: \s-1TERM\s0) to given processes -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 2 -\& \-l List all signal names and numbers -\& \-q Do not complain if no processes were killed -.Ve -.IP "\fBkillall5\fR" 4 -.IX Item "killall5" -killall5 [\-l] [\-SIG] [\-o \s-1PID\s0]... -.Sp -Send a signal (default: \s-1TERM\s0) to all processes outside current session -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 2 -\& \-l List all signal names and numbers -\& \-o PID Do not signal this PID -.Ve -.IP "\fBklogd\fR" 4 -.IX Item "klogd" -klogd [\-c N] [\-n] -.Sp -Kernel logger -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 2 -\& \-c N Only messages with level < N are printed to console -\& \-n Run in foreground -.Ve -.IP "\fBlast\fR" 4 -.IX Item "last" -last [\-HW] [\-f file] -.Sp -Show listing of the last users that logged into the system -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 2 -\& \-W Display with no host column truncation -\& \-f file Read from file instead of /var/log/wtmp -.Ve -.IP "\fBlength\fR" 4 -.IX Item "length" -length \s-1STRING\s0 -.Sp -Print \s-1STRING\s0's length -.IP "\fBless\fR" 4 -.IX Item "less" -less [\-EMNmh~I?] [\s-1FILE\s0]... -.Sp -View a file or list of files. The position within files can be -changed, and files can be manipulated in various ways. -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 6 -\& \-E Quit once the end of a file is reached -\& \-M,\-m Display status line with line numbers -\& and percentage through the file -\& \-N Prefix line number to each line -\& \-I Ignore case in all searches -\& \-~ Suppress ~s displayed past the end of the file -.Ve -.IP "\fBln\fR" 4 -.IX Item "ln" -ln [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1TARGET\s0... LINK|DIRECTORY -.Sp -Create a link \s-1LINK\s0 or \s-1DIRECTORY/TARGET\s0 to the specified \s-1TARGET\s0(s) -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 5 -\& \-s Make symlinks instead of hardlinks -\& \-f Remove existing destination files -\& \-n Don\*(Aqt dereference symlinks \- treat like normal file -\& \-b Make a backup of the target (if exists) before link operation -\& \-S suf Use suffix instead of ~ when making backup files -.Ve -.IP "\fBloadfont\fR" 4 -.IX Item "loadfont" -loadfont < font -.Sp -Load a console font from standard input -.IP "\fBloadkmap\fR" 4 -.IX Item "loadkmap" -loadkmap < keymap -.Sp -Load a binary keyboard translation table from standard input -.IP "\fBlogger\fR" 4 -.IX Item "logger" -logger [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1MESSAGE\s0] -.Sp -Write \s-1MESSAGE\s0 to the system log. If \s-1MESSAGE\s0 is omitted, log stdin. -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 3 -\& \-s Log to stderr as well as the system log -\& \-t TAG Log using the specified tag (defaults to user name) -\& \-p PRIO Priority (numeric or facility.level pair) -.Ve -.IP "\fBlogin\fR" 4 -.IX Item "login" -login [\-p] [\-h \s-1HOST\s0] [[\-f] \s-1USER\s0] -.Sp -Begin a new session on the system -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 3 -\& \-f Do not authenticate (user already authenticated) -\& \-h Name of the remote host -\& \-p Preserve environment -.Ve -.IP "\fBlogname\fR" 4 -.IX Item "logname" -logname -.Sp -Print the name of the current user -.IP "\fBlogread\fR" 4 -.IX Item "logread" -logread [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] -.Sp -Show messages in syslogd's circular buffer -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 1 -\& \-f Output data as log grows -.Ve -.IP "\fBlosetup\fR" 4 -.IX Item "losetup" -losetup [\-o \s-1OFS\s0] \s-1LOOPDEV\s0 \s-1FILE\s0 \- associate loop devices - losetup \-d \s-1LOOPDEV\s0 \- disassociate - losetup [\-f] \- show -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 2 -\& \-o OFS Start OFS bytes into FILE -\& \-f Show first free loop device -.Ve -.IP "\fBlpd\fR" 4 -.IX Item "lpd" -lpd \s-1SPOOLDIR\s0 [\s-1HELPER\s0 [\s-1ARGS\s0]] -.Sp -\&\s-1SPOOLDIR\s0 must contain (symlinks to) device nodes or directories -with names matching print queue names. In the first case, jobs are -sent directly to the device. Otherwise each job is stored in queue -directory and \s-1HELPER\s0 program is called. Name of file to print -is passed in \f(CW$DATAFILE\fR variable. -Example: -.Sp -.Vb 1 -\& tcpsvd \-E 0 515 softlimit \-m 999999 lpd /var/spool ./print -.Ve -.IP "\fBlpq\fR" 4 -.IX Item "lpq" -lpq [\-P queue[@host[:port]]] [\-U \s-1USERNAME\s0] [\-d \s-1JOBID\s0...] [\-fs] -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 4 -\& \-P lp service to connect to (else uses $PRINTER) -\& \-d Delete jobs -\& \-f Force any waiting job to be printed -\& \-s Short display -.Ve -.IP "\fBlpr\fR" 4 -.IX Item "lpr" -lpr \-P queue[@host[:port]] \-U \s-1USERNAME\s0 \-J \s-1TITLE\s0 \-Vmh [\s-1FILE\s0]... -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 4 -\& \-P lp service to connect to (else uses $PRINTER) -\& \-m Send mail on completion -\& \-h Print banner page too -\& \-V Verbose -.Ve -.IP "\fBls\fR" 4 -.IX Item "ls" -ls [\-1AacCdeFilnpLRrSsTtuvwxXhk] [\s-1FILE\s0]... -.Sp -List directory contents -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 10 -\& \-1 List in a single column -\& \-A Don\*(Aqt list . and .. -\& \-a Don\*(Aqt hide entries starting with . -\& \-C List by columns -\& \-c With \-l: sort by ctime -\& \-\-color[={always,never,auto}] Control coloring -\& \-d List directory entries instead of contents -\& \-e List full date and time -\& \-F Append indicator (one of */=@|) to entries -\& \-i List inode numbers -\& \-l Long listing format -\& \-n List numeric UIDs and GIDs instead of names -\& \-p Append indicator (one of /=@|) to entries -\& \-L List entries pointed to by symlinks -\& \-R List subdirectories recursively -\& \-r Sort in reverse order -\& \-S Sort by file size -\& \-s List the size of each file, in blocks -\& \-T NUM Assume tabstop every NUM columns -\& \-t With \-l: sort by modification time -\& \-u With \-l: sort by access time -\& \-v Sort by version -\& \-w NUM Assume the terminal is NUM columns wide -\& \-x List by lines -\& \-X Sort by extension -\& \-h List sizes in human readable format (1K 243M 2G) -.Ve -.IP "\fBlsattr\fR" 4 -.IX Item "lsattr" -lsattr [\-Radlv] [\s-1FILE\s0]... -.Sp -List file attributes on an ext2 fs -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 5 -\& \-R Recursively list subdirectories -\& \-a Do not hide entries starting with . -\& \-d List directory entries instead of contents -\& \-l List long flag names -\& \-v List the file\*(Aqs version/generation number -.Ve -.IP "\fBlsmod\fR" 4 -.IX Item "lsmod" -lsmod -.Sp -List the currently loaded kernel modules -.IP "\fBlzmacat\fR" 4 -.IX Item "lzmacat" -lzmacat \s-1FILE\s0 -.Sp -Uncompress to stdout -.IP "\fBlzop\fR" 4 -.IX Item "lzop" -lzop [\-cfvd123456789CF] [\s-1FILE\s0]... -.Sp -.Vb 7 -\& \-c Write to standard output -\& \-f Force -\& \-v Verbose -\& \-d Decompress -\& \-F Don\*(Aqt store or verify checksum -\& \-C Also write checksum of compressed block -\& \-1..9 Compression level -.Ve -.IP "\fBlzopcat\fR" 4 -.IX Item "lzopcat" -lzopcat [\-vCF] [\s-1FILE\s0]... -.Sp -.Vb 2 -\& \-v Verbose -\& \-F Don\*(Aqt store or verify checksum -.Ve -.IP "\fBmakemime\fR" 4 -.IX Item "makemime" -makemime [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]... -.Sp -Create multipart MIME-encoded message from FILEs -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 5 -\& \-o FILE Output. Default: stdout -\& \-a HDR Add header. Examples: -\& "From: user@host.org", "Date: \`date \-R\`" -\& \-c CT Content type. Default: text/plain -\& \-C CS Charset. Default: us\-ascii -.Ve -.Sp -Other options are silently ignored -.IP "\fBman\fR" 4 -.IX Item "man" -man [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1MANPAGE\s0]... -.Sp -Format and display manual page -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 2 -\& \-a Display all pages -\& \-w Show page locations -.Ve -.IP "\fBmd5sum\fR" 4 -.IX Item "md5sum" -md5sum [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]... - or: md5sum [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \-c [\s-1FILE\s0] -.Sp -Print or check \s-1MD5\s0 checksums -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 3 -\& \-c Check sums against given list -\& \-s Don\*(Aqt output anything, status code shows success -\& \-w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines -.Ve -.IP "\fBmdev\fR" 4 -.IX Item "mdev" -mdev [\-s] -.Sp -.Vb 1 -\& \-s Scan /sys and populate /dev during system boot -.Ve -.Sp -It can be run by kernel as a hotplug helper. To activate it: - echo /bin/mdev >/proc/sys/kernel/hotplug -It uses /etc/mdev.conf with lines -[\-]DEVNAME \s-1UID:GID\s0 \s-1PERM\s0 [>|=PATH] [@|$|*PROG] -.IP "\fBmesg\fR" 4 -.IX Item "mesg" -mesg [y|n] -.Sp -Control write access to your terminal - y Allow write access to your terminal - n Disallow write access to your terminal -.IP "\fBmicrocom\fR" 4 -.IX Item "microcom" -microcom [\-d \s-1DELAY\s0] [\-t \s-1TIMEOUT\s0] [\-s \s-1SPEED\s0] [\-X] \s-1TTY\s0 -.Sp -Copy bytes for stdin to \s-1TTY\s0 and from \s-1TTY\s0 to stdout -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 5 -\& \-d Wait up to DELAY ms for TTY output before sending every -\& next byte to it -\& \-t Exit if both stdin and TTY are silent for TIMEOUT ms -\& \-s Set serial line to SPEED -\& \-X Disable special meaning of NUL and Ctrl\-X from stdin -.Ve -.IP "\fBmkdir\fR" 4 -.IX Item "mkdir" -mkdir [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1DIRECTORY\s0... -.Sp -Create \s-1DIRECTORY\s0 -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 2 -\& \-m Mode -\& \-p No error if exists; make parent directories as needed -.Ve -.IP "\fBmkdosfs\fR" 4 -.IX Item "mkdosfs" -mkdosfs [\-v] [\-n \s-1LABEL\s0] \s-1FILE_OR_DEVICE\s0 [\s-1SIZE_IN_KB\s0] -.Sp -Make a \s-1FAT32\s0 filesystem -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 2 -\& \-v Verbose -\& \-n LBL Volume label -.Ve -.IP "\fBmkfifo\fR" 4 -.IX Item "mkfifo" -mkfifo [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] name -.Sp -Create named pipe (identical to 'mknod name p') -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 1 -\& \-m MODE Mode (default a=rw) -.Ve -.IP "\fBmkfs.minix\fR" 4 -.IX Item "mkfs.minix" -mkfs.minix [\-c | \-l filename] [\-nXX] [\-iXX] /dev/name [blocks] -.Sp -Make a \s-1MINIX\s0 filesystem -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 5 -\& \-c Check device for bad blocks -\& \-n [14|30] Maximum length of filenames -\& \-i INODES Number of inodes for the filesystem -\& \-l FILENAME Read bad blocks list from FILENAME -\& \-v Make version 2 filesystem -.Ve -.IP "\fBmkfs.vfat\fR" 4 -.IX Item "mkfs.vfat" -mkfs.vfat [\-v] [\-n \s-1LABEL\s0] \s-1FILE_OR_DEVICE\s0 [\s-1SIZE_IN_KB\s0] -.Sp -Make a \s-1FAT32\s0 filesystem -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 2 -\& \-v Verbose -\& \-n LBL Volume label -.Ve -.IP "\fBmknod\fR" 4 -.IX Item "mknod" -mknod [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1NAME\s0 \s-1TYPE\s0 \s-1MAJOR\s0 \s-1MINOR\s0 -.Sp -Create a special file (block, character, or pipe) -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 2 -\& \-m Create the special file using the specified mode (default a=rw) -\&TYPEs include: -\& -\& b: Make a block device -\& c or u: Make a character device -\& p: Make a named pipe (MAJOR and MINOR are ignored) -.Ve -.IP "\fBmkpasswd\fR" 4 -.IX Item "mkpasswd" -mkpasswd [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1PASSWORD\s0] [\s-1SALT\s0] -.Sp -Crypt the \s-1PASSWORD\s0 using \fIcrypt\fR\|(3) -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 3 -\& \-P,\-\-password\-fd=NUM Read password from fd NUM -\& \-m,\-\-method=TYPE Encryption method TYPE -\& \-S,\-\-salt=SALT -.Ve -.IP "\fBmkswap\fR" 4 -.IX Item "mkswap" -mkswap \s-1DEVICE\s0 -.Sp -Prepare block device to be used as swap partition -.IP "\fBmktemp\fR" 4 -.IX Item "mktemp" -mktemp [\-dt] [\-p \s-1DIR\s0] [\s-1TEMPLATE\s0] -.Sp -Create a temporary file with name based on \s-1TEMPLATE\s0 and print its name. -\&\s-1TEMPLATE\s0 must end with \s-1XXXXXX\s0 (e.g. [/dir/]nameXXXXXX). -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 3 -\& \-d Make a directory instead of a file -\& \-t Generate a path rooted in temporary directory -\& \-p DIR Use DIR as a temporary directory (implies \-t) -.Ve -.Sp -For \-t or \-p, directory is chosen as follows: -\&\f(CW$TMPDIR\fR if set, else \-p \s-1DIR\s0, else /tmp -.IP "\fBmodprobe\fR" 4 -.IX Item "modprobe" -modprobe [\-knqrsvb] \s-1MODULE\s0 [symbol=value...] -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 7 -\& \-k Make module autoclean\-able -\& \-n Dry run -\& \-q Quiet -\& \-r Remove module (stacks) or do autoclean -\& \-s Report via syslog instead of stderr -\& \-v Verbose -\& \-b Apply blacklist to module names too -.Ve -.IP "\fBmore\fR" 4 -.IX Item "more" -more [\s-1FILE\s0]... -.Sp -View \s-1FILE\s0 or standard input one screenful at a time -.IP "\fBmount\fR" 4 -.IX Item "mount" -mount [flags] \s-1DEVICE\s0 \s-1NODE\s0 [\-o \s-1OPT\s0,OPT] -.Sp -Mount a filesystem. Filesystem autodetection requires /proc. -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 10 -\& \-a Mount all filesystems in fstab -\& \-f Dry run -\& \-i Don\*(Aqt run mount helper -\& \-r Read\-only mount -\& \-w Read\-write mount (default) -\& \-t FSTYPE Filesystem type -\& \-O OPT Mount only filesystems with option OPT (\-a only) -\&\-o OPT: -\& loop Ignored (loop devices are autodetected) -\& [a]sync Writes are [a]synchronous -\& [no]atime Disable/enable updates to inode access times -\& [no]diratime Disable/enable atime updates to directories -\& [no]relatime Disable/enable atime updates relative to modification time -\& [no]dev (Dis)allow use of special device files -\& [no]exec (Dis)allow use of executable files -\& [no]suid (Dis)allow set\-user\-id\-root programs -\& [r]shared Convert [recursively] to a shared subtree -\& [r]slave Convert [recursively] to a slave subtree -\& [r]private Convert [recursively] to a private subtree -\& [un]bindable Make mount point [un]able to be bind mounted -\& bind Bind a directory to an additional location -\& move Relocate an existing mount point -\& remount Remount a mounted filesystem, changing its flags -\& ro/rw Read\-only/read\-write mount -.Ve -.Sp -There are \s-1EVEN\s0 \s-1MORE\s0 flags that are specific to each filesystem -You'll have to see the written documentation for those filesystems -.IP "\fBmountpoint\fR" 4 -.IX Item "mountpoint" -mountpoint [\-q] <[\-dn] \s-1DIR\s0 | \-x \s-1DEVICE\s0> -.Sp -Check if the directory is a mountpoint -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 4 -\& \-q Quiet -\& \-d Print major/minor device number of the filesystem -\& \-n Print device name of the filesystem -\& \-x Print major/minor device number of the blockdevice -.Ve -.IP "\fBmt\fR" 4 -.IX Item "mt" -mt [\-f device] opcode value -.Sp -Control magnetic tape drive operation -.Sp -Available Opcodes: -.Sp -bsf bsfm bsr bss datacompression drvbuffer eof eom erase -fsf fsfm fsr fss load lock mkpart nop offline ras1 ras2 -ras3 reset retension rewind rewoffline seek setblk setdensity -setpart tell unload unlock weof wset -.IP "\fBmv\fR" 4 -.IX Item "mv" -mv [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1SOURCE\s0 \s-1DEST\s0 -or: mv [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1SOURCE\s0... \s-1DIRECTORY\s0 -.Sp -Rename \s-1SOURCE\s0 to \s-1DEST\s0, or move \s-1SOURCE\s0(s) to \s-1DIRECTORY\s0 -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 2 -\& \-f Don\*(Aqt prompt before overwriting -\& \-i Interactive, prompt before overwrite -.Ve -.IP "\fBnameif\fR" 4 -.IX Item "nameif" -nameif [\-s] [\-c \s-1FILE\s0] [{\s-1IFNAME\s0 \s-1MACADDR\s0}] -.Sp -Rename network interface while it in the down state -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 3 -\& \-c FILE Use configuration file (default: /etc/mactab) -\& \-s Use syslog (LOCAL0 facility) -\& IFNAME MACADDR new_interface_name interface_mac_address -.Ve -.IP "\fBnc\fR" 4 -.IX Item "nc" -nc [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1HOST\s0 \s-1PORT\s0 \- connect -nc [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \-l \-p \s-1PORT\s0 [\s-1HOST\s0] [\s-1PORT\s0] \- listen -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 11 -\& \-e PROG Run PROG after connect (must be last) -\& \-l Listen mode, for inbound connects -\& \-n Don\*(Aqt do DNS resolution -\& \-s ADDR Local address -\& \-p PORT Local port -\& \-u UDP mode -\& \-v Verbose -\& \-w SEC Timeout for connects and final net reads -\& \-i SEC Delay interval for lines sent -\& \-o FILE Hex dump traffic -\& \-z Zero\-I/O mode (scanning) -.Ve -.IP "\fBnetstat\fR" 4 -.IX Item "netstat" -netstat [\-laentuwxrWp] -.Sp -Display networking information -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 11 -\& \-l Display listening server sockets -\& \-a Display all sockets (default: connected) -\& \-e Display other/more information -\& \-n Don\*(Aqt resolve names -\& \-t Tcp sockets -\& \-u Udp sockets -\& \-w Raw sockets -\& \-x Unix sockets -\& \-r Display routing table -\& \-W Display with no column truncation -\& \-p Display PID/Program name for sockets -.Ve -.IP "\fBnice\fR" 4 -.IX Item "nice" -nice [\-n \s-1ADJUST\s0] [\s-1PROG\s0 [\s-1ARGS\s0]] -.Sp -Run \s-1PROG\s0 with modified scheduling priority -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 1 -\& \-n ADJUST Adjust priority by ADJUST -.Ve -.IP "\fBnmeter\fR" 4 -.IX Item "nmeter" -nmeter format_string -.Sp -Monitor system in real time -.Sp -Format specifiers: -.Sp -.Vb 10 -\& %Nc or %[cN] Monitor CPU. N \- bar size, default 10 -\& (displays: S:system U:user N:niced D:iowait I:irq i:softirq) -\& %[niface] Monitor network interface \*(Aqiface\*(Aq -\& %m Monitor allocated memory -\& %[mf] Monitor free memory -\& %[mt] Monitor total memory -\& %s Monitor allocated swap -\& %f Monitor number of used file descriptors -\& %Ni Monitor total/specific IRQ rate -\& %x Monitor context switch rate -\& %p Monitor forks -\& %[pn] Monitor # of processes -\& %b Monitor block io -\& %Nt Show time (with N decimal points) -\& %Nd Milliseconds between updates (default:1000) -\& %r Print instead of at EOL -.Ve -.IP "\fBnohup\fR" 4 -.IX Item "nohup" -nohup \s-1PROG\s0 [\s-1ARGS\s0] -.Sp -Run \s-1PROG\s0 immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty -.IP "\fBnslookup\fR" 4 -.IX Item "nslookup" -nslookup [\s-1HOST\s0] [\s-1SERVER\s0] -.Sp -Query the nameserver for the \s-1IP\s0 address of the given \s-1HOST\s0 -optionally using a specified \s-1DNS\s0 server -.IP "\fBod\fR" 4 -.IX Item "od" -od [\-aBbcDdeFfHhIiLlOovXx] [\-t \s-1TYPE\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0] -.Sp -Write an unambiguous representation, octal bytes by default, of \s-1FILE\s0 -to standard output. With no \s-1FILE\s0 or when \s-1FILE\s0 is \-, read standard input. -.IP "\fBopenvt\fR" 4 -.IX Item "openvt" -openvt [\-c N] [\-sw] [\s-1PROG\s0 [\s-1ARGS\s0]] -.Sp -Start \s-1PROG\s0 on a new virtual terminal -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 3 -\& \-c N Use specified VT -\& \-s Switch to the VT -\& \-w Wait for PROG to exit -.Ve -.IP "\fBpasswd\fR" 4 -.IX Item "passwd" -passwd [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1USER\s0] -.Sp -Change \s-1USER\s0's password. If no \s-1USER\s0 is specified, -changes the password for the current user. -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 4 -\& \-a Algorithm to use for password (choices: des, md5) -\& \-d Delete password for the account -\& \-l Lock (disable) account -\& \-u Unlock (re\-enable) account -.Ve -.IP "\fBpatch\fR" 4 -.IX Item "patch" -patch [\-p \s-1NUM\s0] [\-i \s-1DIFF\s0] [\-R] [\-N] -.Sp -.Vb 4 -\& \-p NUM Strip NUM leading components from file names -\& \-i DIFF Read DIFF instead of stdin -\& \-R Reverse patch -\& \-N Ignore already applied patches -.Ve -.IP "\fBpgrep\fR" 4 -.IX Item "pgrep" -pgrep [\-flnovx] [\-s SID|\-P PPID|PATTERN] -.Sp -Display process(es) selected by regex \s-1PATTERN\s0 -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 8 -\& \-l Show command name too -\& \-f Match against entire command line -\& \-n Show the newest process only -\& \-o Show the oldest process only -\& \-v Negate the match -\& \-x Match whole name (not substring) -\& \-s Match session ID (0 for current) -\& \-P Match parent process ID -.Ve -.IP "\fBpidof\fR" 4 -.IX Item "pidof" -pidof [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1NAME\s0...] -.Sp -List PIDs of all processes with names that match NAMEs -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 3 -\& \-s Show only one PID -\& \-o PID Omit given pid -\& Use %PPID to omit pid of pidof\*(Aqs parent -.Ve -.IP "\fBping\fR" 4 -.IX Item "ping" -ping [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1HOST\s0 -.Sp -Send \s-1ICMP\s0 \s-1ECHO_REQUEST\s0 packets to network hosts -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 10 -\& \-4, \-6 Force IPv4 or IPv6 hostname resolution -\& \-c CNT Send only CNT pings -\& \-s SIZE Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default:56) -\& \-I IFACE/IP Use interface or IP address as source -\& \-W SEC Seconds to wait for the first response (default:10) -\& (after all \-c CNT packets are sent) -\& \-w SEC Seconds until ping exits (default:infinite) -\& (can exit earlier with \-c CNT) -\& \-q Quiet, only displays output at start -\& and when finished -.Ve -.IP "\fBping6\fR" 4 -.IX Item "ping6" -ping6 [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1HOST\s0 -.Sp -Send \s-1ICMP\s0 \s-1ECHO_REQUEST\s0 packets to network hosts -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 5 -\& \-c CNT Send only CNT pings -\& \-s SIZE Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default:56) -\& \-I IFACE/IP Use interface or IP address as source -\& \-q Quiet, only displays output at start -\& and when finished -.Ve -.IP "\fBpivot_root\fR" 4 -.IX Item "pivot_root" -pivot_root \s-1NEW_ROOT\s0 \s-1PUT_OLD\s0 -.Sp -Move the current root file system to \s-1PUT_OLD\s0 and make \s-1NEW_ROOT\s0 -the new root file system -.IP "\fBpkill\fR" 4 -.IX Item "pkill" -pkill [\-l|\-SIGNAL] [\-fnovx] [\-s SID|\-P PPID|PATTERN] -.Sp -Send a signal to process(es) selected by regex \s-1PATTERN\s0 -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 8 -\& \-l List all signals -\& \-f Match against entire command line -\& \-n Signal the newest process only -\& \-o Signal the oldest process only -\& \-v Negate the match -\& \-x Match whole name (not substring) -\& \-s Match session ID (0 for current) -\& \-P Match parent process ID -.Ve -.IP "\fBpopmaildir\fR" 4 -.IX Item "popmaildir" -popmaildir [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] Maildir [connection\-helper ...] -.Sp -Fetch content of remote mailbox to local maildir -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 10 -\& \-b Binary mode. Ignored -\& \-d Debug. Ignored -\& \-m Show used memory. Ignored -\& \-V Show version. Ignored -\& \-c Use tcpclient. Ignored -\& \-a Use APOP protocol. Implied. If server supports APOP \-> use it -\& \-s Skip authorization -\& \-T Get messages with TOP instead with RETR -\& \-k Keep retrieved messages on the server -\& \-t timeout Network timeout -\& \-F "program arg1 arg2 ..." Filter by program. May be multiple -\& \-M "program arg1 arg2 ..." Deliver by program -\& \-R size Remove old messages on the server >= size (in bytes). Ignored -\& \-Z N1\-N2 Remove messages from N1 to N2 (dangerous). Ignored -\& \-L size Do not retrieve new messages >= size (in bytes). Ignored -\& \-H lines Type specified number of lines of a message. Ignored -.Ve -.IP "\fBprintenv\fR" 4 -.IX Item "printenv" -printenv [\s-1VARIABLE\s0...] -.Sp -Print all or part of environment. -If no environment \s-1VARIABLE\s0 specified, print them all. -.IP "\fBprintf\fR" 4 -.IX Item "printf" -printf \s-1FORMAT\s0 [\s-1ARGUMENT\s0...] -.Sp -Format and print \s-1ARGUMENT\s0(s) according to \s-1FORMAT\s0, -where \s-1FORMAT\s0 controls the output exactly as in C printf -.IP "\fBps\fR" 4 -.IX Item "ps" -ps -.Sp -Report process status -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 2 -\& \-o col1,col2=header Select columns for display -\& \-T Show threads -.Ve -.IP "\fBpscan\fR" 4 -.IX Item "pscan" -pscan [\-cb] [\-p \s-1MIN_PORT\s0] [\-P \s-1MAX_PORT\s0] [\-t \s-1TIMEOUT\s0] [\-T \s-1MIN_RTT\s0] \s-1HOST\s0 -.Sp -Scan a host, print all open ports -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 6 -\& \-c Show closed ports too -\& \-b Show blocked ports too -\& \-p Scan from this port (default 1) -\& \-P Scan up to this port (default 1024) -\& \-t Timeout (default 5000 ms) -\& \-T Minimum rtt (default 5 ms, increase for congested hosts) -.Ve -.IP "\fBpwd\fR" 4 -.IX Item "pwd" -pwd -.Sp -Print the full filename of the current working directory -.IP "\fBraidautorun\fR" 4 -.IX Item "raidautorun" -raidautorun \s-1DEVICE\s0 -.Sp -Tell the kernel to automatically search and start \s-1RAID\s0 arrays -.IP "\fBrdate\fR" 4 -.IX Item "rdate" -rdate [\-sp] \s-1HOST\s0 -.Sp -Get and possibly set the system date and time from a remote \s-1HOST\s0 -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 2 -\& \-s Set the system date and time (default) -\& \-p Print the date and time -.Ve -.IP "\fBrdev\fR" 4 -.IX Item "rdev" -rdev -.Sp -Print the device node associated with the filesystem mounted at '/' -.IP "\fBreadlink\fR" 4 -.IX Item "readlink" -readlink [\-fnv] \s-1FILE\s0 -.Sp -Display the value of a symlink -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 3 -\& \-f Canonicalize by following all symlinks -\& \-n Don\*(Aqt add newline -\& \-v Verbose -.Ve -.IP "\fBreadprofile\fR" 4 -.IX Item "readprofile" -readprofile [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 10 -\& \-m mapfile (Default: /boot/System.map) -\& \-p profile (Default: /proc/profile) -\& \-M mult Set the profiling multiplier to mult -\& \-i Print only info about the sampling step -\& \-v Verbose -\& \-a Print all symbols, even if count is 0 -\& \-b Print individual histogram\-bin counts -\& \-s Print individual counters within functions -\& \-r Reset all the counters (root only) -\& \-n Disable byte order auto\-detection -.Ve -.IP "\fBrealpath\fR" 4 -.IX Item "realpath" -realpath pathname... -.Sp -Return the absolute pathnames of given argument -.IP "\fBreformime\fR" 4 -.IX Item "reformime" -reformime [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]... -.Sp -Parse MIME-encoded message -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 3 -\& \-x prefix Extract content of MIME sections to files -\& \-X prog [args] Filter content of MIME sections through prog. -\& Must be the last option -.Ve -.Sp -Other options are silently ignored. -.IP "\fBrenice\fR" 4 -.IX Item "renice" -renice {{\-n \s-1INCREMENT\s0} | \s-1PRIORITY\s0} [[\-p | \-g | \-u] \s-1ID\s0...] -.Sp -Change priority of running processes -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 4 -\& \-n Adjust current nice value (smaller is faster) -\& \-p Process id(s) (default) -\& \-g Process group id(s) -\& \-u Process user name(s) and/or id(s) -.Ve -.IP "\fBreset\fR" 4 -.IX Item "reset" -reset -.Sp -Reset the screen -.IP "\fBresize\fR" 4 -.IX Item "resize" -resize -.Sp -Resize the screen -.IP "\fBrm\fR" 4 -.IX Item "rm" -rm [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1FILE\s0... -.Sp -Remove (unlink) the \s-1FILE\s0(s). Use '\-\-' to -indicate that all following arguments are non-options. -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 3 -\& \-i Always prompt before removing -\& \-f Never prompt -\& \-r,\-R Remove directories recursively -.Ve -.IP "\fBrmdir\fR" 4 -.IX Item "rmdir" -rmdir [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1DIRECTORY\s0... -.Sp -Remove the \s-1DIRECTORY\s0, if it is empty -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 2 -\& \-p|\-\-parents Include parents -\& \-\-ignore\-fail\-on\-non\-empty -.Ve -.IP "\fBrmmod\fR" 4 -.IX Item "rmmod" -rmmod [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1MODULE\s0]... -.Sp -Unload the specified kernel modules from the kernel -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 3 -\& \-w Wait until the module is no longer used -\& \-f Force unloading -\& \-a Remove all unused modules (recursively) -.Ve -.IP "\fBroute\fR" 4 -.IX Item "route" -route [{add|del|delete}] -.Sp -Edit kernel routing tables -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 3 -\& \-n Don\*(Aqt resolve names -\& \-e Display other/more information -\& \-A inet{6} Select address family -.Ve -.IP "\fBrpm\fR" 4 -.IX Item "rpm" -rpm \-i \-q[ildc]p package.rpm -.Sp -Manipulate \s-1RPM\s0 packages -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 7 -\& \-i Install package -\& \-q Query package -\& \-p Query uninstalled package -\& \-i Show information -\& \-l List contents -\& \-d List documents -\& \-c List config files -.Ve -.IP "\fBrpm2cpio\fR" 4 -.IX Item "rpm2cpio" -rpm2cpio package.rpm -.Sp -Output a cpio archive of the rpm file -.IP "\fBrtcwake\fR" 4 -.IX Item "rtcwake" -rtcwake [\-a | \-l | \-u] [\-d \s-1DEV\s0] [\-m \s-1MODE\s0] [\-s \s-1SEC\s0 | \-t \s-1TIME\s0] -.Sp -Enter a system sleep state until specified wakeup time -.Sp -.Vb 7 -\& \-a,\-\-auto Read clock mode from adjtime -\& \-l,\-\-local Clock is set to local time -\& \-u,\-\-utc Clock is set to UTC time -\& \-d,\-\-device=DEV Specify the RTC device -\& \-m,\-\-mode=MODE Set the sleep state (default: standby) -\& \-s,\-\-seconds=SEC Set the timeout in SEC seconds from now -\& \-t,\-\-time=TIME Set the timeout to TIME seconds from epoch -.Ve -.IP "\fBrun-parts\fR" 4 -.IX Item "run-parts" -run-parts [\-t] [\-l] [\-a \s-1ARG\s0] [\-u \s-1MASK\s0] \s-1DIRECTORY\s0 -.Sp -Run a bunch of scripts in a directory -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 4 -\& \-t Print what would be run, but don\*(Aqt actually run anything -\& \-a ARG Pass ARG as argument for every program -\& \-u MASK Set the umask to MASK before running every program -\& \-l Print names of all matching files even if they are not executable -.Ve -.IP "\fBrunlevel\fR" 4 -.IX Item "runlevel" -runlevel [utmp] -.Sp -Find the current and previous system runlevel -.Sp -If no utmp file exists or if no runlevel record can be found, -print \*(L"unknown\*(R" -.IP "\fBrunsv\fR" 4 -.IX Item "runsv" -runsv dir -.Sp -Start and monitor a service and optionally an appendant log service -.IP "\fBrunsvdir\fR" 4 -.IX Item "runsvdir" -runsvdir [\-P] [\-s \s-1SCRIPT\s0] dir -.Sp -Start a runsv process for each subdirectory. If it exits, restart it. -.Sp -.Vb 2 -\& \-P Put each runsv in a new session -\& \-s SCRIPT Run SCRIPT after signal is processed -.Ve -.IP "\fBrx\fR" 4 -.IX Item "rx" -rx \s-1FILE\s0 -.Sp -Receive a file using the xmodem protocol -.IP "\fBscript\fR" 4 -.IX Item "script" -script [\-afqt] [\-c \s-1PROG\s0] [\s-1OUTFILE\s0] -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 5 -\& \-a Append output -\& \-c Run PROG, not shell -\& \-f Flush output after each write -\& \-q Quiet -\& \-t Send timing to stderr -.Ve -.IP "\fBscriptreplay\fR" 4 -.IX Item "scriptreplay" -scriptreplay timingfile [typescript [divisor]] -.Sp -Play back typescripts, using timing information -.IP "\fBsed\fR" 4 -.IX Item "sed" -sed [\-efinr] \s-1SED_CMD\s0 [\s-1FILE\s0]... -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 5 -\& \-e CMD Add CMD to sed commands to be executed -\& \-f FILE Add FILE contents to sed commands to be executed -\& \-i Edit files in\-place -\& \-n Suppress automatic printing of pattern space -\& \-r Use extended regex syntax -.Ve -.Sp -If no \-e or \-f is given, the first non-option argument is taken as the sed -command to interpret. All remaining arguments are names of input files; if no -input files are specified, then the standard input is read. Source files -will not be modified unless \-i option is given. -.IP "\fBsendmail\fR" 4 -.IX Item "sendmail" -sendmail [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1RECIPIENT_EMAIL\s0]... -.Sp -Read email from stdin and send it -.Sp -Standard options: -.Sp -.Vb 3 -\& \-t Read additional recipients from message body -\& \-f sender Sender (required) -\& \-o options Various options. \-oi implied, others are ignored -.Ve -.Sp -Busybox specific options: -.Sp -.Vb 10 -\& \-w seconds Network timeout -\& \-H \*(AqPROG ARGS\*(Aq Run connection helper -\& Examples: -\& \-H \*(Aqexec openssl s_client \-quiet \-tls1 \-starttls smtp -\& \-connect smtp.gmail.com:25\*(Aq \-ap] -\& \-H \*(Aqexec openssl s_client \-quiet \-tls1 -\& \-connect smtp.gmail.com:465\*(Aq \-ap] -\& \-S server[:port] Server -\& \-au Username for AUTH LOGIN -\& \-ap Password for AUTH LOGIN -\& \-am Authentication method. Ignored. LOGIN is implied -.Ve -.Sp -Other options are silently ignored; \-oi \-t is implied -Use makemime applet to create message with attachments -.IP "\fBseq\fR" 4 -.IX Item "seq" -seq [\-w] [\-s \s-1SEP\s0] [\s-1FIRST\s0 [\s-1INC\s0]] \s-1LAST\s0 -.Sp -Print numbers from \s-1FIRST\s0 to \s-1LAST\s0, in steps of \s-1INC\s0. -\&\s-1FIRST\s0, \s-1INC\s0 default to 1 -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 2 -\& \-w Pad to last with leading zeros -\& \-s SEP String separator -.Ve -.IP "\fBsetarch\fR" 4 -.IX Item "setarch" -setarch personality program [args...] -.Sp -Personality may be: -.Sp -.Vb 2 -\& linux32 Set 32bit uname emulation -\& linux64 Set 64bit uname emulation -.Ve -.IP "\fBsetconsole\fR" 4 -.IX Item "setconsole" -setconsole [\-r|\-\-reset] [\s-1DEVICE\s0] -.Sp -Redirect system console output to \s-1DEVICE\s0 (default: /dev/tty) -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 1 -\& \-r Reset output to /dev/console -.Ve -.IP "\fBsetfont\fR" 4 -.IX Item "setfont" -setfont \s-1FONT\s0 [\-m \s-1MAPFILE\s0] [\-C \s-1TTY\s0] -.Sp -Load a console font -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 2 -\& \-m MAPFILE Load console screen map -\& \-C TTY Affect TTY instead of /dev/tty -.Ve -.IP "\fBsetkeycodes\fR" 4 -.IX Item "setkeycodes" -setkeycodes \s-1SCANCODE\s0 \s-1KEYCODE\s0... -.Sp -Set entries into the kernel's scancode-to-keycode map, -allowing unusual keyboards to generate usable keycodes. -.Sp -\&\s-1SCANCODE\s0 may be either xx or e0xx (hexadecimal), -and \s-1KEYCODE\s0 is given in decimal -.IP "\fBsetlogcons\fR" 4 -.IX Item "setlogcons" -setlogcons N -.Sp -Redirect the kernel output to console N (0 for current) -.IP "\fBsetsid\fR" 4 -.IX Item "setsid" -setsid \s-1PROG\s0 [\s-1ARG\s0...] -.Sp -Run \s-1PROG\s0 in a new session. \s-1PROG\s0 will have no controlling terminal -and will not be affected by keyboard signals (Ctrl-C etc). -See \fIsetsid\fR\|(2) for details. -.IP "\fBsetuidgid\fR" 4 -.IX Item "setuidgid" -setuidgid account prog args -.Sp -Set uid and gid to account's uid and gid, removing all supplementary -groups and run \s-1PROG\s0 -.IP "\fBsha1sum\fR" 4 -.IX Item "sha1sum" -sha1sum [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]... - or: sha1sum [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \-c [\s-1FILE\s0] -.Sp -Print or check \s-1SHA1\s0 checksums -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 3 -\& \-c Check sums against given list -\& \-s Don\*(Aqt output anything, status code shows success -\& \-w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines -.Ve -.IP "\fBsha256sum\fR" 4 -.IX Item "sha256sum" -sha256sum [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]... - or: sha256sum [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \-c [\s-1FILE\s0] -.Sp -Print or check \s-1SHA256\s0 checksums -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 3 -\& \-c Check sums against given list -\& \-s Don\*(Aqt output anything, status code shows success -\& \-w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines -.Ve -.IP "\fBsha512sum\fR" 4 -.IX Item "sha512sum" -sha512sum [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]... - or: sha512sum [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \-c [\s-1FILE\s0] -.Sp -Print or check \s-1SHA512\s0 checksums -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 3 -\& \-c Check sums against given list -\& \-s Don\*(Aqt output anything, status code shows success -\& \-w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines -.Ve -.IP "\fBshowkey\fR" 4 -.IX Item "showkey" -showkey [\-a | \-k | \-s] -.Sp -Show keys pressed -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 3 -\& \-a Display decimal/octal/hex values of the keys -\& \-k Display interpreted keycodes (default) -\& \-s Display raw scan\-codes -.Ve -.IP "\fBslattach\fR" 4 -.IX Item "slattach" -slattach [\-cehmLF] [\-s \s-1SPEED\s0] [\-p \s-1PROTOCOL\s0] \s-1DEVICE\s0 -.Sp -Attach network interface(s) to serial line(s) -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 8 -\& \-p PROT Set protocol (slip, cslip, slip6, clisp6 or adaptive) -\& \-s SPD Set line speed -\& \-e Exit after initializing device -\& \-h Exit when the carrier is lost -\& \-c PROG Run PROG when the line is hung up -\& \-m Do NOT initialize the line in raw 8 bits mode -\& \-L Enable 3\-wire operation -\& \-F Disable RTS/CTS flow control -.Ve -.IP "\fBsleep\fR" 4 -.IX Item "sleep" -sleep [N]... -.Sp -Pause for a time equal to the total of the args given, where each arg can -have an optional suffix of (s)econds, (m)inutes, (h)ours, or (d)ays -.IP "\fBsoftlimit\fR" 4 -.IX Item "softlimit" -softlimit [\-a \s-1BYTES\s0] [\-m \s-1BYTES\s0] [\-d \s-1BYTES\s0] [\-s \s-1BYTES\s0] [\-l \s-1BYTES\s0] - [\-f \s-1BYTES\s0] [\-c \s-1BYTES\s0] [\-r \s-1BYTES\s0] [\-o N] [\-p N] [\-t N] - \s-1PROG\s0 \s-1ARGS\s0 -.Sp -Set soft resource limits, then run \s-1PROG\s0 -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 8 -\& \-a BYTES Limit total size of all segments -\& \-m BYTES Same as \-d BYTES \-s BYTES \-l BYTES \-a BYTES -\& \-d BYTES Limit data segment -\& \-s BYTES Limit stack segment -\& \-l BYTES Limit locked memory size -\& \-o N Limit number of open files per process -\& \-p N Limit number of processes per uid -\&Options controlling file sizes: -\& -\& \-f BYTES Limit output file sizes -\& \-c BYTES Limit core file size -\&Efficiency opts: -\& -\& \-r BYTES Limit resident set size -\& \-t N Limit CPU time, process receives -\& a SIGXCPU after N seconds -.Ve -.IP "\fBsort\fR" 4 -.IX Item "sort" -sort [\-nrugMcszbdfimSTokt] [\-o \s-1FILE\s0] [\-k start[.offset][opts][,end[.offset][opts]] [\-t \s-1CHAR\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]... -.Sp -Sort lines of text -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 10 -\& \-b Ignore leading blanks -\& \-c Check whether input is sorted -\& \-d Dictionary order (blank or alphanumeric only) -\& \-f Ignore case -\& \-g General numerical sort -\& \-i Ignore unprintable characters -\& \-k Sort key -\& \-M Sort month -\& \-n Sort numbers -\& \-o Output to file -\& \-k Sort by key -\& \-t CHAR Key separator -\& \-r Reverse sort order -\& \-s Stable (don\*(Aqt sort ties alphabetically) -\& \-u Suppress duplicate lines -\& \-z Lines are terminated by NUL, not newline -\& \-mST Ignored for GNU compatibility -.Ve -.IP "\fBsplit\fR" 4 -.IX Item "split" -split [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1INPUT\s0 [\s-1PREFIX\s0]] -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 3 -\& \-b n[k|m] Split by bytes -\& \-l n Split by lines -\& \-a n Use n letters as suffix -.Ve -.IP "\fBstart-stop-daemon\fR" 4 -.IX Item "start-stop-daemon" -start-stop-daemon [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\-S|\-K] ... [\-\- arguments...] -.Sp -Search for matching processes, and then -\&\-K: stop all matching processes. -\&\-S: start a process unless a matching process is found. -.Sp -Process matching: -.Sp -.Vb 10 -\& \-u,\-\-user USERNAME|UID Match only this user\*(Aqs processes -\& \-n,\-\-name NAME Match processes with NAME -\& in comm field in /proc/PID/stat -\& \-x,\-\-exec EXECUTABLE Match processes with this command -\& in /proc/PID/cmdline -\& \-p,\-\-pidfile FILE Match a process with PID from the file -\& All specified conditions must match -\&\-S only: -\& \-x,\-\-exec EXECUTABLE Program to run -\& \-a,\-\-startas NAME Zeroth argument -\& \-b,\-\-background Background -\& \-N,\-\-nicelevel N Change nice level -\& \-c,\-\-chuid USER[:[GRP]] Change to user/group -\& \-m,\-\-make\-pidfile Write PID to the pidfile specified by \-p -\&\-K only: -\& \-s,\-\-signal SIG Signal to send -\& \-t,\-\-test Match only, exit with 0 if a process is found -\&Other: -\& -\& \-o,\-\-oknodo Exit with status 0 if nothing is done -\& \-v,\-\-verbose Verbose -\& \-q,\-\-quiet Quiet -.Ve -.IP "\fBstat\fR" 4 -.IX Item "stat" -stat [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1FILE\s0... -.Sp -Display file (default) or filesystem status -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 4 -\& \-c fmt Use the specified format -\& \-f Display filesystem status -\& \-L Dereference links -\& \-t Display info in terse form -.Ve -.Sp -Valid format sequences for files: -.Sp -.Vb 10 -\& %a Access rights in octal -\& %A Access rights in human readable form -\& %b Number of blocks allocated (see %B) -\& %B The size in bytes of each block reported by %b -\& %d Device number in decimal -\& %D Device number in hex -\& %f Raw mode in hex -\& %F File type -\& %g Group ID of owner -\& %G Group name of owner -\& %h Number of hard links -\& %i Inode number -\& %n File name -\& %N Quoted file name with dereference if symlink -\& %o I/O block size -\& %s Total size, in bytes -\& %t Major device type in hex -\& %T Minor device type in hex -\& %u User ID of owner -\& %U User name of owner -\& %x Time of last access -\& %X Time of last access as seconds since Epoch -\& %y Time of last modification -\& %Y Time of last modification as seconds since Epoch -\& %z Time of last change -\& %Z Time of last change as seconds since Epoch -.Ve -.Sp -Valid format sequences for file systems: -.Sp -.Vb 12 -\& %a Free blocks available to non\-superuser -\& %b Total data blocks in file system -\& %c Total file nodes in file system -\& %d Free file nodes in file system -\& %f Free blocks in file system -\& %i File System ID in hex -\& %l Maximum length of filenames -\& %n File name -\& %s Block size (for faster transfer) -\& %S Fundamental block size (for block counts) -\& %t Type in hex -\& %T Type in human readable form -.Ve -.IP "\fBstrings\fR" 4 -.IX Item "strings" -strings [\-afo] [\-n \s-1LEN\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]... -.Sp -Display printable strings in a binary file -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 4 -\& \-a Scan whole file (default) -\& \-f Precede strings with filenames -\& \-n LEN At least LEN characters form a string (default 4) -\& \-o Precede strings with decimal offsets -.Ve -.IP "\fBstty\fR" 4 -.IX Item "stty" -stty [\-a|g] [\-F \s-1DEVICE\s0] [\s-1SETTING\s0]... -.Sp -Without arguments, prints baud rate, line discipline, -and deviations from stty sane -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 4 -\& \-F DEVICE Open device instead of stdin -\& \-a Print all current settings in human\-readable form -\& \-g Print in stty\-readable form -\& [SETTING] See manpage -.Ve -.IP "\fBsu\fR" 4 -.IX Item "su" -su [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\-] [username] -.Sp -Change user id or become root -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 3 -\& \-p, \-m Preserve environment -\& \-c CMD Command to pass to \*(Aqsh \-c\*(Aq -\& \-s SH Shell to use instead of default shell -.Ve -.IP "\fBsulogin\fR" 4 -.IX Item "sulogin" -sulogin [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1TTY\s0] -.Sp -Single user login -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 1 -\& \-t N Timeout -.Ve -.IP "\fBsum\fR" 4 -.IX Item "sum" -sum [\-rs] [\s-1FILE\s0]... -.Sp -Checksum and count the blocks in a file -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 2 -\& \-r Use BSD sum algorithm (1K blocks) -\& \-s Use System V sum algorithm (512byte blocks) -.Ve -.IP "\fBsv\fR" 4 -.IX Item "sv" -sv [\-v] [\-w sec] command service... -.Sp -Control services monitored by runsv supervisor. -Commands (only first character is enough): -.Sp -status: query service status -up: if service isn't running, start it. If service stops, restart it -once: like 'up', but if service stops, don't restart it -down: send \s-1TERM\s0 and \s-1CONT\s0 signals. If ./run exits, start ./finish - if it exists. After it stops, do not restart service -exit: send \s-1TERM\s0 and \s-1CONT\s0 signals to service and log service. If they exit, - runsv exits too -pause, cont, hup, alarm, interrupt, quit, 1, 2, term, kill: send -\&\s-1STOP\s0, \s-1CONT\s0, \s-1HUP\s0, \s-1ALRM\s0, \s-1INT\s0, \s-1QUIT\s0, \s-1USR1\s0, \s-1USR2\s0, \s-1TERM\s0, \s-1KILL\s0 signal to service -.IP "\fBsvlogd\fR" 4 -.IX Item "svlogd" -svlogd [\-ttv] [\-r c] [\-R abc] [\-l len] [\-b buflen] dir... -.Sp -Continuously read log data from standard input, optionally -filter log messages, and write the data to one or more automatically -rotated logs -.IP "\fBswapoff\fR" 4 -.IX Item "swapoff" -swapoff [\-a] [\s-1DEVICE\s0] -.Sp -Stop swapping on \s-1DEVICE\s0 -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 1 -\& \-a Stop swapping on all swap devices -.Ve -.IP "\fBswapon\fR" 4 -.IX Item "swapon" -swapon [\-a] [\-p pri] [\s-1DEVICE\s0] -.Sp -Start swapping on \s-1DEVICE\s0 -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 2 -\& \-a Start swapping on all swap devices -\& \-p pri Set swap device priority -.Ve -.IP "\fBswitch_root\fR" 4 -.IX Item "switch_root" -switch_root [\-c /dev/console] \s-1NEW_ROOT\s0 \s-1NEW_INIT\s0 [\s-1ARGS\s0] -.Sp -Free initramfs and switch to another root fs: -.Sp -chroot to \s-1NEW_ROOT\s0, delete all in /, move \s-1NEW_ROOT\s0 to /, -execute \s-1NEW_INIT\s0. \s-1PID\s0 must be 1. \s-1NEW_ROOT\s0 must be a mountpoint. -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 1 -\& \-c DEV Reopen stdio to DEV after switch -.Ve -.IP "\fBsync\fR" 4 -.IX Item "sync" -sync -.Sp -Write all buffered blocks to disk -.IP "\fBsysctl\fR" 4 -.IX Item "sysctl" -sysctl [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1VALUE\s0]... -.Sp -Configure kernel parameters at runtime -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 6 -\& \-n Don\*(Aqt print key names -\& \-e Don\*(Aqt warn about unknown keys -\& \-w Change sysctl setting -\& \-p FILE Load sysctl settings from FILE (default /etc/sysctl.conf) -\& \-a Display all values -\& \-A Display all values in table form -.Ve -.IP "\fBsyslogd\fR" 4 -.IX Item "syslogd" -syslogd [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] -.Sp -System logging utility. -Note that this version of syslogd ignores /etc/syslog.conf. -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 10 -\& \-n Run in foreground -\& \-O FILE Log to given file (default:/var/log/messages) -\& \-l n Set local log level -\& \-S Smaller logging output -\& \-s SIZE Max size (KB) before rotate (default:200KB, 0=off) -\& \-b NUM Number of rotated logs to keep (default:1, max=99, 0=purge) -\& \-R HOST[:PORT] Log to IP or hostname on PORT (default PORT=514/UDP) -\& \-L Log locally and via network (default is network only if \-R) -\& \-D Drop duplicates -\& \-C[size(KiB)] Log to shared mem buffer (read it using logread) -.Ve -.IP "\fBtac\fR" 4 -.IX Item "tac" -tac [\s-1FILE\s0]... -.Sp -Concatenate \s-1FILE\s0(s) and print them in reverse -.IP "\fBtail\fR" 4 -.IX Item "tail" -tail [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]... -.Sp -Print last 10 lines of each \s-1FILE\s0 to standard output. -With more than one \s-1FILE\s0, precede each with a header giving the -file name. With no \s-1FILE\s0, or when \s-1FILE\s0 is \-, read standard input. -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 6 -\& \-c N[kbm] Output the last N bytes -\& \-n N[kbm] Print last N lines instead of last 10 -\& \-f Output data as the file grows -\& \-q Never output headers giving file names -\& \-s SEC Wait SEC seconds between reads with \-f -\& \-v Always output headers giving file names -.Ve -.Sp -If the first character of N (bytes or lines) is a '+', output begins with -the Nth item from the start of each file, otherwise, print the last N items -in the file. N bytes may be suffixed by k (x1024), b (x512), or m (1024^2). -.IP "\fBtar\fR" 4 -.IX Item "tar" -tar \-[czjaZxtvO] [\-X \s-1FILE\s0] [\-f \s-1TARFILE\s0] [\-C \s-1DIR\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0(s)]... -.Sp -Create, extract, or list files from a tar file -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 4 -\& c Create -\& x Extract -\& t List -\&Archive format selection: -\& -\& z Filter the archive through gzip -\& j Filter the archive through bzip2 -\& a Filter the archive through lzma -\& Z Filter the archive through compress -\&File selection: -\& -\& f Name of TARFILE or "\-" for stdin -\& O Extract to stdout -\& exclude File to exclude -\& X File with names to exclude -\& C Change to directory DIR before operation -\& v Verbose -.Ve -.IP "\fBtaskset\fR" 4 -.IX Item "taskset" -taskset [\-p] [\s-1MASK\s0] [\s-1PID\s0 | \s-1PROG\s0 [\s-1ARGS\s0]] -.Sp -Set or get \s-1CPU\s0 affinity -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 1 -\& \-p Operate on an existing PID -.Ve -.IP "\fBtcpsvd\fR" 4 -.IX Item "tcpsvd" -tcpsvd [\-hEv] [\-c N] [\-C N[:MSG]] [\-b N] [\-u \s-1USER\s0] [\-l \s-1NAME\s0] \s-1IP\s0 \s-1PORT\s0 \s-1PROG\s0 -.Sp -Create \s-1TCP\s0 socket, bind to \s-1IP:PORT\s0 and listen -for incoming connection. Run \s-1PROG\s0 for each connection. -.Sp -.Vb 10 -\& IP IP to listen on. \*(Aq0\*(Aq = all -\& PORT Port to listen on -\& PROG [ARGS] Program to run -\& \-l NAME Local hostname (else looks up local hostname in DNS) -\& \-u USER[:GRP] Change to user/group after bind -\& \-c N Handle up to N connections simultaneously -\& \-b N Allow a backlog of approximately N TCP SYNs -\& \-C N[:MSG] Allow only up to N connections from the same IP -\& New connections from this IP address are closed -\& immediately. MSG is written to the peer before close -\& \-h Look up peer\*(Aqs hostname -\& \-E Do not set up environment variables -\& \-v Verbose -.Ve -.IP "\fBtee\fR" 4 -.IX Item "tee" -tee [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]... -.Sp -Copy standard input to each \s-1FILE\s0, and also to standard output -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 2 -\& \-a Append to the given FILEs, do not overwrite -\& \-i Ignore interrupt signals (SIGINT) -.Ve -.IP "\fBtelnet\fR" 4 -.IX Item "telnet" -telnet [\-a] [\-l \s-1USER\s0] \s-1HOST\s0 [\s-1PORT\s0] -.Sp -Connect to telnet server -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 2 -\& \-a Automatic login with $USER variable -\& \-l USER Automatic login as USER -.Ve -.IP "\fBtelnetd\fR" 4 -.IX Item "telnetd" -telnetd [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] -.Sp -Handle incoming telnet connections -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 10 -\& \-l LOGIN Exec LOGIN on connect -\& \-f ISSUE_FILE Display ISSUE_FILE instead of /etc/issue -\& \-K Close connection as soon as login exits -\& (normally wait until all programs close slave pty) -\& \-p PORT Port to listen on -\& \-b ADDR[:PORT] Address to bind to -\& \-F Run in foreground -\& \-i Run as inetd service -\& \-w SEC Run as inetd service in wait mode, linger time SEC -\& \-S Log to syslog (implied by \-i or without \-F and \-w) -.Ve -.IP "\fBtest\fR" 4 -.IX Item "test" -test \s-1EXPRESSION\s0 ] -.Sp -Check file types, compare values etc. Return a 0/1 exit code -depending on logical value of \s-1EXPRESSION\s0 -.IP "\fBtftp\fR" 4 -.IX Item "tftp" -tftp [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1HOST\s0 [\s-1PORT\s0] -.Sp -Transfer a file from/to tftp server -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 5 -\& \-l FILE Local FILE -\& \-r FILE Remote FILE -\& \-g Get file -\& \-p Put file -\& \-b SIZE Transfer blocks of SIZE octets -.Ve -.IP "\fBtftpd\fR" 4 -.IX Item "tftpd" -tftpd [\-cr] [\-u \s-1USER\s0] [\s-1DIR\s0] -.Sp -Transfer a file on tftp client's request -.Sp -tftpd should be used as an inetd service. -tftpd's line for inetd.conf: - 69 dgram udp nowait root tftpd tftpd /files/to/serve -It also can be ran from udpsvd: -.Sp -.Vb 1 -\& udpsvd \-vE 0.0.0.0 69 tftpd /files/to/serve -.Ve -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 3 -\& \-r Prohibit upload -\& \-c Allow file creation via upload -\& \-u Access files as USER -.Ve -.IP "\fBtime\fR" 4 -.IX Item "time" -time [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1PROG\s0 [\s-1ARGS\s0] -.Sp -Run \s-1PROG\s0. When it finishes, its resource usage is displayed. -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 1 -\& \-v Verbose -.Ve -.IP "\fBtimeout\fR" 4 -.IX Item "timeout" -timeout [\-t \s-1SECS\s0] [\-s \s-1SIG\s0] \s-1PROG\s0 [\s-1ARGS\s0] -.Sp -Runs \s-1PROG\s0. Sends \s-1SIG\s0 to it if it is not gone in \s-1SECS\s0 seconds. -Defaults: \s-1SECS:\s0 10, \s-1SIG:\s0 \s-1TERM\s0. -.IP "\fBtop\fR" 4 -.IX Item "top" -top [\-b] [\-nCOUNT] [\-dSECONDS] [\-m] -.Sp -Provide a view of process activity in real time. -Read the status of all processes from /proc each \s-1SECONDS\s0 -and show the status for however many processes will fit on the screen. -.IP "\fBtouch\fR" 4 -.IX Item "touch" -touch [\-c] [\-d \s-1DATE\s0] \s-1FILE\s0 [\s-1FILE\s0]... -.Sp -Update the last-modified date on the given FILE[s] -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 2 -\& \-c Do not create files -\& \-d DT Date/time to use -.Ve -.IP "\fBtr\fR" 4 -.IX Item "tr" -tr [\-cds] \s-1STRING1\s0 [\s-1STRING2\s0] -.Sp -Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters from -standard input, writing to standard output -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 3 -\& \-c Take complement of STRING1 -\& \-d Delete input characters coded STRING1 -\& \-s Squeeze multiple output characters of STRING2 into one character -.Ve -.IP "\fBtraceroute\fR" 4 -.IX Item "traceroute" -traceroute [\-FIldnrv] [\-f 1st_ttl] [\-m max_ttl] [\-p port#] [\-q nqueries] - [\-s src_addr] [\-t tos] [\-w wait] [\-g gateway] [\-i iface] - [\-z pausemsecs] \s-1HOST\s0 [data size] -.Sp -Trace the route to \s-1HOST\s0 -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 10 -\& \-F Set the don\*(Aqt fragment bit -\& \-I Use ICMP ECHO instead of UDP datagrams -\& \-l Display the ttl value of the returned packet -\& \-d Set SO_DEBUG options to socket -\& \-n Print hop addresses numerically rather than symbolically -\& \-r Bypass the normal routing tables and send directly to a host -\& \-v Verbose -\& \-m max_ttl Max time\-to\-live (max number of hops) -\& \-p port# Base UDP port number used in probes -\& (default 33434) -\& \-q nqueries Number of probes per \*(Aqttl\*(Aq (default 3) -\& \-s src_addr IP address to use as the source address -\& \-t tos Type\-of\-service in probe packets (default 0) -\& \-w wait Time in seconds to wait for a response -\& (default 3 sec) -\& \-g Loose source route gateway (8 max) -.Ve -.IP "\fBtrue\fR" 4 -.IX Item "true" -true -.Sp -Return an exit code of \s-1TRUE\s0 (0) -.IP "\fBtty\fR" 4 -.IX Item "tty" -tty -.Sp -Print file name of standard input's terminal -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 1 -\& \-s Print nothing, only return exit status -.Ve -.IP "\fBttysize\fR" 4 -.IX Item "ttysize" -ttysize [w] [h] -.Sp -Print dimension(s) of standard input's terminal, on error return 80x25 -.IP "\fBudhcpc\fR" 4 -.IX Item "udhcpc" -udhcpc [\-Cfbnqtvo] [\-c \s-1CID\s0] [\-V \s-1VCLS\s0] [\-H \s-1HOSTNAME\s0] [\-i \s-1INTERFACE\s0] - [\-p pidfile] [\-r \s-1IP\s0] [\-s script] [\-O dhcp\-option]... -.Sp -.Vb 10 -\& \-V,\-\-vendorclass=CLASSID Vendor class identifier -\& \-i,\-\-interface=INTERFACE Interface to use (default eth0) -\& \-H,\-h,\-\-hostname=HOSTNAME Client hostname -\& \-c,\-\-clientid=CLIENTID Client identifier -\& \-C,\-\-clientid\-none Suppress default client identifier -\& \-p,\-\-pidfile=file Create pidfile -\& \-r,\-\-request=IP IP address to request -\& \-s,\-\-script=file Run file at DHCP events (default /usr/share/udhcpc/default.script) -\& \-t,\-\-retries=N Send up to N request packets -\& \-T,\-\-timeout=N Try to get a lease for N seconds (default 3) -\& \-A,\-\-tryagain=N Wait N seconds (default 20) after failure -\& \-O,\-\-request\-option=OPT Request DHCP option OPT (cumulative) -\& \-o,\-\-no\-default\-options Do not request any options (unless \-O is also given) -\& \-f,\-\-foreground Run in foreground -\& \-b,\-\-background Background if lease is not immediately obtained -\& \-S,\-\-syslog Log to syslog too -\& \-n,\-\-now Exit with failure if lease is not immediately obtained -\& \-q,\-\-quit Quit after obtaining lease -\& \-R,\-\-release Release IP on quit -\& \-a,\-\-arping Use arping to validate offered address -.Ve -.IP "\fBudhcpd\fR" 4 -.IX Item "udhcpd" -udhcpd [\-fS] [configfile] -.Sp -\&\s-1DHCP\s0 server -.Sp -.Vb 2 -\& \-f Run in foreground -\& \-S Log to syslog too -.Ve -.IP "\fBudpsvd\fR" 4 -.IX Item "udpsvd" -udpsvd [\-hEv] [\-c N] [\-u \s-1USER\s0] [\-l \s-1NAME\s0] \s-1IP\s0 \s-1PORT\s0 \s-1PROG\s0 -.Sp -Create \s-1UDP\s0 socket, bind to \s-1IP:PORT\s0 and wait -for incoming packets. Run \s-1PROG\s0 for each packet, -redirecting all further packets with same peer ip:port to it. -.Sp -.Vb 9 -\& IP IP to listen on. \*(Aq0\*(Aq = all -\& PORT Port to listen on -\& PROG [ARGS] Program to run -\& \-l NAME Local hostname (else looks up local hostname in DNS) -\& \-u USER[:GRP] Change to user/group after bind -\& \-c N Handle up to N connections simultaneously -\& \-h Look up peer\*(Aqs hostname -\& \-E Do not set up environment variables -\& \-v Verbose -.Ve -.IP "\fBumount\fR" 4 -.IX Item "umount" -umount [flags] FILESYSTEM|DIRECTORY -.Sp -Unmount file systems -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 5 -\& \-a Unmount all file systems -\& \-r Try to remount devices as read\-only if mount is busy -\& \-l Lazy umount (detach filesystem) -\& \-f Force umount (i.e., unreachable NFS server) -\& \-d Free loop device if it has been used -.Ve -.IP "\fBuname\fR" 4 -.IX Item "uname" -uname [\-amnrspv] -.Sp -Print system information -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 7 -\& \-a Print all -\& \-m The machine (hardware) type -\& \-n Hostname -\& \-r OS release -\& \-s OS name (default) -\& \-p Processor type -\& \-v OS version -.Ve -.IP "\fBuncompress\fR" 4 -.IX Item "uncompress" -uncompress [\-c] [\-f] [name...] -.Sp -Uncompress .Z file[s] -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 2 -\& \-c Extract to stdout -\& \-f Overwrite an existing file -.Ve -.IP "\fBunexpand\fR" 4 -.IX Item "unexpand" -unexpand [\-f][\-a][\-t \s-1NUM\s0] [FILE|\-] -.Sp -Convert spaces to tabs, writing to standard output -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 3 -\& \-a,\-\-all Convert all blanks -\& \-f,\-\-first\-only Convert only leading blanks -\& \-t,\-\-tabs=N Tabstops every N chars -.Ve -.IP "\fBuniq\fR" 4 -.IX Item "uniq" -uniq [\-fscduw]... [\s-1INPUT\s0 [\s-1OUTPUT\s0]] -.Sp -Discard duplicate lines -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 6 -\& \-c Prefix lines by the number of occurrences -\& \-d Only print duplicate lines -\& \-u Only print unique lines -\& \-f N Skip first N fields -\& \-s N Skip first N chars (after any skipped fields) -\& \-w N Compare N characters in line -.Ve -.IP "\fBunix2dos\fR" 4 -.IX Item "unix2dos" -unix2dos [\s-1OPTION\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0] -.Sp -Convert \s-1FILE\s0 in-place from Unix to \s-1DOS\s0 format. -When no file is given, use stdin/stdout. -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 2 -\& \-u dos2unix -\& \-d unix2dos -.Ve -.IP "\fBunlzma\fR" 4 -.IX Item "unlzma" -unlzma [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0] -.Sp -Uncompress \s-1FILE\s0 (or standard input if \s-1FILE\s0 is '\-' or omitted) -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 2 -\& \-c Write to standard output -\& \-f Force -.Ve -.IP "\fBunlzop\fR" 4 -.IX Item "unlzop" -unlzop [\-cfvCF] [\s-1FILE\s0]... -.Sp -.Vb 4 -\& \-c Write to standard output -\& \-f Force -\& \-v Verbose -\& \-F Don\*(Aqt store or verify checksum -.Ve -.IP "\fBunzip\fR" 4 -.IX Item "unzip" -unzip [\-opts[modifiers]] file[.zip] [list] [\-x xlist] [\-d exdir] -.Sp -Extract files from \s-1ZIP\s0 archives -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 7 -\& \-l List archive contents (with \-q for short form) -\& \-n Never overwrite existing files (default) -\& \-o Overwrite files without prompting -\& \-p Send output to stdout -\& \-q Quiet -\& \-x Exclude these files -\& \-d Extract files into this directory -.Ve -.IP "\fBuptime\fR" 4 -.IX Item "uptime" -uptime -.Sp -Display the time since the last boot -.IP "\fBusleep\fR" 4 -.IX Item "usleep" -usleep N -.Sp -Pause for N microseconds -.IP "\fBuudecode\fR" 4 -.IX Item "uudecode" -uudecode [\-o outfile] [infile] -.Sp -Uudecode a file -Finds outfile name in uuencoded source unless \-o is given -.IP "\fBuuencode\fR" 4 -.IX Item "uuencode" -uuencode [\-m] [infile] stored_filename -.Sp -Uuencode a file to stdout -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 1 -\& \-m Use base64 encoding per RFC1521 -.Ve -.IP "\fBvconfig\fR" 4 -.IX Item "vconfig" -vconfig \s-1COMMAND\s0 [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] -.Sp -Create and remove virtual ethernet devices -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 6 -\& add [interface\-name] [vlan_id] -\& rem [vlan\-name] -\& set_flag [interface\-name] [flag\-num] [0 | 1] -\& set_egress_map [vlan\-name] [skb_priority] [vlan_qos] -\& set_ingress_map [vlan\-name] [skb_priority] [vlan_qos] -\& set_name_type [name\-type] -.Ve -.IP "\fBvi\fR" 4 -.IX Item "vi" -vi [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]... -.Sp -Edit \s-1FILE\s0 -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 3 -\& \-c Initial command to run ($EXINIT also available) -\& \-R Read\-only \- do not write to the file -\& \-H Short help regarding available features -.Ve -.IP "\fBvlock\fR" 4 -.IX Item "vlock" -vlock [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] -.Sp -Lock a virtual terminal. A password is required to unlock. -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 1 -\& \-a Lock all VTs -.Ve -.IP "\fBvolname\fR" 4 -.IX Item "volname" -volname [\s-1DEVICE\s0] -.Sp -Show \s-1CD\s0 volume name of the \s-1DEVICE\s0 (default /dev/cdrom) -.IP "\fBwatch\fR" 4 -.IX Item "watch" -watch [\-n seconds] [\-t] \s-1PROG\s0 [\s-1ARGS\s0] -.Sp -Run \s-1PROG\s0 periodically -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 2 -\& \-n Loop period in seconds (default 2) -\& \-t Don\*(Aqt print header -.Ve -.IP "\fBwatchdog\fR" 4 -.IX Item "watchdog" -watchdog [\-t N[ms]] [\-T N[ms]] [\-F] \s-1DEV\s0 -.Sp -Periodically write to watchdog device \s-1DEV\s0 -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 3 -\& \-T N Reboot after N seconds if not reset (default 60) -\& \-t N Reset every N seconds (default 30) -\& \-F Run in foreground -.Ve -.Sp -Use 500ms to specify period in milliseconds -.IP "\fBwc\fR" 4 -.IX Item "wc" -wc [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]... -.Sp -Print line, word, and byte counts for each \s-1FILE\s0, and a total line if -more than one \s-1FILE\s0 is specified. With no \s-1FILE\s0, read standard input. -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 4 -\& \-c Print the byte counts -\& \-l Print the newline counts -\& \-L Print the length of the longest line -\& \-w Print the word counts -.Ve -.IP "\fBwget\fR" 4 -.IX Item "wget" -wget [\-c|\-\-continue] [\-s|\-\-spider] [\-q|\-\-quiet] [\-O|\-\-output\-document file] - [\-\-header 'header: value'] [\-Y|\-\-proxy on/off] [\-P \s-1DIR\s0] - [\-U|\-\-user\-agent agent] url -.Sp -Retrieve files via \s-1HTTP\s0 or \s-1FTP\s0 -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 7 -\& \-s Spider mode \- only check file existence -\& \-c Continue retrieval of aborted transfer -\& \-q Quiet -\& \-P Set directory prefix to DIR -\& \-O Save to filename (\*(Aq\-\*(Aq for stdout) -\& \-U Adjust \*(AqUser\-Agent\*(Aq field -\& \-Y Use proxy (\*(Aqon\*(Aq or \*(Aqoff\*(Aq) -.Ve -.IP "\fBwhich\fR" 4 -.IX Item "which" -which [\s-1COMMAND\s0]... -.Sp -Locate a \s-1COMMAND\s0 -.IP "\fBwho\fR" 4 -.IX Item "who" -who [\-a] -.Sp -Show who is logged on -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 1 -\& \-a show all -.Ve -.IP "\fBwhoami\fR" 4 -.IX Item "whoami" -whoami -.Sp -Print the user name associated with the current effective user id -.IP "\fBxargs\fR" 4 -.IX Item "xargs" -xargs [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1PROG\s0 [\s-1ARGS\s0]] -.Sp -Run \s-1PROG\s0 on every item given by standard input -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 8 -\& \-p Ask user whether to run each command -\& \-r Do not run command if input is empty -\& \-0 Input is separated by NUL characters -\& \-t Print the command on stderr before execution -\& \-e[STR] STR stops input processing -\& \-n N Pass no more than N args to PROG -\& \-s N Pass command line of no more than N bytes -\& \-x Exit if size is exceeded -.Ve -.IP "\fByes\fR" 4 -.IX Item "yes" -yes [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1STRING\s0] -.Sp -Repeatedly output a line with \s-1STRING\s0, or 'y' -.IP "\fBzcat\fR" 4 -.IX Item "zcat" -zcat \s-1FILE\s0 -.Sp -Uncompress to stdout -.IP "\fBzcip\fR" 4 -.IX Item "zcip" -zcip [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1IFACE\s0 \s-1SCRIPT\s0 -.Sp -Manage a ZeroConf IPv4 link-local address -.Sp -Options: -.Sp -.Vb 4 -\& \-f Run in foreground -\& \-q Quit after obtaining address -\& \-r 169.254.x.x Request this address first -\& \-v Verbose -.Ve -.Sp -With no \-q, runs continuously monitoring for \s-1ARP\s0 conflicts, -exits only on I/O errors (link down etc) -.SH "LIBC NSS" -.IX Header "LIBC NSS" -\&\s-1GNU\s0 Libc (glibc) uses the Name Service Switch (\s-1NSS\s0) to configure the behavior -of the C library for the local environment, and to configure how it reads -system data, such as passwords and group information. This is implemented -using an /etc/nsswitch.conf configuration file, and using one or more of the -/lib/libnss_* libraries. BusyBox tries to avoid using any libc calls that make -use of \s-1NSS\s0. Some applets however, such as login and su, will use libc functions -that require \s-1NSS\s0. -.PP -If you enable \s-1CONFIG_USE_BB_PWD_GRP\s0, BusyBox will use internal functions to -directly access the /etc/passwd, /etc/group, and /etc/shadow files without -using \s-1NSS\s0. This may allow you to run your system without the need for -installing any of the \s-1NSS\s0 configuration files and libraries. -.PP -When used with glibc, the BusyBox 'networking' applets will similarly require -that you install at least some of the glibc \s-1NSS\s0 stuff (in particular, -/etc/nsswitch.conf, /lib/libnss_dns*, /lib/libnss_files*, and /lib/libresolv*). -.PP -Shameless Plug: As an alternative, one could use a C library such as uClibc. In -addition to making your system significantly smaller, uClibc does not require the -use of any \s-1NSS\s0 support files or libraries. -.SH "MAINTAINER" -.IX Header "MAINTAINER" -Denis Vlasenko -.SH "AUTHORS" -.IX Header "AUTHORS" -The following people have contributed code to BusyBox whether they know it or -not. If you have written code included in BusyBox, you should probably be -listed here so you can obtain your bit of eternal glory. If you should be -listed here, or the description of what you have done needs more detail, or is -incorrect, please send in an update. -.PP -Emanuele Aina - run-parts -.PP -Erik Andersen -.PP -.Vb 4 -\& Tons of new stuff, major rewrite of most of the -\& core apps, tons of new apps as noted in header files. -\& Lots of tedious effort writing these boring docs that -\& nobody is going to actually read. -.Ve -.PP -Laurence Anderson -.PP -.Vb 1 -\& rpm2cpio, unzip, get_header_cpio, read_gz interface, rpm -.Ve -.PP -Jeff Angielski -.PP -.Vb 1 -\& ftpput, ftpget -.Ve -.PP -Edward Betts -.PP -.Vb 1 -\& expr, hostid, logname, whoami -.Ve -.PP -John Beppu -.PP -.Vb 1 -\& du, nslookup, sort -.Ve -.PP -Brian Candler -.PP -.Vb 1 -\& tiny\-ls(ls) -.Ve -.PP -Randolph Chung -.PP -.Vb 1 -\& fbset, ping, hostname -.Ve -.PP -Dave Cinege -.PP -.Vb 2 -\& more(v2), makedevs, dutmp, modularization, auto links file, -\& various fixes, Linux Router Project maintenance -.Ve -.PP -Jordan Crouse -.PP -.Vb 1 -\& ipcalc -.Ve -.PP -Magnus Damm -.PP -.Vb 1 -\& tftp client insmod powerpc support -.Ve -.PP -Larry Doolittle -.PP -.Vb 1 -\& pristine source directory compilation, lots of patches and fixes. -.Ve -.PP -Glenn Engel -.PP -.Vb 1 -\& httpd -.Ve -.PP -Gennady Feldman -.PP -.Vb 2 -\& Sysklogd (single threaded syslogd, IPC Circular buffer support, -\& logread), various fixes. -.Ve -.PP -Karl M. Hegbloom -.PP -.Vb 1 -\& cp_mv.c, the test suite, various fixes to utility.c, &c. -.Ve -.PP -Daniel Jacobowitz -.PP -.Vb 1 -\& mktemp.c -.Ve -.PP -Matt Kraai -.PP -.Vb 1 -\& documentation, bugfixes, test suite -.Ve -.PP -Stephan Linz -.PP -.Vb 1 -\& ipcalc, Red Hat equivalence -.Ve -.PP -John Lombardo -.PP -.Vb 1 -\& tr -.Ve -.PP -Glenn McGrath -.PP -.Vb 3 -\& Common unarchiving code and unarchiving applets, ifupdown, ftpgetput, -\& nameif, sed, patch, fold, install, uudecode. -\& Various bugfixes, review and apply numerous patches. -.Ve -.PP -Manuel Novoa \s-1III\s0 -.PP -.Vb 3 -\& cat, head, mkfifo, mknod, rmdir, sleep, tee, tty, uniq, usleep, wc, yes, -\& mesg, vconfig, make_directory, parse_mode, dirname, mode_string, -\& get_last_path_component, simplify_path, and a number trivial libbb routines -\& -\& also bug fixes, partial rewrites, and size optimizations in -\& ash, basename, cal, cmp, cp, df, du, echo, env, ln, logname, md5sum, mkdir, -\& mv, realpath, rm, sort, tail, touch, uname, watch, arith, human_readable, -\& interface, dutmp, ifconfig, route -.Ve -.PP -Vladimir Oleynik -.PP -.Vb 4 -\& cmdedit; xargs(current), httpd(current); -\& ports: ash, crond, fdisk, inetd, stty, traceroute, top; -\& locale, various fixes -\& and irreconcilable critic of everything not perfect. -.Ve -.PP -Bruce Perens -.PP -.Vb 2 -\& Original author of BusyBox in 1995, 1996. Some of his code can -\& still be found hiding here and there... -.Ve -.PP -Tim Riker -.PP -.Vb 1 -\& bug fixes, member of fan club -.Ve -.PP -Kent Robotti -.PP -.Vb 1 -\& reset, tons and tons of bug reports and patches. -.Ve -.PP -Chip Rosenthal , -.PP -.Vb 1 -\& wget \- Contributed by permission of Covad Communications -.Ve -.PP -Pavel Roskin -.PP -.Vb 1 -\& Lots of bugs fixes and patches. -.Ve -.PP -Gyepi Sam -.PP -.Vb 1 -\& Remote logging feature for syslogd -.Ve -.PP -Linus Torvalds -.PP -.Vb 1 -\& mkswap, fsck.minix, mkfs.minix -.Ve -.PP -Mark Whitley -.PP -.Vb 2 -\& grep, sed, cut, xargs(previous), -\& style\-guide, new\-applet\-HOWTO, bug fixes, etc. -.Ve -.PP -Charles P. Wright -.PP -.Vb 1 -\& gzip, mini\-netcat(nc) -.Ve -.PP -Enrique Zanardi -.PP -.Vb 1 -\& tarcat (since removed), loadkmap, various fixes, Debian maintenance -.Ve -.PP -Tito Ragusa -.PP -.Vb 1 -\& devfsd and size optimizations in strings, openvt and deallocvt. -.Ve diff --git a/busybox.changes b/busybox.changes index 69bea8e..9c0d4d7 100644 --- a/busybox.changes +++ b/busybox.changes @@ -1,3 +1,10 @@ +------------------------------------------------------------------- +Thu Jun 30 08:30:05 UTC 2022 - Ludwig Nussel + +- prepare spec file for rpmbuild --build-in-place --noprep +- use bcond for static and ww3 subpackages +- fix verbose flag + ------------------------------------------------------------------- Fri Jun 10 17:52:27 UTC 2022 - Marcos de Souza diff --git a/busybox.install.patch b/busybox.install.patch index 6a9da5a..7cb8c71 100644 --- a/busybox.install.patch +++ b/busybox.install.patch @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ ---- applets/install.sh -+++ applets/install.sh 2019/03/29 09:03:34 +--- a/applets/install.sh ++++ b/applets/install.sh 2019/03/29 09:03:34 @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -#!/bin/sh +#!/usr/bin/busybox sh diff --git a/busybox.spec b/busybox.spec index 34e0b84..09ec280 100644 --- a/busybox.spec +++ b/busybox.spec @@ -16,6 +16,13 @@ # +%ifarch x86_64 aarch64 i586 +%bcond_without ww3 +%else +%bcond_with ww3 +%endif +%bcond_without static + Name: busybox Version: 1.35.0 Release: 0 @@ -24,7 +31,6 @@ License: GPL-2.0-or-later Group: System/Base URL: https://www.busybox.net/ Source: https://busybox.net/downloads/%{name}-%{version}.tar.bz2 -Source1: BusyBox.1 Source2: busybox.config # Make sure busybox-static.config stays in sync with busybox.config - # exception: SELinux commands - these do not build statically. @@ -45,10 +51,6 @@ BuildRequires: pkgconfig(libselinux) # for test suite BuildRequires: zip -%ifarch x86_64 aarch64 i586 -%define build_ww3 1 -%endif - %description BusyBox combines tiny versions of many common UNIX utilities into a single executable. It provides minimalist replacements for utilities @@ -90,28 +92,24 @@ cd /usr/share/busybox/testsuite PATH=/usr/share/busybox:$PATH SKIP_KNOWN_BUGS=1 ./runtest %prep -%setup -q -%patch0 -p1 -%patch1 -p1 -%patch2 -p1 -%patch100 -p0 -cp -a %{SOURCE1} docs/ +%autosetup -p1 find "(" -name CVS -o -name .cvsignore -o -name .svn -o -name .gitignore ")" \ -exec rm -Rf {} + %build export KCONFIG_NOTIMESTAMP=KCONFIG_NOTIMESTAMP -export VERBOSE=-v -export BUILD_VERBOSE=2 -export CFLAGS="%{optflags} -fno-strict-aliasing -I/usr/include/tirpc" +export KBUILD_VERBOSE=1 +export CFLAGS="%{optflags} -fPIC -fno-strict-aliasing -I/usr/include/tirpc" export CC="gcc" export HOSTCC=gcc +%if %{with static} cat %{SOURCE3} %{SOURCE2} > .config make %{?_smp_mflags} -e oldconfig make -e %{?_smp_mflags} mv busybox busybox-static +%endif -%if 0%{?build_ww3} +%if 0%{with ww3} make -e %{?_smp_mflags} clean cat %{SOURCE7} %{SOURCE3} %{SOURCE2} > .config make %{?_smp_mflags} -e oldconfig @@ -129,7 +127,7 @@ make -e make -e doc busybox.links %{?_smp_mflags} %if 0%{?usrmerged} -for i in busybox.links %{?build_ww3:busybox-warewulf3.links}; do +for i in busybox.links %{?with_ww3:busybox-warewulf3.links}; do sed -i -e 's,^/\(s\?bin\)/,/usr/\1/,' $i done %endif @@ -140,12 +138,14 @@ install -d %{buildroot}/%{_datadir}/busybox install -m 0644 busybox.links %{buildroot}%{_datadir}/busybox install applets/install.sh %{buildroot}%{_bindir}/busybox.install install -m 0755 busybox %{buildroot}%{_bindir} +%if %{with static} install -m 0755 busybox-static %{buildroot}%{_bindir} +%endif install -d %{buildroot}%{_sysconfdir} install -m 0644 %{SOURCE4} %{buildroot}%{_sysconfdir}/ install -d %{buildroot}%{_mandir}/man1 -install -m 644 docs/BusyBox.1 %{buildroot}%{_mandir}/man1 -%if 0%{?build_ww3} +install -m 644 docs/busybox.1 %{buildroot}%{_mandir}/man1 +%if %{with ww3} install -m 0644 busybox-warewulf3.links %{buildroot}%{_datadir}/busybox install -m 0755 busybox-warewulf3 %{buildroot}%{_bindir} %endif @@ -155,8 +155,8 @@ cp -a testsuite %{buildroot}%{_datadir}/busybox/testsuite %check export KCONFIG_NOTIMESTAMP=KCONFIG_NOTIMESTAMP -export BUILD_VERBOSE=2 -export CFLAGS="%{optflags} -fno-strict-aliasing -I/usr/include/tirpc" +export KBUILD_VERBOSE=1 +export CFLAGS="%{optflags} -fPIC -fno-strict-aliasing -I/usr/include/tirpc" export CC="gcc" export HOSTCC=gcc export SKIP_KNOWN_BUGS=1 @@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ make -e %{?_smp_mflags} test %license LICENSE %doc docs/mdev.txt %config %{_sysconfdir}/man.conf -%doc %{_mandir}/man1/BusyBox.1.gz +%doc %{_mandir}/man1/busybox.1.gz %{_bindir}/busybox %{_bindir}/busybox.install %dir %{_datadir}/busybox @@ -178,11 +178,13 @@ make -e %{?_smp_mflags} test %{_datadir}/busybox/.config %{_datadir}/busybox/testsuite +%if %{with static} %files static %license LICENSE %{_bindir}/busybox-static +%endif -%if 0%{?build_ww3} +%if %{with ww3} %files warewulf3 %license LICENSE %{_bindir}/busybox-warewulf3