Index: openssh-9.3p2/kex.c
===================================================================
--- openssh-9.3p2.orig/kex.c
+++ openssh-9.3p2/kex.c
@@ -1564,16 +1564,16 @@ enc_destroy(struct sshenc *enc)
 		return;
 
 	if (enc->key) {
-		memset(enc->key, 0, enc->key_len);
+		explicit_bzero(enc->key, enc->key_len);
 		free(enc->key);
 	}
 
 	if (enc->iv) {
-		memset(enc->iv,  0, enc->iv_len);
+		explicit_bzero(enc->iv,  enc->iv_len);
 		free(enc->iv);
 	}
 
-	memset(enc, 0, sizeof(*enc));
+	explicit_bzero(enc, sizeof(*enc));
 }
 
 void
@@ -1584,7 +1584,7 @@ newkeys_destroy(struct newkeys *newkeys)
 
 	enc_destroy(&newkeys->enc);
 	mac_destroy(&newkeys->mac);
-	memset(&newkeys->comp, 0, sizeof(newkeys->comp));
+	explicit_bzero(&newkeys->comp, sizeof(newkeys->comp));
 }
 
 /*
Index: openssh-9.3p2/mac.c
===================================================================
--- openssh-9.3p2.orig/mac.c
+++ openssh-9.3p2/mac.c
@@ -284,11 +284,11 @@ mac_destroy(struct sshmac *mac)
 		return;
 
 	if (mac->key) {
-		memset(mac->key, 0, mac->key_len);
+		explicit_bzero(mac->key, mac->key_len);
 		free(mac->key);
 	}
 
-	memset(mac, 0, sizeof(*mac));
+	explicit_bzero(mac, sizeof(*mac));
 }
 
 /* XXX copied from ciphers_valid */
Index: openssh-9.3p2/monitor.c
===================================================================
--- openssh-9.3p2.orig/monitor.c
+++ openssh-9.3p2/monitor.c
@@ -1789,8 +1789,12 @@ mm_answer_audit_end_command(struct ssh *
 void
 monitor_clear_keystate(struct ssh *ssh, struct monitor *pmonitor)
 {
-	ssh_clear_newkeys(ssh, MODE_IN);
-	ssh_clear_newkeys(ssh, MODE_OUT);
+	u_int mode;
+
+	for (mode = 0; mode < MODE_MAX; mode++) {
+		ssh_clear_curkeys(ssh, mode);  /* current keys */
+		ssh_clear_newkeys(ssh, mode);  /* next keys */
+	}
 	sshbuf_free(child_state);
 	child_state = NULL;
 }
Index: openssh-9.3p2/packet.c
===================================================================
--- openssh-9.3p2.orig/packet.c
+++ openssh-9.3p2/packet.c
@@ -655,6 +655,7 @@ ssh_packet_close_internal(struct ssh *ss
 		ssh->local_ipaddr = NULL;
 		free(ssh->remote_ipaddr);
 		ssh->remote_ipaddr = NULL;
+		explicit_bzero(ssh->state, sizeof(*ssh->state));
 		free(ssh->state);
 		ssh->state = NULL;
 		kex_free(ssh->kex);
@@ -783,8 +784,10 @@ compress_buffer(struct ssh *ssh, struct
 		case Z_OK:
 			/* Append compressed data to output_buffer. */
 			if ((r = sshbuf_put(out, buf, sizeof(buf) -
-			    ssh->state->compression_out_stream.avail_out)) != 0)
+			    ssh->state->compression_out_stream.avail_out)) != 0) {
+				explicit_bzero(buf, sizeof(buf));
 				return r;
+			}
 			break;
 		case Z_STREAM_ERROR:
 		default:
@@ -819,8 +822,10 @@ uncompress_buffer(struct ssh *ssh, struc
 		switch (status) {
 		case Z_OK:
 			if ((r = sshbuf_put(out, buf, sizeof(buf) -
-			    ssh->state->compression_in_stream.avail_out)) != 0)
+			    ssh->state->compression_in_stream.avail_out)) != 0) {
+				explicit_bzero(buf, sizeof(buf));
 				return r;
+			}
 			break;
 		case Z_BUF_ERROR:
 			/*
@@ -870,6 +875,17 @@ uncompress_buffer(struct ssh *ssh, struc
 #endif	/* WITH_ZLIB */
 
 void
+ssh_clear_curkeys(struct ssh *ssh, int mode)
+{
+	struct session_state *state = ssh->state;
+
+	if (state && state->newkeys[mode]) {
+		kex_free_newkeys(state->newkeys[mode]);
+		state->newkeys[mode] = NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+void
 ssh_clear_newkeys(struct ssh *ssh, int mode)
 {
 	if (ssh->kex && ssh->kex->newkeys[mode]) {
@@ -1418,7 +1434,9 @@ ssh_packet_read_seqnr(struct ssh *ssh, u
 		}
 
 		/* Append it to the buffer. */
-		if ((r = ssh_packet_process_incoming(ssh, buf, len)) != 0)
+		r = ssh_packet_process_incoming(ssh, buf, len);
+		explicit_bzero(buf, len);
+		if (r != 0)
 			goto out;
 	}
  out:
@@ -2375,9 +2393,12 @@ ssh_packet_get_state(struct ssh *ssh, st
 	    (r = sshbuf_put_u32(m, state->p_read.packets)) != 0 ||
 	    (r = sshbuf_put_u64(m, state->p_read.bytes)) != 0 ||
 	    (r = sshbuf_put_stringb(m, state->input)) != 0 ||
-	    (r = sshbuf_put_stringb(m, state->output)) != 0)
+	    (r = sshbuf_put_stringb(m, state->output)) != 0) {
+		sshbuf_obfuscate(m);
 		return r;
+	}
 
+	sshbuf_obfuscate(m);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -2496,6 +2517,8 @@ ssh_packet_set_state(struct ssh *ssh, st
 	size_t ilen, olen;
 	int r;
 
+	sshbuf_unobfuscate(m);
+
 	if ((r = kex_from_blob(m, &ssh->kex)) != 0 ||
 	    (r = newkeys_from_blob(m, ssh, MODE_OUT)) != 0 ||
 	    (r = newkeys_from_blob(m, ssh, MODE_IN)) != 0 ||
@@ -2509,7 +2532,7 @@ ssh_packet_set_state(struct ssh *ssh, st
 	    (r = sshbuf_get_u64(m, &state->p_read.blocks)) != 0 ||
 	    (r = sshbuf_get_u32(m, &state->p_read.packets)) != 0 ||
 	    (r = sshbuf_get_u64(m, &state->p_read.bytes)) != 0)
-		return r;
+		goto out;
 	/*
 	 * We set the time here so that in post-auth privsep child we
 	 * count from the completion of the authentication.
@@ -2518,10 +2541,10 @@ ssh_packet_set_state(struct ssh *ssh, st
 	/* XXX ssh_set_newkeys overrides p_read.packets? XXX */
 	if ((r = ssh_set_newkeys(ssh, MODE_IN)) != 0 ||
 	    (r = ssh_set_newkeys(ssh, MODE_OUT)) != 0)
-		return r;
+		goto out;
 
 	if ((r = ssh_packet_set_postauth(ssh)) != 0)
-		return r;
+		goto out;
 
 	sshbuf_reset(state->input);
 	sshbuf_reset(state->output);
@@ -2529,12 +2552,19 @@ ssh_packet_set_state(struct ssh *ssh, st
 	    (r = sshbuf_get_string_direct(m, &output, &olen)) != 0 ||
 	    (r = sshbuf_put(state->input, input, ilen)) != 0 ||
 	    (r = sshbuf_put(state->output, output, olen)) != 0)
-		return r;
+		goto out;
 
-	if (sshbuf_len(m))
-		return SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
+	if (sshbuf_len(m)) {
+		r = SSH_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	r = 0;
+out:
+	if (r != 0)
+		sshbuf_obfuscate(m);
 	debug3_f("done");
-	return 0;
+	return r;
 }
 
 /* NEW API */
Index: openssh-9.3p2/packet.h
===================================================================
--- openssh-9.3p2.orig/packet.h
+++ openssh-9.3p2/packet.h
@@ -103,6 +103,7 @@ void     ssh_packet_close(struct ssh *);
 void     ssh_packet_close(struct ssh *);
 void	 ssh_packet_set_input_hook(struct ssh *, ssh_packet_hook_fn *, void *);
 void	 ssh_packet_clear_keys(struct ssh *);
+void	 ssh_clear_curkeys(struct ssh *, int);
 void	 ssh_clear_newkeys(struct ssh *, int);
 
 int	 ssh_packet_is_rekeying(struct ssh *);
Index: openssh-9.3p2/sshbuf.c
===================================================================
--- openssh-9.3p2.orig/sshbuf.c
+++ openssh-9.3p2/sshbuf.c
@@ -309,6 +309,31 @@ sshbuf_mutable_ptr(const struct sshbuf *
 	return buf->d + buf->off;
 }
 
+/* Trivially obfuscate the buffer. This is used to make sensitive data
+ * (e.g. keystate) slightly less obvious if found lingering in kernel
+ * memory after being sent from the privsep child to its parent.
+ *
+ * Longer term we should consider using a one-time pad or a stream cipher
+ * here. */
+void
+sshbuf_obfuscate(struct sshbuf *buf)
+{
+	size_t i;
+
+	if (sshbuf_check_sanity(buf) != 0 || buf->readonly || buf->refcount > 1)
+		return;
+
+	for (i = buf->off; i < buf->size; i++) {
+		buf->d [i] ^= 0xaa;
+	}
+}
+
+void
+sshbuf_unobfuscate(struct sshbuf *buf)
+{
+	sshbuf_obfuscate(buf);
+}
+
 int
 sshbuf_check_reserve(const struct sshbuf *buf, size_t len)
 {
Index: openssh-9.3p2/sshbuf.h
===================================================================
--- openssh-9.3p2.orig/sshbuf.h
+++ openssh-9.3p2/sshbuf.h
@@ -298,6 +298,9 @@ int sshbuf_write_file(const char *path,
 int sshbuf_read(int, struct sshbuf *, size_t, size_t *)
     __attribute__((__nonnull__ (2)));
 
+void sshbuf_obfuscate(struct sshbuf *buf);
+void sshbuf_unobfuscate(struct sshbuf *buf);
+
 /* Macros for decoding/encoding integers */
 #define PEEK_U64(p) \
 	(((u_int64_t)(((const u_char *)(p))[0]) << 56) | \
Index: openssh-9.3p2/sshd-session.c
===================================================================
--- openssh-9.3p2.orig/sshd-session.c
+++ openssh-9.3p2/sshd-session.c
@@ -197,6 +197,19 @@ static void do_ssh2_kex(struct ssh *);
 static void do_ssh2_kex(struct ssh *);
 
 /*
+ * Clear some stack space. This is a bit naive, but hopefully helps mitigate
+ * information leaks due to registers and other data having been stored on
+ * the stack. Called after fork() and before exit().
+ */
+static void
+clobber_stack(void)
+{
+	char data [32768];
+
+	explicit_bzero(data, 32768);
+}
+
+/*
  * Signal handler for the alarm after the login grace period has expired.
  * As usual, this may only take signal-safe actions, even though it is
  * terminal.
@@ -260,6 +260,8 @@ destroy_sensitive_data(struct ssh *ssh,
 			sensitive_data.host_certificates[i] = NULL;
 		}
 	}
+
+	clobber_stack();
 }
 
 /* Demote private to public keys for network child */
@@ -431,6 +432,8 @@ privsep_preauth(struct ssh *ssh)
 {
 	int skip_privdrop = 0;
 
+	clobber_stack();
+
 	/*
 	 * Hack for systems that don't support FD passing: retain privileges
 	 * in the post-auth privsep process so it can allocate PTYs directly.
@@ -1354,6 +1356,7 @@ main(int ac, char **av)
 	 */
 	mm_send_keystate(ssh, pmonitor);
 	ssh_packet_clear_keys(ssh);
+	clobber_stack();
 	exit(0);
 
  authenticated:
@@ -1431,6 +1434,7 @@ main(int ac, char **av)
 
 	mm_terminate();
 
+	clobber_stack();
 	exit(0);
 }
 
@@ -1577,8 +1581,10 @@ cleanup_exit(int i)
 	/* cleanup_exit can be called at the very least from the privsep
 	   wrappers used for auditing.  Make sure we don't recurse
 	   indefinitely. */
-	if (in_cleanup)
+	if (in_cleanup) {
+		clobber_stack();
 		_exit(i);
+	}
 	in_cleanup = 1;
 	extern int auth_attempted; /* monitor.c */
 
@@ -1604,5 +1610,7 @@ cleanup_exit(int i)
            mm_is_monitor())
 		audit_event(the_active_state, SSH_CONNECTION_ABANDON);
 #endif
+
+	clobber_stack();
 	_exit(i);
 }