Index: msgspec-0.19.0/msgspec/_core.c
===================================================================
--- msgspec-0.19.0.orig/msgspec/_core.c
+++ msgspec-0.19.0/msgspec/_core.c
@@ -452,6 +452,7 @@ typedef struct {
 #endif
     PyObject *astimezone;
     PyObject *re_compile;
+    PyObject *get_annotate_from_class_namespace;
     uint8_t gc_cycle;
 } MsgspecState;
 
@@ -5814,12 +5815,45 @@ structmeta_is_classvar(
 
 static int
 structmeta_collect_fields(StructMetaInfo *info, MsgspecState *mod, bool kwonly) {
-    PyObject *annotations = PyDict_GetItemString(
+    PyObject *annotations = PyDict_GetItemString(  // borrowed reference
         info->namespace, "__annotations__"
     );
-    if (annotations == NULL) return 0;
+    if (annotations == NULL) {
+        if (mod->get_annotate_from_class_namespace != NULL) {
+            PyObject *annotate = PyObject_CallOneArg(
+                mod->get_annotate_from_class_namespace, info->namespace
+            );
+            if (annotate == NULL) {
+                return -1;
+            }
+            if (annotate == Py_None) {
+                Py_DECREF(annotate);
+                return 0;
+            }
+            PyObject *format = PyLong_FromLong(1);  /* annotationlib.Format.VALUE */
+            if (format == NULL) {
+                Py_DECREF(annotate);
+                return -1;
+            }
+            annotations = PyObject_CallOneArg(
+                annotate, format
+            );
+            Py_DECREF(annotate);
+            Py_DECREF(format);
+            if (annotations == NULL) {
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            return 0;  // No annotations, nothing to do
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        Py_INCREF(annotations);
+    }
 
     if (!PyDict_Check(annotations)) {
+        Py_DECREF(annotations);
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "__annotations__ must be a dict");
         return -1;
     }
@@ -5869,6 +5903,7 @@ structmeta_collect_fields(StructMetaInfo
     }
     return 0;
 error:
+    Py_DECREF(annotations);
     Py_XDECREF(module_ns);
     return -1;
 }
@@ -22223,6 +22258,26 @@ PyInit__core(void)
     Py_DECREF(temp_module);
     if (st->re_compile == NULL) return NULL;
 
+    /* annotationlib.get_annotate_from_class_namespace */
+    temp_module = PyImport_ImportModule("annotationlib");
+    if (temp_module == NULL) {
+        if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_ModuleNotFoundError)) {
+            // Below Python 3.14
+            PyErr_Clear();
+            st->get_annotate_from_class_namespace = NULL;
+        }
+        else {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        st->get_annotate_from_class_namespace = PyObject_GetAttrString(
+            temp_module, "get_annotate_from_class_namespace"
+        );
+        Py_DECREF(temp_module);
+        if (st->get_annotate_from_class_namespace == NULL) return NULL;
+    }
+
     /* Initialize cached constant strings */
 #define CACHED_STRING(attr, str) \
     if ((st->attr = PyUnicode_InternFromString(str)) == NULL) return NULL
Index: msgspec-0.19.0/msgspec/_utils.py
===================================================================
--- msgspec-0.19.0.orig/msgspec/_utils.py
+++ msgspec-0.19.0/msgspec/_utils.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 # type: ignore
 import collections
+import inspect
 import sys
 import typing
 
@@ -71,6 +72,13 @@ else:
     _eval_type = typing._eval_type
 
 
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+    from inspect import get_annotations as _get_class_annotations
+else:
+    def _get_class_annotations(cls):
+        return cls.__dict__.get("__annotations__", {})
+
+
 def _apply_params(obj, mapping):
     if isinstance(obj, typing.TypeVar):
         return mapping.get(obj, obj)
@@ -149,17 +157,17 @@ def get_class_annotations(obj):
         cls_locals = dict(vars(cls))
         cls_globals = getattr(sys.modules.get(cls.__module__, None), "__dict__", {})
 
-        ann = cls.__dict__.get("__annotations__", {})
+        ann = _get_class_annotations(cls)
         for name, value in ann.items():
             if name in hints:
                 continue
-            if value is None:
-                value = type(None)
-            elif isinstance(value, str):
+            if isinstance(value, str):
                 value = _forward_ref(value)
             value = _eval_type(value, cls_locals, cls_globals)
             if mapping is not None:
                 value = _apply_params(value, mapping)
+            if value is None:
+                value = type(None)
             hints[name] = value
     return hints
 
Index: msgspec-0.19.0/tests/test_common.py
===================================================================
--- msgspec-0.19.0.orig/tests/test_common.py
+++ msgspec-0.19.0/tests/test_common.py
@@ -1370,14 +1370,14 @@ class TestGenericStruct:
         dec = proto.Decoder(typ)
         info = typ.__msgspec_cache__
         assert info is not None
-        assert sys.getrefcount(info) == 4  # info + attr + decoder + func call
+        assert sys.getrefcount(info) <= 4  # info + attr + decoder + func call
         dec2 = proto.Decoder(typ)
         assert typ.__msgspec_cache__ is info
-        assert sys.getrefcount(info) == 5
+        assert sys.getrefcount(info) <= 5
 
         del dec
         del dec2
-        assert sys.getrefcount(info) == 3
+        assert sys.getrefcount(info) <= 3
 
     def test_generic_struct_invalid_types_not_cached(self, proto):
         class Ex(Struct, Generic[T]):
@@ -1545,7 +1545,7 @@ class TestStructPostInit:
         res = proto.decode(buf, type=typ)
         assert res == msg
         assert count == 2  # 1 for Ex(), 1 for decode
-        assert sys.getrefcount(singleton) == 2  # 1 for ref, 1 for call
+        assert sys.getrefcount(singleton) <= 2  # 1 for ref, 1 for call
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("array_like", [False, True])
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("union", [False, True])
@@ -1606,14 +1606,14 @@ class TestGenericDataclassOrAttrs:
         dec = proto.Decoder(typ)
         info = typ.__msgspec_cache__
         assert info is not None
-        assert sys.getrefcount(info) == 4  # info + attr + decoder + func call
+        assert sys.getrefcount(info) <= 4  # info + attr + decoder + func call
         dec2 = proto.Decoder(typ)
         assert typ.__msgspec_cache__ is info
-        assert sys.getrefcount(info) == 5
+        assert sys.getrefcount(info) <= 5
 
         del dec
         del dec2
-        assert sys.getrefcount(info) == 3
+        assert sys.getrefcount(info) <= 3
 
     def test_generic_invalid_types_not_cached(self, decorator, proto):
         @decorator
@@ -2179,14 +2179,14 @@ class TestTypedDict:
         dec = proto.Decoder(typ)
         info = typ.__msgspec_cache__
         assert info is not None
-        assert sys.getrefcount(info) == 4  # info + attr + decoder + func call
+        assert sys.getrefcount(info) <= 4  # info + attr + decoder + func call
         dec2 = proto.Decoder(typ)
         assert typ.__msgspec_cache__ is info
-        assert sys.getrefcount(info) == 5
+        assert sys.getrefcount(info) <= 5
 
         del dec
         del dec2
-        assert sys.getrefcount(info) == 3
+        assert sys.getrefcount(info) <= 3
 
     def test_generic_typeddict_invalid_types_not_cached(self, proto):
         TypedDict = pytest.importorskip("typing_extensions").TypedDict
@@ -2398,14 +2398,14 @@ class TestNamedTuple:
         dec = proto.Decoder(typ)
         info = typ.__msgspec_cache__
         assert info is not None
-        assert sys.getrefcount(info) == 4  # info + attr + decoder + func call
+        assert sys.getrefcount(info) <= 4  # info + attr + decoder + func call
         dec2 = proto.Decoder(typ)
         assert typ.__msgspec_cache__ is info
-        assert sys.getrefcount(info) == 5
+        assert sys.getrefcount(info) <= 5
 
         del dec
         del dec2
-        assert sys.getrefcount(info) == 3
+        assert sys.getrefcount(info) <= 3
 
     def test_generic_namedtuple_invalid_types_not_cached(self, proto):
         NamedTuple = pytest.importorskip("typing_extensions").NamedTuple
Index: msgspec-0.19.0/tests/test_convert.py
===================================================================
--- msgspec-0.19.0.orig/tests/test_convert.py
+++ msgspec-0.19.0/tests/test_convert.py
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ class TestConvert:
         x = Custom()
         res = convert(x, Any)
         assert res is x
-        assert sys.getrefcount(x) == 3  # x + res + 1
+        assert sys.getrefcount(x) <= 3  # x + res + 1
 
     def test_custom_input_type_works_with_custom(self):
         class Custom:
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ class TestConvert:
         x = Custom()
         res = convert(x, Custom)
         assert res is x
-        assert sys.getrefcount(x) == 3  # x + res + 1
+        assert sys.getrefcount(x) <= 3  # x + res + 1
 
     def test_custom_input_type_works_with_dec_hook(self):
         class Custom:
@@ -247,8 +247,8 @@ class TestConvert:
         x = Custom()
         res = convert(x, Custom2, dec_hook=dec_hook)
         assert isinstance(res, Custom2)
-        assert sys.getrefcount(res) == 2  # res + 1
-        assert sys.getrefcount(x) == 2  # x + 1
+        assert sys.getrefcount(res) <= 2  # res + 1
+        assert sys.getrefcount(x) <= 2  # x + 1
 
     def test_unsupported_output_type(self):
         with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="more than one array-like"):
@@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ class TestInt:
         x = MyInt(100)
         sol = convert(x, MyInt)
         assert sol is x
-        assert sys.getrefcount(x) == 3  # x + sol + 1
+        assert sys.getrefcount(x) <= 3  # x + sol + 1
 
 
 class TestFloat:
@@ -535,10 +535,10 @@ class TestBinary:
 
         del sol
 
-        assert sys.getrefcount(msg) == 2  # msg + 1
+        assert sys.getrefcount(msg) <= 2  # msg + 1
         sol = convert(msg, MyBytes)
         assert sol is msg
-        assert sys.getrefcount(msg) == 3  # msg + sol + 1
+        assert sys.getrefcount(msg) <= 3  # msg + sol + 1
 
 
 class TestDateTime:
@@ -828,7 +828,7 @@ class TestEnum:
 
         msg = MyInt(1)
         assert convert(msg, Ex) is Ex.x
-        assert sys.getrefcount(msg) == 2  # msg + 1
+        assert sys.getrefcount(msg) <= 2  # msg + 1
         assert convert(MyInt(2), Ex) is Ex.y
 
     def test_enum_missing(self):
@@ -2223,7 +2223,7 @@ class TestStructPostInit:
         res = convert(msg, type=typ, from_attributes=from_attributes)
         assert type(res) is Ex
         assert called
-        assert sys.getrefcount(singleton) == 2  # 1 for ref, 1 for call
+        assert sys.getrefcount(singleton) <= 2  # 1 for ref, 1 for call
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("union", [False, True])
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("exc_class", [ValueError, TypeError, OSError])
Index: msgspec-0.19.0/tests/test_json.py
===================================================================
--- msgspec-0.19.0.orig/tests/test_json.py
+++ msgspec-0.19.0/tests/test_json.py
@@ -898,7 +898,7 @@ class TestDatetime:
         tz2 = msgspec.json.decode(msg, type=datetime.datetime).tzinfo
         assert tz is tz2
         del tz2
-        assert sys.getrefcount(tz) == 3  # 1 tz, 1 cache, 1 func call
+        assert sys.getrefcount(tz) <= 3  # 1 tz, 1 cache, 1 func call
         for _ in range(10):
             gc.collect()  # cache is cleared every 10 full collections
 
@@ -2293,7 +2293,7 @@ class TestStruct:
         assert x == Person("harry", "potter", 13, False)
 
         # one for struct, one for output of getattr, and one for getrefcount
-        assert sys.getrefcount(x.first) == 3
+        assert sys.getrefcount(x.first) <= 3
 
         with pytest.raises(
             msgspec.ValidationError, match="Expected `object`, got `int`"
Index: msgspec-0.19.0/tests/test_msgpack.py
===================================================================
--- msgspec-0.19.0.orig/tests/test_msgpack.py
+++ msgspec-0.19.0/tests/test_msgpack.py
@@ -684,13 +684,13 @@ class TestTypedDecoder:
         assert isinstance(res, memoryview)
         assert bytes(res) == b"abcde"
         if input_type is memoryview:
-            assert sys.getrefcount(ref) == 3
+            assert sys.getrefcount(ref) <= 3
             del msg
-            assert sys.getrefcount(ref) == 3
+            assert sys.getrefcount(ref) <= 3
             del res
-            assert sys.getrefcount(ref) == 2
+            assert sys.getrefcount(ref) <= 2
         elif input_type is bytes:
-            assert sys.getrefcount(msg) == 3
+            assert sys.getrefcount(msg) <= 3
 
     def test_datetime_aware_ext(self):
         dec = msgspec.msgpack.Decoder(datetime.datetime)
@@ -815,7 +815,7 @@ class TestTypedDecoder:
         res = dec.decode(enc.encode(x))
         assert res == x
         if res:
-            assert sys.getrefcount(res[0]) == 3  # 1 tuple, 1 index, 1 func call
+            assert sys.getrefcount(res[0]) <= 3  # 1 tuple, 1 index, 1 func call
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("typ", [tuple, Tuple, Tuple[Any, ...]])
     def test_vartuple_any(self, typ):
Index: msgspec-0.19.0/tests/test_struct.py
===================================================================
--- msgspec-0.19.0.orig/tests/test_struct.py
+++ msgspec-0.19.0/tests/test_struct.py
@@ -931,16 +931,16 @@ def test_struct_reference_counting():
     data = [1, 2, 3]
 
     t = Test(data)
-    assert sys.getrefcount(data) == 3
+    assert sys.getrefcount(data) <= 3
 
     repr(t)
-    assert sys.getrefcount(data) == 3
+    assert sys.getrefcount(data) <= 3
 
     t2 = t.__copy__()
-    assert sys.getrefcount(data) == 4
+    assert sys.getrefcount(data) <= 4
 
     assert t == t2
-    assert sys.getrefcount(data) == 4
+    assert sys.getrefcount(data) <= 4
 
 
 def test_struct_gc_not_added_if_not_needed():
@@ -2581,7 +2581,7 @@ class TestPostInit:
         Ex(1)
         assert called
         # Return value is decref'd
-        assert sys.getrefcount(singleton) == 2  # 1 for ref, 1 for call
+        assert sys.getrefcount(singleton) <= 2  # 1 for ref, 1 for call
 
     def test_post_init_errors(self):
         class Ex(Struct):