forked from pool/busybox
4531 lines
134 KiB
Groff
4531 lines
134 KiB
Groff
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.\" ========================================================================
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.\"
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.IX Title "BUSYBOX 1"
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.TH BUSYBOX 1 "2009-10-02" "version 1.16.0.git" "BusyBox"
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.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
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.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
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.if n .ad l
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.nh
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.SH "NAME"
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BusyBox \- The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux
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.SH "SYNTAX"
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.IX Header "SYNTAX"
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.Vb 1
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\& busybox <applet> [arguments...] # or
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\&
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\& <applet> [arguments...] # if symlinked
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.Ve
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.SH "DESCRIPTION"
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.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
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BusyBox combines tiny versions of many common \s-1UNIX\s0 utilities into a single
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small executable. It provides minimalist replacements for most of the utilities
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you usually find in \s-1GNU\s0 coreutils, util-linux, etc. The utilities in BusyBox
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generally have fewer options than their full-featured \s-1GNU\s0 cousins; however, the
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options that are included provide the expected functionality and behave very
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much like their \s-1GNU\s0 counterparts.
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.PP
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BusyBox has been written with size-optimization and limited resources in mind.
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It is also extremely modular so you can easily include or exclude commands (or
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features) at compile time. This makes it easy to customize your embedded
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systems. To create a working system, just add /dev, /etc, and a Linux kernel.
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BusyBox provides a fairly complete \s-1POSIX\s0 environment for any small or embedded
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system.
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.PP
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BusyBox is extremely configurable. This allows you to include only the
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components you need, thereby reducing binary size. Run 'make config' or 'make
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menuconfig' to select the functionality that you wish to enable. Then run
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\&'make' to compile BusyBox using your configuration.
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.PP
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After the compile has finished, you should use 'make install' to install
|
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BusyBox. This will install the 'bin/busybox' binary, in the target directory
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specified by \s-1CONFIG_PREFIX\s0. \s-1CONFIG_PREFIX\s0 can be set when configuring BusyBox,
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or you can specify an alternative location at install time (i.e., with a
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command line like 'make CONFIG_PREFIX=/tmp/foo install'). If you enabled
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any applet installation scheme (either as symlinks or hardlinks), these will
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also be installed in the location pointed to by \s-1CONFIG_PREFIX\s0.
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.SH "USAGE"
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.IX Header "USAGE"
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BusyBox is a multi-call binary. A multi-call binary is an executable program
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that performs the same job as more than one utility program. That means there
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is just a single BusyBox binary, but that single binary acts like a large
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number of utilities. This allows BusyBox to be smaller since all the built-in
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utility programs (we call them applets) can share code for many common
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|
operations.
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.PP
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You can also invoke BusyBox by issuing a command as an argument on the
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command line. For example, entering
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.PP
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.Vb 1
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\& /bin/busybox ls
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.Ve
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.PP
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will also cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls'.
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.PP
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Of course, adding '/bin/busybox' into every command would be painful. So most
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people will invoke BusyBox using links to the BusyBox binary.
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.PP
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For example, entering
|
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.PP
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.Vb 2
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\& ln \-s /bin/busybox ls
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\& ./ls
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.Ve
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.PP
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will cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls' (if the 'ls' command has been compiled
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into BusyBox). Generally speaking, you should never need to make all these
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links yourself, as the BusyBox build system will do this for you when you run
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the 'make install' command.
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.PP
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If you invoke BusyBox with no arguments, it will provide you with a list of the
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applets that have been compiled into your BusyBox binary.
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.SH "COMMON OPTIONS"
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.IX Header "COMMON OPTIONS"
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Most BusyBox applets support the \fB\-\-help\fR argument to provide a terse runtime
|
||
|
|
description of their behavior. If the \s-1CONFIG_FEATURE_VERBOSE_USAGE\s0 option has
|
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been enabled, more detailed usage information will also be available.
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.SH "COMMANDS"
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.IX Header "COMMANDS"
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Currently available applets include:
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.PP
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.Vb 10
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\& [, [[, acpid, addgroup, adduser, adjtimex, ar, arp, arping, ash,
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\& awk, basename, beep, blkid, brctl, bunzip2, bzcat, bzip2, cal, cat,
|
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|
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\& catv, chat, chattr, chgrp, chmod, chown, chpasswd, chpst, chroot,
|
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|
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\& chrt, chvt, cksum, clear, cmp, comm, cp, cpio, crond, crontab,
|
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\& cryptpw, cut, date, dc, dd, deallocvt, delgroup, deluser, depmod,
|
||
|
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\& devmem, df, dhcprelay, diff, dirname, dmesg, dnsd, dnsdomainname,
|
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|
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\& dos2unix, dpkg, du, dumpkmap, dumpleases, echo, ed, egrep, eject,
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\& env, envdir, envuidgid, expand, expr, fakeidentd, false, fbset,
|
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\& fbsplash, fdflush, fdformat, fdisk, fgrep, find, findfs, flash_lock,
|
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\& flash_unlock, fold, free, freeramdisk, fsck, fsck.minix, fsync,
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\& ftpd, ftpget, ftpput, fuser, getopt, getty, grep, gunzip, gzip, hd,
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\& hdparm, head, hexdump, hostid, hostname, httpd, hush, hwclock, id,
|
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|
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\& ifconfig, ifdown, ifenslave, ifplugd, ifup, inetd, init, inotifyd,
|
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|
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\& insmod, install, ionice, ip, ipaddr, ipcalc, ipcrm, ipcs, iplink,
|
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|
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\& iproute, iprule, iptunnel, kbd_mode, kill, killall, killall5, klogd,
|
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|
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\& last, length, less, linux32, linux64, linuxrc, ln, loadfont,
|
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\& loadkmap, logger, login, logname, logread, losetup, lpd, lpq, lpr,
|
||
|
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\& ls, lsattr, lsmod, lzmacat, lzop, lzopcat, makemime, man, md5sum,
|
||
|
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\& mdev, mesg, microcom, mkdir, mkdosfs, mkfifo, mkfs.minix, mkfs.vfat,
|
||
|
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\& mknod, mkpasswd, mkswap, mktemp, modprobe, more, mount, mountpoint,
|
||
|
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\& mt, mv, nameif, nc, netstat, nice, nmeter, nohup, nslookup, od,
|
||
|
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\& openvt, passwd, patch, pgrep, pidof, ping, ping6, pipe_progress,
|
||
|
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\& pivot_root, pkill, popmaildir, printenv, printf, ps, pscan, pwd,
|
||
|
|
\& raidautorun, rdate, rdev, readlink, readprofile, realpath,
|
||
|
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\& reformime, renice, reset, resize, rm, rmdir, rmmod, route, rpm,
|
||
|
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\& rpm2cpio, rtcwake, run\-parts, runlevel, runsv, runsvdir, rx, script,
|
||
|
|
\& scriptreplay, sed, sendmail, seq, setarch, setconsole, setfont,
|
||
|
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\& setkeycodes, setlogcons, setsid, setuidgid, sh, sha1sum, sha256sum,
|
||
|
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\& sha512sum, showkey, slattach, sleep, softlimit, sort, split,
|
||
|
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\& start\-stop\-daemon, stat, strings, stty, su, sulogin, sum, sv,
|
||
|
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\& svlogd, swapoff, swapon, switch_root, sync, sysctl, syslogd, tac,
|
||
|
|
\& tail, tar, taskset, tcpsvd, tee, telnet, telnetd, test, tftp, tftpd,
|
||
|
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\& time, timeout, top, touch, tr, traceroute, true, tty, ttysize,
|
||
|
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\& udhcpc, udhcpd, udpsvd, umount, uname, uncompress, unexpand, uniq,
|
||
|
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\& unix2dos, unlzma, unlzop, unzip, uptime, usleep, uudecode, uuencode,
|
||
|
|
\& vconfig, vi, vlock, volname, watch, watchdog, wc, wget, which, who,
|
||
|
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\& whoami, xargs, yes, zcat, zcip
|
||
|
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.Ve
|
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|
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.SH "COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS"
|
||
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.IX Header "COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS"
|
||
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.IP "\fBacpid\fR" 4
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||
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.IX Item "acpid"
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||
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acpid [\-d] [\-c \s-1CONFDIR\s0] [\-l \s-1LOGFILE\s0] [\-e \s-1PROC_EVENT_FILE\s0] [\s-1EVDEV_EVENT_FILE\s0...]
|
||
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.Sp
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Listen to \s-1ACPI\s0 events and spawn specific helpers on event arrival
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||
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.Sp
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Options:
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.Sp
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.Vb 4
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||
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\& \-d Do not daemonize and log to stderr
|
||
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\& \-c DIR Config directory [/etc/acpi]
|
||
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\& \-e FILE /proc event file [/proc/acpi/event]
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\& \-l FILE Log file [/var/log/acpid]
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.Ve
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.Sp
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Accept and ignore compatibility options \-g \-m \-s \-S \-v
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||
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.IP "\fBaddgroup\fR" 4
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.IX Item "addgroup"
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addgroup [\-g \s-1GID\s0] [user_name] group_name
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.Sp
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Add a group or add a user to a group
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.Sp
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Options:
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.Sp
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.Vb 2
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\& \-g GID Group id
|
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\& \-S Create a system group
|
||
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.Ve
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.IP "\fBadduser\fR" 4
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.IX Item "adduser"
|
||
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adduser [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] user_name
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.Sp
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Add a user
|
||
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.Sp
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Options:
|
||
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.Sp
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.Vb 8
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\& \-h DIR Home directory
|
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\& \-g GECOS GECOS field
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||
|
|
\& \-s SHELL Login shell
|
||
|
|
\& \-G GRP Add user to existing group
|
||
|
|
\& \-S Create a system user
|
||
|
|
\& \-D Do not assign a password
|
||
|
|
\& \-H Do not create home directory
|
||
|
|
\& \-u UID User id
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBadjtimex\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "adjtimex"
|
||
|
|
adjtimex [\-q] [\-o offset] [\-f frequency] [\-p timeconstant] [\-t tick]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Read and optionally set system timebase parameters. See \fIadjtimex\fR\|(2).
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 6
|
||
|
|
\& \-q Quiet
|
||
|
|
\& \-o offset Time offset, microseconds
|
||
|
|
\& \-f frequency Frequency adjust, integer kernel units (65536 is 1ppm)
|
||
|
|
\& (positive values make clock run faster)
|
||
|
|
\& \-t tick Microseconds per tick, usually 10000
|
||
|
|
\& \-p timeconstant
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBar\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "ar"
|
||
|
|
ar [\-o] [\-v] [\-p] [\-t] [\-x] \s-1ARCHIVE\s0 \s-1FILES\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Extract or list \s-1FILES\s0 from an ar archive
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 5
|
||
|
|
\& \-o Preserve original dates
|
||
|
|
\& \-p Extract to stdout
|
||
|
|
\& \-t List
|
||
|
|
\& \-x Extract
|
||
|
|
\& \-v Verbose
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBarp\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "arp"
|
||
|
|
arp
|
||
|
|
[\-vn] [\-H type] [\-i if] \-a [hostname]
|
||
|
|
[\-v] [\-i if] \-d hostname [pub]
|
||
|
|
[\-v] [\-H type] [\-i if] \-s hostname hw_addr [temp]
|
||
|
|
[\-v] [\-H type] [\-i if] \-s hostname hw_addr [netmask nm] pub
|
||
|
|
[\-v] [\-H type] [\-i if] \-Ds hostname ifa [netmask nm] pub
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Manipulate \s-1ARP\s0 cache
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 9
|
||
|
|
\& \-a Display (all) hosts
|
||
|
|
\& \-s Set new ARP entry
|
||
|
|
\& \-d Delete a specified entry
|
||
|
|
\& \-v Verbose
|
||
|
|
\& \-n Don\*(Aqt resolve names
|
||
|
|
\& \-i IF Network interface
|
||
|
|
\& \-D Read <hwaddr> from given device
|
||
|
|
\& \-A, \-p AF Protocol family
|
||
|
|
\& \-H HWTYPE Hardware address type
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBarping\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "arping"
|
||
|
|
arping [\-fqbDUA] [\-c count] [\-w timeout] [\-I dev] [\-s sender] target
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Send \s-1ARP\s0 requests/replies
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 11
|
||
|
|
\& \-f Quit on first ARP reply
|
||
|
|
\& \-q Quiet
|
||
|
|
\& \-b Keep broadcasting, don\*(Aqt go unicast
|
||
|
|
\& \-D Duplicated address detection mode
|
||
|
|
\& \-U Unsolicited ARP mode, update your neighbors
|
||
|
|
\& \-A ARP answer mode, update your neighbors
|
||
|
|
\& \-c N Stop after sending N ARP requests
|
||
|
|
\& \-w timeout Time to wait for ARP reply, in seconds
|
||
|
|
\& \-I dev Interface to use (default eth0)
|
||
|
|
\& \-s sender Sender IP address
|
||
|
|
\& target Target IP address
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBawk\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "awk"
|
||
|
|
awk [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1AWK_PROGRAM\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 3
|
||
|
|
\& \-v VAR=VAL Set variable
|
||
|
|
\& \-F SEP Use SEP as field separator
|
||
|
|
\& \-f FILE Read program from file
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBbasename\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "basename"
|
||
|
|
basename \s-1FILE\s0 [\s-1SUFFIX\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Strip directory path and .SUFFIX from \s-1FILE\s0
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBbeep\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "beep"
|
||
|
|
beep \-f freq \-l length \-d delay \-r repetitions \-n
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 5
|
||
|
|
\& \-f Frequency in Hz
|
||
|
|
\& \-l Length in ms
|
||
|
|
\& \-d Delay in ms
|
||
|
|
\& \-r Repetitions
|
||
|
|
\& \-n Start new tone
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBblkid\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "blkid"
|
||
|
|
blkid
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Print UUIDs of all filesystems
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBbrctl\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "brctl"
|
||
|
|
brctl \s-1COMMAND\s0 [\s-1BRIDGE\s0 [\s-1INTERFACE\s0]]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Manage ethernet bridges
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Commands:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 10
|
||
|
|
\& show Show a list of bridges
|
||
|
|
\& addbr BRIDGE Create BRIDGE
|
||
|
|
\& delbr BRIDGE Delete BRIDGE
|
||
|
|
\& addif BRIDGE IFACE Add IFACE to BRIDGE
|
||
|
|
\& delif BRIDGE IFACE Delete IFACE from BRIDGE
|
||
|
|
\& setageing BRIDGE TIME Set ageing time
|
||
|
|
\& setfd BRIDGE TIME Set bridge forward delay
|
||
|
|
\& sethello BRIDGE TIME Set hello time
|
||
|
|
\& setmaxage BRIDGE TIME Set max message age
|
||
|
|
\& setpathcost BRIDGE COST Set path cost
|
||
|
|
\& setportprio BRIDGE PRIO Set port priority
|
||
|
|
\& setbridgeprio BRIDGE PRIO Set bridge priority
|
||
|
|
\& stp BRIDGE [1|0] STP on/off
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBbunzip2\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "bunzip2"
|
||
|
|
bunzip2 [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Uncompress \s-1FILE\s0 (or standard input if \s-1FILE\s0 is '\-' or omitted)
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 2
|
||
|
|
\& \-c Write to standard output
|
||
|
|
\& \-f Force
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBbzcat\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "bzcat"
|
||
|
|
bzcat \s-1FILE\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Uncompress to stdout
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBbzip2\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "bzip2"
|
||
|
|
bzip2 [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Compress \s-1FILE\s0(s) with bzip2 algorithm.
|
||
|
|
When \s-1FILE\s0 is '\-' or unspecified, reads standard input. Implies \-c.
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 4
|
||
|
|
\& \-c Write to standard output
|
||
|
|
\& \-d Decompress
|
||
|
|
\& \-f Force
|
||
|
|
\& \-1..\-9 Compression level
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBcal\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "cal"
|
||
|
|
cal [\-jy] [[month] year]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Display a calendar
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 2
|
||
|
|
\& \-j Use julian dates
|
||
|
|
\& \-y Display the entire year
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBcat\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "cat"
|
||
|
|
cat [\-u] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Concatenate \s-1FILE\s0(s) and print them to stdout
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& \-u Use unbuffered i/o (ignored)
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBcatv\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "catv"
|
||
|
|
catv [\-etv] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Display nonprinting characters as ^x or M\-x
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 3
|
||
|
|
\& \-e End each line with $
|
||
|
|
\& \-t Show tabs as ^I
|
||
|
|
\& \-v Don\*(Aqt use ^x or M\-x escapes
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBchat\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "chat"
|
||
|
|
chat \s-1EXPECT\s0 [\s-1SEND\s0 [\s-1EXPECT\s0 [\s-1SEND\s0...]]]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Useful for interacting with a modem connected to stdin/stdout.
|
||
|
|
A script consists of one or more \*(L"expect-send\*(R" pairs of strings,
|
||
|
|
each pair is a pair of arguments. Example:
|
||
|
|
chat '' \s-1ATZ\s0 \s-1OK\s0 \s-1ATD123456\s0 \s-1CONNECT\s0 '' ogin: pppuser word: ppppass '~'
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBchattr\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "chattr"
|
||
|
|
chattr [\-R] [\-+=AacDdijsStTu] [\-v version] files...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Change file attributes on an ext2 fs
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Modifiers:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 4
|
||
|
|
\& \- Remove attributes
|
||
|
|
\& + Add attributes
|
||
|
|
\& = Set attributes
|
||
|
|
\&Attributes:
|
||
|
|
\&
|
||
|
|
\& A Don\*(Aqt track atime
|
||
|
|
\& a Append mode only
|
||
|
|
\& c Enable compress
|
||
|
|
\& D Write dir contents synchronously
|
||
|
|
\& d Do not backup with dump
|
||
|
|
\& i Cannot be modified (immutable)
|
||
|
|
\& j Write all data to journal first
|
||
|
|
\& s Zero disk storage when deleted
|
||
|
|
\& S Write file contents synchronously
|
||
|
|
\& t Disable tail\-merging of partial blocks with other files
|
||
|
|
\& u Allow file to be undeleted
|
||
|
|
\&Options:
|
||
|
|
\&
|
||
|
|
\& \-R Recursively list subdirectories
|
||
|
|
\& \-v Set the file\*(Aqs version/generation number
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBchgrp\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "chgrp"
|
||
|
|
chgrp [\-RhLHPcvf]... \s-1GROUP\s0 \s-1FILE\s0...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Change the group membership of each \s-1FILE\s0 to \s-1GROUP\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 8
|
||
|
|
\& \-R Recurse
|
||
|
|
\& \-h Affect symlinks instead of symlink targets
|
||
|
|
\& \-L Traverse all symlinks to directories
|
||
|
|
\& \-H Traverse symlinks on command line only
|
||
|
|
\& \-P Do not traverse symlinks (default)
|
||
|
|
\& \-c List changed files
|
||
|
|
\& \-v Verbose
|
||
|
|
\& \-f Hide errors
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBchmod\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "chmod"
|
||
|
|
chmod [\-Rcvf] MODE[,MODE]... \s-1FILE\s0...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Each \s-1MODE\s0 is one or more of the letters ugoa, one of the
|
||
|
|
symbols +\-= and one or more of the letters rwxst
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 4
|
||
|
|
\& \-R Recurse
|
||
|
|
\& \-c List changed files
|
||
|
|
\& \-v List all files
|
||
|
|
\& \-f Hide errors
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBchown\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "chown"
|
||
|
|
chown [\-RhLHPcvf]... OWNER[<.|:>[\s-1GROUP\s0]] \s-1FILE\s0...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Change the owner and/or group of each \s-1FILE\s0 to \s-1OWNER\s0 and/or \s-1GROUP\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 8
|
||
|
|
\& \-R Recurse
|
||
|
|
\& \-h Affect symlinks instead of symlink targets
|
||
|
|
\& \-L Traverse all symlinks to directories
|
||
|
|
\& \-H Traverse symlinks on command line only
|
||
|
|
\& \-P Do not traverse symlinks (default)
|
||
|
|
\& \-c List changed files
|
||
|
|
\& \-v List all files
|
||
|
|
\& \-f Hide errors
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBchpasswd\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "chpasswd"
|
||
|
|
chpasswd [\-\-md5|\-\-encrypted]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Read user:password from stdin and update /etc/passwd
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 2
|
||
|
|
\& \-e,\-\-encrypted Supplied passwords are in encrypted form
|
||
|
|
\& \-m,\-\-md5 Use MD5 encryption instead of DES
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBchpst\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "chpst"
|
||
|
|
chpst [\-vP012] [\-u USER[:GRP]] [\-U USER[:GRP]] [\-e \s-1DIR\s0]
|
||
|
|
[\-/ \s-1DIR\s0] [\-n \s-1NICE\s0] [\-m \s-1BYTES\s0] [\-d \s-1BYTES\s0] [\-o N]
|
||
|
|
[\-p N] [\-f \s-1BYTES\s0] [\-c \s-1BYTES\s0] \s-1PROG\s0 \s-1ARGS\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Change the process state and run \s-1PROG\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 10
|
||
|
|
\& \-u USER[:GRP] Set uid and gid
|
||
|
|
\& \-U USER[:GRP] Set $UID and $GID in environment
|
||
|
|
\& \-e DIR Set environment variables as specified by files
|
||
|
|
\& in DIR: file=1st_line_of_file
|
||
|
|
\& \-/ DIR Chroot to DIR
|
||
|
|
\& \-n NICE Add NICE to nice value
|
||
|
|
\& \-m BYTES Same as \-d BYTES \-s BYTES \-l BYTES
|
||
|
|
\& \-d BYTES Limit data segment
|
||
|
|
\& \-o N Limit number of open files per process
|
||
|
|
\& \-p N Limit number of processes per uid
|
||
|
|
\& \-f BYTES Limit output file sizes
|
||
|
|
\& \-c BYTES Limit core file size
|
||
|
|
\& \-v Verbose
|
||
|
|
\& \-P Create new process group
|
||
|
|
\& \-0 Close standard input
|
||
|
|
\& \-1 Close standard output
|
||
|
|
\& \-2 Close standard error
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBchroot\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "chroot"
|
||
|
|
chroot \s-1NEWROOT\s0 [\s-1PROG\s0 [\s-1ARGS\s0]]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Run \s-1PROG\s0 with root directory set to \s-1NEWROOT\s0
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBchrt\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "chrt"
|
||
|
|
chrt [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1PRIO\s0] [\s-1PID\s0 | \s-1PROG\s0 [\s-1ARGS\s0]]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Manipulate real-time attributes of a process
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 5
|
||
|
|
\& \-p Operate on pid
|
||
|
|
\& \-r Set scheduling policy to SCHED_RR
|
||
|
|
\& \-f Set scheduling policy to SCHED_FIFO
|
||
|
|
\& \-o Set scheduling policy to SCHED_OTHER
|
||
|
|
\& \-m Show min and max priorities
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBchvt\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "chvt"
|
||
|
|
chvt N
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Change the foreground virtual terminal to /dev/ttyN
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBcksum\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "cksum"
|
||
|
|
cksum \s-1FILES\s0...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Calculate the \s-1CRC32\s0 checksums of \s-1FILES\s0
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBclear\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "clear"
|
||
|
|
clear
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Clear screen
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBcmp\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "cmp"
|
||
|
|
cmp [\-l] [\-s] \s-1FILE1\s0 [\s-1FILE2\s0 [\s-1SKIP1\s0 [\s-1SKIP2\s0]]]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Compares \s-1FILE1\s0 vs stdin if \s-1FILE2\s0 is not specified
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 3
|
||
|
|
\& \-l Write the byte numbers (decimal) and values (octal)
|
||
|
|
\& for all differing bytes
|
||
|
|
\& \-s Quiet
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBcomm\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "comm"
|
||
|
|
comm [\-123] \s-1FILE1\s0 \s-1FILE2\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Compare \s-1FILE1\s0 to \s-1FILE2\s0, or to stdin if \- is specified
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 3
|
||
|
|
\& \-1 Suppress lines unique to FILE1
|
||
|
|
\& \-2 Suppress lines unique to FILE2
|
||
|
|
\& \-3 Suppress lines common to both files
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBcp\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "cp"
|
||
|
|
cp [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1SOURCE\s0 \s-1DEST\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Copy \s-1SOURCE\s0 to \s-1DEST\s0, or multiple \s-1SOURCE\s0(s) to \s-1DIRECTORY\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 8
|
||
|
|
\& \-a Same as \-dpR
|
||
|
|
\& \-d,\-P Preserve links
|
||
|
|
\& \-H,\-L Dereference all symlinks (default)
|
||
|
|
\& \-p Preserve file attributes if possible
|
||
|
|
\& \-f Force overwrite
|
||
|
|
\& \-i Prompt before overwrite
|
||
|
|
\& \-R,\-r Recurse
|
||
|
|
\& \-l,\-s Create (sym)links
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBcpio\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "cpio"
|
||
|
|
cpio \-[tiopdmvu] [\-F \s-1FILE\s0] [\-H newc]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Extract or list files from a cpio archive, or create a cpio archive
|
||
|
|
Main operation mode:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 5
|
||
|
|
\& \-t List
|
||
|
|
\& \-i Extract
|
||
|
|
\& \-o Create
|
||
|
|
\& \-p Passthrough
|
||
|
|
\&Options:
|
||
|
|
\&
|
||
|
|
\& \-d Make leading directories
|
||
|
|
\& \-m Preserve mtime
|
||
|
|
\& \-v Verbose
|
||
|
|
\& \-u Overwrite
|
||
|
|
\& \-F Input file
|
||
|
|
\& \-H Define format
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBcrond\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "crond"
|
||
|
|
crond \-fbS \-l N \-d N \-L \s-1LOGFILE\s0 \-c \s-1DIR\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 7
|
||
|
|
\& \-f Foreground
|
||
|
|
\& \-b Background (default)
|
||
|
|
\& \-S Log to syslog (default)
|
||
|
|
\& \-l Set log level. 0 is the most verbose, default 8
|
||
|
|
\& \-d Set log level, log to stderr
|
||
|
|
\& \-L Log to file
|
||
|
|
\& \-c Working dir
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBcrontab\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "crontab"
|
||
|
|
crontab [\-c \s-1DIR\s0] [\-u \s-1USER\s0] [\-ler]|[\s-1FILE\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 6
|
||
|
|
\& \-c Crontab directory
|
||
|
|
\& \-u User
|
||
|
|
\& \-l List crontab
|
||
|
|
\& \-e Edit crontab
|
||
|
|
\& \-r Delete crontab
|
||
|
|
\& FILE Replace crontab by FILE (\*(Aq\-\*(Aq: stdin)
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBcryptpw\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "cryptpw"
|
||
|
|
cryptpw [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1PASSWORD\s0] [\s-1SALT\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Crypt the \s-1PASSWORD\s0 using \fIcrypt\fR\|(3)
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 3
|
||
|
|
\& \-P,\-\-password\-fd=NUM Read password from fd NUM
|
||
|
|
\& \-m,\-\-method=TYPE Encryption method TYPE
|
||
|
|
\& \-S,\-\-salt=SALT
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBcut\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "cut"
|
||
|
|
cut [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Print selected fields from each input \s-1FILE\s0 to standard output
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 6
|
||
|
|
\& \-b LIST Output only bytes from LIST
|
||
|
|
\& \-c LIST Output only characters from LIST
|
||
|
|
\& \-d CHAR Use CHAR instead of tab as the field delimiter
|
||
|
|
\& \-s Output only the lines containing delimiter
|
||
|
|
\& \-f N Print only these fields
|
||
|
|
\& \-n Ignored
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBdate\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "date"
|
||
|
|
date [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [+FMT] [\s-1TIME\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Display time (using +FMT), or set time
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 10
|
||
|
|
\& [\-s] TIME Set time to TIME
|
||
|
|
\& \-u Work in UTC (don\*(Aqt convert to local time)
|
||
|
|
\& \-R Output RFC\-822 compliant date string
|
||
|
|
\& \-I[SPEC] Output ISO\-8601 compliant date string
|
||
|
|
\& SPEC=\*(Aqdate\*(Aq (default) for date only,
|
||
|
|
\& \*(Aqhours\*(Aq, \*(Aqminutes\*(Aq, or \*(Aqseconds\*(Aq for date and
|
||
|
|
\& time to the indicated precision
|
||
|
|
\& \-r FILE Display last modification time of FILE
|
||
|
|
\& \-d TIME Display TIME, not \*(Aqnow\*(Aq
|
||
|
|
\& \-D FMT Use FMT for \-d TIME conversion
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Recognized \s-1TIME\s0 formats:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 4
|
||
|
|
\& hh:mm[:ss]
|
||
|
|
\& [YYYY.]MM.DD\-hh:mm[:ss]
|
||
|
|
\& YYYY\-MM\-DD hh:mm[:ss]
|
||
|
|
\& [[[[[YY]YY]MM]DD]hh]mm[.ss]
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBdc\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "dc"
|
||
|
|
dc expression...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Tiny \s-1RPN\s0 calculator. Operations:
|
||
|
|
+, add, \-, sub, *, mul, /, div, %, mod, **, exp, and, or, not, eor,
|
||
|
|
p \- print top of the stack (without altering the stack),
|
||
|
|
f \- print entire stack, o \- pop the value and set output radix
|
||
|
|
(value must be 10 or 16).
|
||
|
|
Examples: 'dc 2 2 add' \-> 4, 'dc 8 8 * 2 2 + /' \-> 16.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBdd\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "dd"
|
||
|
|
dd [if=FILE] [of=FILE] [ibs=N] [obs=N] [bs=N] [count=N] [skip=N]
|
||
|
|
[seek=N] [conv=notrunc|noerror|sync|fsync]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Copy a file with converting and formatting
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 12
|
||
|
|
\& if=FILE Read from FILE instead of stdin
|
||
|
|
\& of=FILE Write to FILE instead of stdout
|
||
|
|
\& bs=N Read and write N bytes at a time
|
||
|
|
\& ibs=N Read N bytes at a time
|
||
|
|
\& obs=N Write N bytes at a time
|
||
|
|
\& count=N Copy only N input blocks
|
||
|
|
\& skip=N Skip N input blocks
|
||
|
|
\& seek=N Skip N output blocks
|
||
|
|
\& conv=notrunc Don\*(Aqt truncate output file
|
||
|
|
\& conv=noerror Continue after read errors
|
||
|
|
\& conv=sync Pad blocks with zeros
|
||
|
|
\& conv=fsync Physically write data out before finishing
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Numbers may be suffixed by c (x1), w (x2), b (x512), kD (x1000), k (x1024),
|
||
|
|
\&\s-1MD\s0 (x1000000), M (x1048576), \s-1GD\s0 (x1000000000) or G (x1073741824)
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBdeallocvt\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "deallocvt"
|
||
|
|
deallocvt [N]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Deallocate unused virtual terminal /dev/ttyN
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBdelgroup\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "delgroup"
|
||
|
|
delgroup [\s-1USER\s0] \s-1GROUP\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Delete group \s-1GROUP\s0 from the system or user \s-1USER\s0 from group \s-1GROUP\s0
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBdeluser\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "deluser"
|
||
|
|
deluser \s-1USER\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Delete \s-1USER\s0 from the system
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBdevmem\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "devmem"
|
||
|
|
devmem \s-1ADDRESS\s0 [\s-1WIDTH\s0 [\s-1VALUE\s0]]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Read/write from physical address
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 3
|
||
|
|
\& ADDRESS Address to act upon
|
||
|
|
\& WIDTH Width (8/16/...)
|
||
|
|
\& VALUE Data to be written
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBdf\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "df"
|
||
|
|
df [\-Pkmhai] [\-B \s-1SIZE\s0] [\s-1FILESYSTEM\s0...]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Print filesystem usage statistics
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 7
|
||
|
|
\& \-P POSIX output format
|
||
|
|
\& \-k 1024\-byte blocks (default)
|
||
|
|
\& \-m 1M\-byte blocks
|
||
|
|
\& \-h Human readable (e.g. 1K 243M 2G)
|
||
|
|
\& \-a Show all filesystems
|
||
|
|
\& \-i Inodes
|
||
|
|
\& \-B SIZE Blocksize
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBdhcprelay\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "dhcprelay"
|
||
|
|
dhcprelay CLIENT_IFACE[,CLIENT_IFACE2...] \s-1SERVER_IFACE\s0 [\s-1SERVER_IP\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Relay \s-1DHCP\s0 requests between clients and server
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBdiff\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "diff"
|
||
|
|
diff [\-abdiNqrTstw] [\-L \s-1LABEL\s0] [\-S \s-1FILE\s0] [\-U \s-1LINES\s0] \s-1FILE1\s0 \s-1FILE2\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Compare files line by line and output the differences between them.
|
||
|
|
This implementation supports unified diffs only.
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 10
|
||
|
|
\& \-a Treat all files as text
|
||
|
|
\& \-b Ignore changes in the amount of whitespace
|
||
|
|
\& \-d Try hard to find a smaller set of changes
|
||
|
|
\& \-i Ignore case differences
|
||
|
|
\& \-L Use LABEL instead of the filename in the unified header
|
||
|
|
\& \-N Treat absent files as empty
|
||
|
|
\& \-q Output only whether files differ
|
||
|
|
\& \-r Recursively compare subdirectories
|
||
|
|
\& \-S Start with FILE when comparing directories
|
||
|
|
\& \-T Make tabs line up by prefixing a tab when necessary
|
||
|
|
\& \-s Report when two files are the same
|
||
|
|
\& \-t Expand tabs to spaces in output
|
||
|
|
\& \-U Output LINES lines of context
|
||
|
|
\& \-w Ignore all whitespace
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBdirname\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "dirname"
|
||
|
|
dirname \s-1FILENAME\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Strip non-directory suffix from \s-1FILENAME\s0
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBdmesg\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "dmesg"
|
||
|
|
dmesg [\-c] [\-n \s-1LEVEL\s0] [\-s \s-1SIZE\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Print or control the kernel ring buffer
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 3
|
||
|
|
\& \-c Clear ring buffer after printing
|
||
|
|
\& \-n LEVEL Set console logging level
|
||
|
|
\& \-s SIZE Buffer size
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBdnsd\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "dnsd"
|
||
|
|
dnsd [\-c config] [\-t seconds] [\-p port] [\-i iface\-ip] [\-d]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Small static \s-1DNS\s0 server daemon
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 5
|
||
|
|
\& \-c Config filename
|
||
|
|
\& \-t TTL in seconds
|
||
|
|
\& \-p Listening port
|
||
|
|
\& \-i Listening ip (default all)
|
||
|
|
\& \-d Daemonize
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBdos2unix\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "dos2unix"
|
||
|
|
dos2unix [\s-1OPTION\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Convert \s-1FILE\s0 in-place from \s-1DOS\s0 to Unix format.
|
||
|
|
When no file is given, use stdin/stdout.
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 2
|
||
|
|
\& \-u dos2unix
|
||
|
|
\& \-d unix2dos
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBdpkg\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "dpkg"
|
||
|
|
dpkg [\-ilCPru] [\-F option] package_name
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Install, remove and manage Debian packages
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 7
|
||
|
|
\& \-i Install the package
|
||
|
|
\& \-l List of installed packages
|
||
|
|
\& \-C Configure an unpackaged package
|
||
|
|
\& \-F depends Ignore dependency problems
|
||
|
|
\& \-P Purge all files of a package
|
||
|
|
\& \-r Remove all but the configuration files for a package
|
||
|
|
\& \-u Unpack a package, but don\*(Aqt configure it
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBdu\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "du"
|
||
|
|
du [\-aHLdclsxhmk] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Summarize disk space used for each \s-1FILE\s0 and/or directory.
|
||
|
|
Disk space is printed in units of 1024 bytes.
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 11
|
||
|
|
\& \-a Show file sizes too
|
||
|
|
\& \-H Follow symlinks on command line
|
||
|
|
\& \-L Follow all symlinks
|
||
|
|
\& \-d N Limit output to directories (and files with \-a) of depth < N
|
||
|
|
\& \-c Show grand total
|
||
|
|
\& \-l Count sizes many times if hard linked
|
||
|
|
\& \-s Display only a total for each argument
|
||
|
|
\& \-x Skip directories on different filesystems
|
||
|
|
\& \-h Sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 243M 2G )
|
||
|
|
\& \-m Sizes in megabytes
|
||
|
|
\& \-k Sizes in kilobytes (default)
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBdumpkmap\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "dumpkmap"
|
||
|
|
dumpkmap > keymap
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Print a binary keyboard translation table to standard output
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBdumpleases\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "dumpleases"
|
||
|
|
dumpleases [\-r|\-a] [\-f \s-1LEASEFILE\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Display \s-1DHCP\s0 leases granted by udhcpd
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 3
|
||
|
|
\& \-f,\-\-file=FILE Leases file to load
|
||
|
|
\& \-r,\-\-remaining Interpret lease times as time remaining
|
||
|
|
\& \-a,\-\-absolute Interpret lease times as expire time
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBecho\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "echo"
|
||
|
|
echo [\-neE] [\s-1ARG\s0...]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Print the specified ARGs to stdout
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 3
|
||
|
|
\& \-n Suppress trailing newline
|
||
|
|
\& \-e Interpret backslash\-escaped characters (i.e., \et=tab)
|
||
|
|
\& \-E Disable interpretation of backslash\-escaped characters
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBed\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "ed"
|
||
|
|
ed
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBeject\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "eject"
|
||
|
|
eject [\-t] [\-T] [\s-1DEVICE\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Eject specified \s-1DEVICE\s0 (or default /dev/cdrom)
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 3
|
||
|
|
\& \-s SCSI device
|
||
|
|
\& \-t Close tray
|
||
|
|
\& \-T Open/close tray (toggle)
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBenv\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "env"
|
||
|
|
env [\-iu] [\-] [name=value]... [\s-1PROG\s0 [\s-1ARGS\s0]]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Print the current environment or run \s-1PROG\s0 after setting up
|
||
|
|
the specified environment
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 2
|
||
|
|
\& \-, \-i Start with an empty environment
|
||
|
|
\& \-u Remove variable from the environment
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBenvdir\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "envdir"
|
||
|
|
envdir dir prog args
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Set various environment variables as specified by files
|
||
|
|
in the directory dir and run \s-1PROG\s0
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBenvuidgid\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "envuidgid"
|
||
|
|
envuidgid account prog args
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Set \f(CW$UID\fR to account's uid and \f(CW$GID\fR to account's gid and run \s-1PROG\s0
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBexpand\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "expand"
|
||
|
|
expand [\-i] [\-t \s-1NUM\s0] [FILE|\-]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Convert tabs to spaces, writing to standard output
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 2
|
||
|
|
\& \-i,\-\-initial Do not convert tabs after non blanks
|
||
|
|
\& \-t,\-\-tabs=N Tabstops every N chars
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBexpr\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "expr"
|
||
|
|
expr \s-1EXPRESSION\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Print the value of \s-1EXPRESSION\s0 to standard output
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
\&\s-1EXPRESSION\s0 may be:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 10
|
||
|
|
\& ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2
|
||
|
|
\& ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0
|
||
|
|
\& ARG1 < ARG2 1 if ARG1 is less than ARG2, else 0. Similarly:
|
||
|
|
\& ARG1 <= ARG2
|
||
|
|
\& ARG1 = ARG2
|
||
|
|
\& ARG1 != ARG2
|
||
|
|
\& ARG1 >= ARG2
|
||
|
|
\& ARG1 > ARG2
|
||
|
|
\& ARG1 + ARG2 Sum of ARG1 and ARG2. Similarly:
|
||
|
|
\& ARG1 \- ARG2
|
||
|
|
\& ARG1 * ARG2
|
||
|
|
\& ARG1 / ARG2
|
||
|
|
\& ARG1 % ARG2
|
||
|
|
\& STRING : REGEXP Anchored pattern match of REGEXP in STRING
|
||
|
|
\& match STRING REGEXP Same as STRING : REGEXP
|
||
|
|
\& substr STRING POS LENGTH Substring of STRING, POS counted from 1
|
||
|
|
\& index STRING CHARS Index in STRING where any CHARS is found, or 0
|
||
|
|
\& length STRING Length of STRING
|
||
|
|
\& quote TOKEN Interpret TOKEN as a string, even if
|
||
|
|
\& it is a keyword like \*(Aqmatch\*(Aq or an
|
||
|
|
\& operator like \*(Aq/\*(Aq
|
||
|
|
\& (EXPRESSION) Value of EXPRESSION
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells.
|
||
|
|
Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else
|
||
|
|
lexicographical. Pattern matches return the string matched between
|
||
|
|
\&\e( and \e) or null; if \e( and \e) are not used, they return the number
|
||
|
|
of characters matched or 0.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBfakeidentd\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "fakeidentd"
|
||
|
|
fakeidentd [\-fiw] [\-b \s-1ADDR\s0] [\s-1STRING\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Provide fake ident (auth) service
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 5
|
||
|
|
\& \-f Run in foreground
|
||
|
|
\& \-i Inetd mode
|
||
|
|
\& \-w Inetd \*(Aqwait\*(Aq mode
|
||
|
|
\& \-b ADDR Bind to specified address
|
||
|
|
\& STRING Ident answer string (default: nobody)
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBfalse\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "false"
|
||
|
|
false
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Return an exit code of \s-1FALSE\s0 (1)
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBfbset\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "fbset"
|
||
|
|
fbset [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1MODE\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Show and modify frame buffer settings
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBfbsplash\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "fbsplash"
|
||
|
|
fbsplash \-s \s-1IMGFILE\s0 [\-c] [\-d \s-1DEV\s0] [\-i \s-1INIFILE\s0] [\-f \s-1CMD\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 8
|
||
|
|
\& \-s Image
|
||
|
|
\& \-c Hide cursor
|
||
|
|
\& \-d Framebuffer device (default /dev/fb0)
|
||
|
|
\& \-i Config file (var=value):
|
||
|
|
\& BAR_LEFT,BAR_TOP,BAR_WIDTH,BAR_HEIGHT
|
||
|
|
\& BAR_R,BAR_G,BAR_B
|
||
|
|
\& \-f Control pipe (else exit after drawing image)
|
||
|
|
\& commands: \*(AqNN\*(Aq (% for progress bar) or \*(Aqexit\*(Aq
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBfdflush\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "fdflush"
|
||
|
|
fdflush \s-1DEVICE\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Force floppy disk drive to detect disk change
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBfdformat\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "fdformat"
|
||
|
|
fdformat [\-n] \s-1DEVICE\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Format floppy disk
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& \-n Don\*(Aqt verify after format
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBfdisk\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "fdisk"
|
||
|
|
fdisk [\-ul] [\-C \s-1CYLINDERS\s0] [\-H \s-1HEADS\s0] [\-S \s-1SECTORS\s0] [\-b \s-1SSZ\s0] \s-1DISK\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Change partition table
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 5
|
||
|
|
\& \-u Start and End are in sectors (instead of cylinders)
|
||
|
|
\& \-l Show partition table for each DISK, then exit
|
||
|
|
\& \-b 2048 (for certain MO disks) use 2048\-byte sectors
|
||
|
|
\& \-C CYLINDERS Set number of cylinders/heads/sectors
|
||
|
|
\& \-H HEADS
|
||
|
|
\&
|
||
|
|
\& \-S SECTORS
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBfind\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "find"
|
||
|
|
find [\s-1PATH\s0...] [\s-1EXPRESSION\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Search for files. The default \s-1PATH\s0 is the current directory,
|
||
|
|
default \s-1EXPRESSION\s0 is '\-print'
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
\&\s-1EXPRESSION\s0 may consist of:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 10
|
||
|
|
\& \-follow Dereference symlinks
|
||
|
|
\& \-xdev Don\*(Aqt descend directories on other filesystems
|
||
|
|
\& \-maxdepth N Descend at most N levels. \-maxdepth 0 applies
|
||
|
|
\& tests/actions to command line arguments only
|
||
|
|
\& \-mindepth N Do not act on first N levels
|
||
|
|
\& \-name PATTERN File name (w/o directory name) matches PATTERN
|
||
|
|
\& \-iname PATTERN Case insensitive \-name
|
||
|
|
\& \-path PATTERN Path matches PATTERN
|
||
|
|
\& \-regex PATTERN Path matches regex PATTERN
|
||
|
|
\& \-type X File type is X (X is one of: f,d,l,b,c,...)
|
||
|
|
\& \-perm NNN Permissions match any of (+NNN), all of (\-NNN),
|
||
|
|
\& or exactly (NNN)
|
||
|
|
\& \-mtime DAYS Modified time is greater than (+N), less than (\-N),
|
||
|
|
\& or exactly (N) days
|
||
|
|
\& \-mmin MINS Modified time is greater than (+N), less than (\-N),
|
||
|
|
\& or exactly (N) minutes
|
||
|
|
\& \-newer FILE Modified time is more recent than FILE\*(Aqs
|
||
|
|
\& \-inum N File has inode number N
|
||
|
|
\& \-user NAME File is owned by user NAME (numeric user ID allowed)
|
||
|
|
\& \-group NAME File belongs to group NAME (numeric group ID allowed)
|
||
|
|
\& \-depth Process directory name after traversing it
|
||
|
|
\& \-size N[bck] File size is N (c:bytes,k:kbytes,b:512 bytes(def.)).
|
||
|
|
\& +/\-N: file size is bigger/smaller than N
|
||
|
|
\& \-print Print (default and assumed)
|
||
|
|
\& \-print0 Delimit output with null characters rather than
|
||
|
|
\& newlines
|
||
|
|
\& \-exec CMD ARG ; Run CMD with all instances of {} replaced by the
|
||
|
|
\& matching files
|
||
|
|
\& \-prune Stop traversing current subtree
|
||
|
|
\& \-delete Delete files, turns on \-depth option
|
||
|
|
\& (EXPR) Group an expression
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBfindfs\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "findfs"
|
||
|
|
findfs LABEL=label or UUID=uuid
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Find a filesystem device based on a label or \s-1UUID\s0
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBflash_lock\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "flash_lock"
|
||
|
|
flash_lock \s-1MTD_DEVICE\s0 \s-1OFFSET\s0 \s-1SECTORS\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Lock part or all of an \s-1MTD\s0 device. If \s-1SECTORS\s0 is \-1, then all sectors
|
||
|
|
will be locked, regardless of the value of \s-1OFFSET\s0
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBflash_unlock\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "flash_unlock"
|
||
|
|
flash_unlock \s-1MTD_DEVICE\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Unlock an \s-1MTD\s0 device
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBfold\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "fold"
|
||
|
|
fold [\-bs] [\-w \s-1WIDTH\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Wrap input lines in each \s-1FILE\s0 (standard input by default), writing to
|
||
|
|
standard output
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 3
|
||
|
|
\& \-b Count bytes rather than columns
|
||
|
|
\& \-s Break at spaces
|
||
|
|
\& \-w Use WIDTH columns instead of 80
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBfree\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "free"
|
||
|
|
free
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Display the amount of free and used system memory
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBfreeramdisk\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "freeramdisk"
|
||
|
|
freeramdisk \s-1DEVICE\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Free all memory used by the specified ramdisk
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBfsck\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "fsck"
|
||
|
|
fsck [\-ANPRTV] [\-C fd] [\-t fstype] [fs\-options] [filesys...]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Check and repair filesystems
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 8
|
||
|
|
\& \-A Walk /etc/fstab and check all filesystems
|
||
|
|
\& \-N Don\*(Aqt execute, just show what would be done
|
||
|
|
\& \-P With \-A, check filesystems in parallel
|
||
|
|
\& \-R With \-A, skip the root filesystem
|
||
|
|
\& \-T Don\*(Aqt show title on startup
|
||
|
|
\& \-V Verbose
|
||
|
|
\& \-C n Write status information to specified filedescriptor
|
||
|
|
\& \-t type List of filesystem types to check
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBfsck.minix\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "fsck.minix"
|
||
|
|
fsck.minix [\-larvsmf] /dev/name
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Check \s-1MINIX\s0 filesystem
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 7
|
||
|
|
\& \-l List all filenames
|
||
|
|
\& \-r Perform interactive repairs
|
||
|
|
\& \-a Perform automatic repairs
|
||
|
|
\& \-v Verbose
|
||
|
|
\& \-s Output superblock information
|
||
|
|
\& \-m Show "mode not cleared" warnings
|
||
|
|
\& \-f Force file system check
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBfsync\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "fsync"
|
||
|
|
fsync [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1FILE\s0...Write files' buffered blocks to disk
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& \-d Avoid syncing metadata
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBftpd\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "ftpd"
|
||
|
|
ftpd [\-wvS] [\-t N] [\-T N] [\s-1DIR\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Anonymous \s-1FTP\s0 server
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
ftpd should be used as an inetd service.
|
||
|
|
ftpd's line for inetd.conf:
|
||
|
|
21 stream tcp nowait root ftpd ftpd /files/to/serve
|
||
|
|
It also can be ran from tcpsvd:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& tcpsvd \-vE 0.0.0.0 21 ftpd /files/to/serve
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 5
|
||
|
|
\& \-w Allow upload
|
||
|
|
\& \-v Log to stderr
|
||
|
|
\& \-S Log to syslog
|
||
|
|
\& \-t,\-T Idle and absolute timeouts
|
||
|
|
\& DIR Change root to this directory
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBftpget\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "ftpget"
|
||
|
|
ftpget [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1HOST\s0 \s-1LOCAL_FILE\s0 \s-1REMOTE_FILE\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Retrieve a remote file via \s-1FTP\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 5
|
||
|
|
\& \-c,\-\-continue Continue previous transfer
|
||
|
|
\& \-v,\-\-verbose Verbose
|
||
|
|
\& \-u,\-\-username Username
|
||
|
|
\& \-p,\-\-password Password
|
||
|
|
\& \-P,\-\-port Port number
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBftpput\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "ftpput"
|
||
|
|
ftpput [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1HOST\s0 \s-1REMOTE_FILE\s0 \s-1LOCAL_FILE\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Store a local file on a remote machine via \s-1FTP\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 4
|
||
|
|
\& \-v,\-\-verbose Verbose
|
||
|
|
\& \-u,\-\-username Username
|
||
|
|
\& \-p,\-\-password Password
|
||
|
|
\& \-P,\-\-port Port number
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBfuser\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "fuser"
|
||
|
|
fuser [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1FILE\s0 or \s-1PORT/PROTO\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Find processes which use FILEs or PORTs
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 6
|
||
|
|
\& \-m Find processes which use same fs as FILEs
|
||
|
|
\& \-4 Search only IPv4 space
|
||
|
|
\& \-6 Search only IPv6 space
|
||
|
|
\& \-s Silent: just exit with 0 if any processes are found
|
||
|
|
\& \-k Kill found processes (otherwise display PIDs)
|
||
|
|
\& \-SIGNAL Signal to send (default: TERM)
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBgetopt\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "getopt"
|
||
|
|
getopt [\s-1OPTIONS\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 9
|
||
|
|
\& \-a,\-\-alternative Allow long options starting with single \-
|
||
|
|
\& \-l,\-\-longoptions=longopts Long options to be recognized
|
||
|
|
\& \-n,\-\-name=progname The name under which errors are reported
|
||
|
|
\& \-o,\-\-options=optstring Short options to be recognized
|
||
|
|
\& \-q,\-\-quiet Disable error reporting by getopt(3)
|
||
|
|
\& \-Q,\-\-quiet\-output No normal output
|
||
|
|
\& \-s,\-\-shell=shell Set shell quoting conventions
|
||
|
|
\& \-T,\-\-test Test for getopt(1) version
|
||
|
|
\& \-u,\-\-unquoted Don\*(Aqt quote the output
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBgetty\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "getty"
|
||
|
|
getty [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1BAUD_RATE\s0 \s-1TTY\s0 [\s-1TERMTYPE\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Open a tty, prompt for a login name, then invoke /bin/login
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 11
|
||
|
|
\& \-h Enable hardware (RTS/CTS) flow control
|
||
|
|
\& \-i Do not display /etc/issue before running login
|
||
|
|
\& \-L Local line, do not do carrier detect
|
||
|
|
\& \-m Get baud rate from modem\*(Aqs CONNECT status message
|
||
|
|
\& \-w Wait for a CR or LF before sending /etc/issue
|
||
|
|
\& \-n Do not prompt the user for a login name
|
||
|
|
\& \-f ISSUE_FILE Display ISSUE_FILE instead of /etc/issue
|
||
|
|
\& \-l LOGIN Invoke LOGIN instead of /bin/login
|
||
|
|
\& \-t SEC Terminate after SEC if no username is read
|
||
|
|
\& \-I INITSTR Send INITSTR before anything else
|
||
|
|
\& \-H HOST Log HOST into the utmp file as the hostname
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBgrep\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "grep"
|
||
|
|
grep [\-HhrilLnqvsoweFEABCz] \s-1PATTERN\s0 [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Search for \s-1PATTERN\s0 in each \s-1FILE\s0 or standard input
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 10
|
||
|
|
\& \-H Prefix output lines with filename where match was found
|
||
|
|
\& \-h Suppress the prefixing filename on output
|
||
|
|
\& \-r Recurse
|
||
|
|
\& \-i Ignore case distinctions
|
||
|
|
\& \-l List names of files that match
|
||
|
|
\& \-L List names of files that do not match
|
||
|
|
\& \-n Print line number with output lines
|
||
|
|
\& \-q Quiet. Return 0 if PATTERN is found, 1 otherwise
|
||
|
|
\& \-v Select non\-matching lines
|
||
|
|
\& \-s Suppress file open/read error messages
|
||
|
|
\& \-c Only print count of matching lines
|
||
|
|
\& \-o Show only the part of a line that matches PATTERN
|
||
|
|
\& \-m MAX Match up to MAX times per file
|
||
|
|
\& \-w Match whole words only
|
||
|
|
\& \-F PATTERN is a set of newline\-separated strings
|
||
|
|
\& \-E PATTERN is an extended regular expression
|
||
|
|
\& \-e PTRN Pattern to match
|
||
|
|
\& \-f FILE Read pattern from file
|
||
|
|
\& \-A Print NUM lines of trailing context
|
||
|
|
\& \-B Print NUM lines of leading context
|
||
|
|
\& \-C Print NUM lines of output context
|
||
|
|
\& \-z Input is NUL terminated
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBgunzip\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "gunzip"
|
||
|
|
gunzip [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Uncompress FILEs (or standard input)
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 3
|
||
|
|
\& \-c Write to standard output
|
||
|
|
\& \-f Force
|
||
|
|
\& \-t Test file integrity
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBgzip\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "gzip"
|
||
|
|
gzip [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Compress FILEs (or standard input)
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 3
|
||
|
|
\& \-c Write to standard output
|
||
|
|
\& \-d Decompress
|
||
|
|
\& \-f Force
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBhd\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "hd"
|
||
|
|
hd \s-1FILE\s0...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
hd is an alias for hexdump \-C
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBhdparm\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "hdparm"
|
||
|
|
hdparm [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1DEVICE\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 10
|
||
|
|
\& \-a Get/set fs readahead
|
||
|
|
\& \-A Set drive read\-lookahead flag (0/1)
|
||
|
|
\& \-b Get/set bus state (0 == off, 1 == on, 2 == tristate)
|
||
|
|
\& \-B Set Advanced Power Management setting (1\-255)
|
||
|
|
\& \-c Get/set IDE 32\-bit IO setting
|
||
|
|
\& \-C Check IDE power mode status
|
||
|
|
\& \-d Get/set using_dma flag
|
||
|
|
\& \-D Enable/disable drive defect\-mgmt
|
||
|
|
\& \-f Flush buffer cache for device on exit
|
||
|
|
\& \-g Display drive geometry
|
||
|
|
\& \-h Display terse usage information
|
||
|
|
\& \-i Display drive identification
|
||
|
|
\& \-I Detailed/current information directly from drive
|
||
|
|
\& \-k Get/set keep_settings_over_reset flag (0/1)
|
||
|
|
\& \-K Set drive keep_features_over_reset flag (0/1)
|
||
|
|
\& \-L Set drive doorlock (0/1) (removable harddisks only)
|
||
|
|
\& \-m Get/set multiple sector count
|
||
|
|
\& \-n Get/set ignore\-write\-errors flag (0/1)
|
||
|
|
\& \-p Set PIO mode on IDE interface chipset (0,1,2,3,4,...)
|
||
|
|
\& \-P Set drive prefetch count
|
||
|
|
\& \-Q Get/set DMA tagged\-queuing depth (if supported)
|
||
|
|
\& \-r Get/set readonly flag (DANGEROUS to set)
|
||
|
|
\& \-R Register an IDE interface (DANGEROUS)
|
||
|
|
\& \-S Set standby (spindown) timeout
|
||
|
|
\& \-t Perform device read timings
|
||
|
|
\& \-T Perform cache read timings
|
||
|
|
\& \-u Get/set unmaskirq flag (0/1)
|
||
|
|
\& \-U Un\-register an IDE interface (DANGEROUS)
|
||
|
|
\& \-v Defaults; same as \-mcudkrag for IDE drives
|
||
|
|
\& \-V Display program version and exit immediately
|
||
|
|
\& \-w Perform device reset (DANGEROUS)
|
||
|
|
\& \-W Set drive write\-caching flag (0/1) (DANGEROUS)
|
||
|
|
\& \-x Tristate device for hotswap (0/1) (DANGEROUS)
|
||
|
|
\& \-X Set IDE xfer mode (DANGEROUS)
|
||
|
|
\& \-y Put IDE drive in standby mode
|
||
|
|
\& \-Y Put IDE drive to sleep
|
||
|
|
\& \-Z Disable Seagate auto\-powersaving mode
|
||
|
|
\& \-z Re\-read partition table
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBhead\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "head"
|
||
|
|
head [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Print first 10 lines of each \s-1FILE\s0 to standard output.
|
||
|
|
With more than one \s-1FILE\s0, precede each with a header giving the
|
||
|
|
file name. With no \s-1FILE\s0, or when \s-1FILE\s0 is \-, read standard input.
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 4
|
||
|
|
\& \-n NUM Print first NUM lines instead of first 10
|
||
|
|
\& \-c NUM Output the first NUM bytes
|
||
|
|
\& \-q Never output headers giving file names
|
||
|
|
\& \-v Always output headers giving file names
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBhexdump\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "hexdump"
|
||
|
|
hexdump [\-bcCdefnosvxR] \s-1FILE\s0...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Display file(s) or standard input in a user specified format
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 12
|
||
|
|
\& \-b One\-byte octal display
|
||
|
|
\& \-c One\-byte character display
|
||
|
|
\& \-C Canonical hex+ASCII, 16 bytes per line
|
||
|
|
\& \-d Two\-byte decimal display
|
||
|
|
\& \-e FORMAT STRING
|
||
|
|
\& \-f FORMAT FILE
|
||
|
|
\& \-n LENGTH Interpret only LENGTH bytes of input
|
||
|
|
\& \-o Two\-byte octal display
|
||
|
|
\& \-s OFFSET Skip OFFSET bytes
|
||
|
|
\& \-v Display all input data
|
||
|
|
\& \-x Two\-byte hexadecimal display
|
||
|
|
\& \-R Reverse of \*(Aqhexdump \-Cv\*(Aq
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBhostid\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "hostid"
|
||
|
|
hostid
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Print out a unique 32\-bit identifier for the machine
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBhostname\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "hostname"
|
||
|
|
hostname [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1HOSTNAME\s0 | \-F \s-1FILE\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Get or set hostname or \s-1DNS\s0 domain name
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 5
|
||
|
|
\& \-s Short
|
||
|
|
\& \-i Addresses for the hostname
|
||
|
|
\& \-d DNS domain name
|
||
|
|
\& \-f Fully qualified domain name
|
||
|
|
\& \-F FILE Use FILE\*(Aqs content as hostname
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBhttpd\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "httpd"
|
||
|
|
httpd [\-ifv[v]] [\-c \s-1CONFFILE\s0] [\-p [\s-1IP:\s0]PORT] [\-u USER[:GRP]] [\-r \s-1REALM\s0] [\-h \s-1HOME\s0]
|
||
|
|
or httpd \-d/\-e/\-m \s-1STRING\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Listen for incoming \s-1HTTP\s0 requests
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 11
|
||
|
|
\& \-i Inetd mode
|
||
|
|
\& \-f Do not daemonize
|
||
|
|
\& \-v[v] Verbose
|
||
|
|
\& \-c FILE Configuration file (default httpd.conf)
|
||
|
|
\& \-p [IP:]PORT Bind to ip:port (default *:80)
|
||
|
|
\& \-u USER[:GRP] Set uid/gid after binding to port
|
||
|
|
\& \-r REALM Authentication Realm for Basic Authentication
|
||
|
|
\& \-h HOME Home directory (default .)
|
||
|
|
\& \-m STRING MD5 crypt STRING
|
||
|
|
\& \-e STRING HTML encode STRING
|
||
|
|
\& \-d STRING URL decode STRING
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBhwclock\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "hwclock"
|
||
|
|
hwclock [\-r|\-\-show] [\-s|\-\-hctosys] [\-w|\-\-systohc] [\-l|\-\-localtime] [\-u|\-\-utc] [\-f \s-1FILE\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Query and set hardware clock (\s-1RTC\s0)
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 6
|
||
|
|
\& \-r Show hardware clock time
|
||
|
|
\& \-s Set system time from hardware clock
|
||
|
|
\& \-w Set hardware clock to system time
|
||
|
|
\& \-u Hardware clock is in UTC
|
||
|
|
\& \-l Hardware clock is in local time
|
||
|
|
\& \-f FILE Use specified device (e.g. /dev/rtc2)
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBid\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "id"
|
||
|
|
id [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1USER\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Print information about \s-1USER\s0 or the current user
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 5
|
||
|
|
\& \-u Print user ID
|
||
|
|
\& \-g Print group ID
|
||
|
|
\& \-G Print supplementary group IDs
|
||
|
|
\& \-n Print name instead of a number
|
||
|
|
\& \-r Print real user ID instead of effective ID
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBifconfig\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "ifconfig"
|
||
|
|
ifconfig [\-a] interface [address]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Configure a network interface
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 10
|
||
|
|
\& [add ADDRESS[/PREFIXLEN]]
|
||
|
|
\& [del ADDRESS[/PREFIXLEN]]
|
||
|
|
\& [[\-]broadcast [ADDRESS]] [[\-]pointopoint [ADDRESS]]
|
||
|
|
\& [netmask ADDRESS] [dstaddr ADDRESS]
|
||
|
|
\& [outfill NN] [keepalive NN]
|
||
|
|
\& [hw ether|infiniband ADDRESS] [metric NN] [mtu NN]
|
||
|
|
\& [[\-]trailers] [[\-]arp] [[\-]allmulti]
|
||
|
|
\& [multicast] [[\-]promisc] [txqueuelen NN] [[\-]dynamic]
|
||
|
|
\& [mem_start NN] [io_addr NN] [irq NN]
|
||
|
|
\& [up|down] ...
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBifdown\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "ifdown"
|
||
|
|
ifdown [\-ainmvf] ifaces...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 7
|
||
|
|
\& \-a De/configure all interfaces automatically
|
||
|
|
\& \-i FILE Use FILE for interface definitions
|
||
|
|
\& \-n Print out what would happen, but don\*(Aqt do it
|
||
|
|
\& (note: doesn\*(Aqt disable mappings)
|
||
|
|
\& \-m Don\*(Aqt run any mappings
|
||
|
|
\& \-v Print out what would happen before doing it
|
||
|
|
\& \-f Force de/configuration
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBifenslave\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "ifenslave"
|
||
|
|
ifenslave [\-cdf] master-iface <slave\-iface...>
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Configure network interfaces for parallel routing
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 3
|
||
|
|
\& \-c, \-\-change\-active Change active slave
|
||
|
|
\& \-d, \-\-detach Remove slave interface from bonding device
|
||
|
|
\& \-f, \-\-force Force, even if interface is not Ethernet
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBifplugd\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "ifplugd"
|
||
|
|
ifplugd [\s-1OPTIONS\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Network interface plug detection daemon
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 10
|
||
|
|
\& \-n Do not daemonize
|
||
|
|
\& \-s Do not log to syslog
|
||
|
|
\& \-i IFACE Interface
|
||
|
|
\& \-f/\-F Treat link detection error as link down/link up
|
||
|
|
\& (otherwise exit on error)
|
||
|
|
\& \-a Do not up interface automatically
|
||
|
|
\& \-M Monitor creation/destruction of interface
|
||
|
|
\& (otherwise it must exist)
|
||
|
|
\& \-r PROG Script to run
|
||
|
|
\& \-x ARG Extra argument for script
|
||
|
|
\& \-I Don\*(Aqt exit on nonzero exit code from script
|
||
|
|
\& \-p Don\*(Aqt run script on daemon startup
|
||
|
|
\& \-q Don\*(Aqt run script on daemon quit
|
||
|
|
\& \-l Run script on startup even if no cable is detected
|
||
|
|
\& \-t SECS Poll time in seconds
|
||
|
|
\& \-u SECS Delay before running script after link up
|
||
|
|
\& \-d SECS Delay after link down
|
||
|
|
\& \-m MODE API mode (mii, priv, ethtool, wlan, auto)
|
||
|
|
\& \-k Kill running daemon
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBifup\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "ifup"
|
||
|
|
ifup [\-ainmvf] ifaces...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 7
|
||
|
|
\& \-a De/configure all interfaces automatically
|
||
|
|
\& \-i FILE Use FILE for interface definitions
|
||
|
|
\& \-n Print out what would happen, but don\*(Aqt do it
|
||
|
|
\& (note: doesn\*(Aqt disable mappings)
|
||
|
|
\& \-m Don\*(Aqt run any mappings
|
||
|
|
\& \-v Print out what would happen before doing it
|
||
|
|
\& \-f Force de/configuration
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBinetd\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "inetd"
|
||
|
|
inetd [\-fe] [\-q N] [\-R N] [\s-1CONFFILE\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Listen for network connections and launch programs
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 5
|
||
|
|
\& \-f Run in foreground
|
||
|
|
\& \-e Log to stderr
|
||
|
|
\& \-q N Socket listen queue (default: 128)
|
||
|
|
\& \-R N Pause services after N connects/min
|
||
|
|
\& (default: 0 \- disabled)
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBinit\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "init"
|
||
|
|
init
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Init is the parent of all processes
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBinotifyd\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "inotifyd"
|
||
|
|
inotifyd \s-1PROG\s0 FILE1[:MASK] ...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Run \s-1PROG\s0 on filesystem changes.
|
||
|
|
When a filesystem event matching \s-1MASK\s0 occurs on FILEn,
|
||
|
|
\&\s-1PROG\s0 <actual_event(s)> <FILEn> [<subfile_name>] is run.
|
||
|
|
Events:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 12
|
||
|
|
\& a File is accessed
|
||
|
|
\& c File is modified
|
||
|
|
\& e Metadata changed
|
||
|
|
\& w Writable file is closed
|
||
|
|
\& 0 Unwritable file is closed
|
||
|
|
\& r File is opened
|
||
|
|
\& D File is deleted
|
||
|
|
\& M File is moved
|
||
|
|
\& u Backing fs is unmounted
|
||
|
|
\& o Event queue overflowed
|
||
|
|
\& x File can\*(Aqt be watched anymore
|
||
|
|
\&If watching a directory:
|
||
|
|
\&
|
||
|
|
\& m Subfile is moved into dir
|
||
|
|
\& y Subfile is moved out of dir
|
||
|
|
\& n Subfile is created
|
||
|
|
\& d Subfile is deleted
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
inotifyd waits for \s-1PROG\s0 to exit.
|
||
|
|
When x event happens for all FILEs, inotifyd exits
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBinsmod\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "insmod"
|
||
|
|
insmod [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1MODULE\s0 [symbol=value]...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Load the specified kernel modules into the kernel
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 8
|
||
|
|
\& \-f Force module to load into the wrong kernel version
|
||
|
|
\& \-k Make module autoclean\-able
|
||
|
|
\& \-v Verbose
|
||
|
|
\& \-q Quiet
|
||
|
|
\& \-L Lock to prevent simultaneous loads of a module
|
||
|
|
\& \-m Output load map to stdout
|
||
|
|
\& \-o NAME Set internal module name to NAME
|
||
|
|
\& \-x Do not export externs
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBinstall\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "install"
|
||
|
|
install [\-cdDsp] [\-o \s-1USER\s0] [\-g \s-1GRP\s0] [\-m \s-1MODE\s0] [source] dest|directory
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Copy files and set attributes
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 8
|
||
|
|
\& \-c Just copy (default)
|
||
|
|
\& \-d Create directories
|
||
|
|
\& \-D Create leading target directories
|
||
|
|
\& \-s Strip symbol table
|
||
|
|
\& \-p Preserve date
|
||
|
|
\& \-o USER Set ownership
|
||
|
|
\& \-g GRP Set group ownership
|
||
|
|
\& \-m MODE Set permissions
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBionice\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "ionice"
|
||
|
|
ionice [\-c 1\-3] [\-n 0\-7] [\-p \s-1PID\s0] [\s-1PROG\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Change I/O scheduling class and priority
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 2
|
||
|
|
\& \-c Class. 1:realtime 2:best\-effort 3:idle
|
||
|
|
\& \-n Priority
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBip\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "ip"
|
||
|
|
ip [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] {address | route | link | tunnel | rule} {\s-1COMMAND\s0}
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
ip [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1OBJECT\s0 {\s-1COMMAND\s0}
|
||
|
|
where \s-1OBJECT\s0 := {address | route | link | tunnel | rule}
|
||
|
|
\&\s-1OPTIONS\s0 := { \-f[amily] { inet | inet6 | link } | \-o[neline] }
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBipaddr\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "ipaddr"
|
||
|
|
ipaddr { {add|del} \s-1IFADDR\s0 dev \s-1STRING\s0 | {show|flush}
|
||
|
|
[dev \s-1STRING\s0] [to \s-1PREFIX\s0] }
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
ipaddr {add|delete} \s-1IFADDR\s0 dev \s-1STRING\s0
|
||
|
|
ipaddr {show|flush} [dev \s-1STRING\s0] [scope \s-1SCOPE\-ID\s0]
|
||
|
|
[to \s-1PREFIX\s0] [label \s-1PATTERN\s0]
|
||
|
|
\s-1IFADDR\s0 := \s-1PREFIX\s0 | \s-1ADDR\s0 peer \s-1PREFIX\s0
|
||
|
|
[broadcast \s-1ADDR\s0] [anycast \s-1ADDR\s0]
|
||
|
|
[label \s-1STRING\s0] [scope \s-1SCOPE\-ID\s0]
|
||
|
|
SCOPE-ID := [host | link | global | \s-1NUMBER\s0]
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBipcalc\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "ipcalc"
|
||
|
|
ipcalc [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] ADDRESS[[/]NETMASK] [\s-1NETMASK\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Calculate \s-1IP\s0 network settings from a \s-1IP\s0 address
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 6
|
||
|
|
\& \-b,\-\-broadcast Display calculated broadcast address
|
||
|
|
\& \-n,\-\-network Display calculated network address
|
||
|
|
\& \-m,\-\-netmask Display default netmask for IP
|
||
|
|
\& \-p,\-\-prefix Display the prefix for IP/NETMASK
|
||
|
|
\& \-h,\-\-hostname Display first resolved host name
|
||
|
|
\& \-s,\-\-silent Don\*(Aqt ever display error messages
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBipcrm\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "ipcrm"
|
||
|
|
ipcrm [\-MQS key] [\-mqs id]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Upper-case options \s-1MQS\s0 remove an object by shmkey value.
|
||
|
|
Lower-case options remove an object by shmid value.
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 3
|
||
|
|
\& \-mM Remove memory segment after last detach
|
||
|
|
\& \-qQ Remove message queue
|
||
|
|
\& \-sS Remove semaphore
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBipcs\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "ipcs"
|
||
|
|
ipcs [[\-smq] \-i shmid] | [[\-asmq] [\-tcplu]]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 2
|
||
|
|
\& \-i Show specific resource
|
||
|
|
\&Resource specification:
|
||
|
|
\&
|
||
|
|
\& \-m Shared memory segments
|
||
|
|
\& \-q Message queues
|
||
|
|
\& \-s Semaphore arrays
|
||
|
|
\& \-a All (default)
|
||
|
|
\&Output format:
|
||
|
|
\&
|
||
|
|
\& \-t Time
|
||
|
|
\& \-c Creator
|
||
|
|
\& \-p Pid
|
||
|
|
\& \-l Limits
|
||
|
|
\& \-u Summary
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBiplink\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "iplink"
|
||
|
|
iplink { set \s-1DEVICE\s0 { up | down | arp { on | off } | show [\s-1DEVICE\s0] }
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
iplink set \s-1DEVICE\s0 { up | down | arp | multicast { on | off } |
|
||
|
|
dynamic { on | off } |
|
||
|
|
mtu \s-1MTU\s0 }
|
||
|
|
iplink show [\s-1DEVICE\s0]
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBiproute\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "iproute"
|
||
|
|
iproute { list | flush | { add | del | change | append |
|
||
|
|
replace | monitor } \s-1ROUTE\s0 }
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
iproute { list | flush } \s-1SELECTOR\s0
|
||
|
|
iproute get \s-1ADDRESS\s0 [from \s-1ADDRESS\s0 iif \s-1STRING\s0]
|
||
|
|
[oif \s-1STRING\s0] [tos \s-1TOS\s0]
|
||
|
|
iproute { add | del | change | append | replace | monitor } \s-1ROUTE\s0
|
||
|
|
\s-1SELECTOR\s0 := [root \s-1PREFIX\s0] [match \s-1PREFIX\s0] [proto \s-1RTPROTO\s0]
|
||
|
|
\s-1ROUTE\s0 := [\s-1TYPE\s0] \s-1PREFIX\s0 [tos \s-1TOS\s0] [proto \s-1RTPROTO\s0]
|
||
|
|
[metric \s-1METRIC\s0]
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBiprule\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "iprule"
|
||
|
|
iprule {[list | add | del] \s-1RULE\s0}
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
iprule [list | add | del] \s-1SELECTOR\s0 \s-1ACTION\s0
|
||
|
|
\s-1SELECTOR\s0 := [from \s-1PREFIX\s0] [to \s-1PREFIX\s0] [tos \s-1TOS\s0] [fwmark \s-1FWMARK\s0]
|
||
|
|
[dev \s-1STRING\s0] [pref \s-1NUMBER\s0]
|
||
|
|
\s-1ACTION\s0 := [table \s-1TABLE_ID\s0] [nat \s-1ADDRESS\s0]
|
||
|
|
[prohibit | reject | unreachable]
|
||
|
|
[realms [\s-1SRCREALM/\s0]DSTREALM]
|
||
|
|
\s-1TABLE_ID\s0 := [local | main | default | \s-1NUMBER\s0]
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBiptunnel\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "iptunnel"
|
||
|
|
iptunnel { add | change | del | show } [\s-1NAME\s0]
|
||
|
|
[mode { ipip | gre | sit }]
|
||
|
|
[remote \s-1ADDR\s0] [local \s-1ADDR\s0] [ttl \s-1TTL\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
iptunnel { add | change | del | show } [\s-1NAME\s0]
|
||
|
|
[mode { ipip | gre | sit }] [remote \s-1ADDR\s0] [local \s-1ADDR\s0]
|
||
|
|
[[i|o]seq] [[i|o]key \s-1KEY\s0] [[i|o]csum]
|
||
|
|
[ttl \s-1TTL\s0] [tos \s-1TOS\s0] [[no]pmtudisc] [dev \s-1PHYS_DEV\s0]
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBkbd_mode\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "kbd_mode"
|
||
|
|
kbd_mode [\-a|k|s|u] [\-C \s-1TTY\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Report or set the keyboard mode
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 5
|
||
|
|
\& \-a Default (ASCII)
|
||
|
|
\& \-k Medium\-raw (keyboard)
|
||
|
|
\& \-s Raw (scancode)
|
||
|
|
\& \-u Unicode (utf\-8)
|
||
|
|
\& \-C TTY Affect TTY instead of /dev/tty
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBkill\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "kill"
|
||
|
|
kill [\-l] [\-SIG] \s-1PID\s0...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Send a signal (default: \s-1TERM\s0) to given PIDs
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& \-l List all signal names and numbers
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBkillall\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "killall"
|
||
|
|
killall [\-l] [\-q] [\-SIG] process-name...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Send a signal (default: \s-1TERM\s0) to given processes
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 2
|
||
|
|
\& \-l List all signal names and numbers
|
||
|
|
\& \-q Do not complain if no processes were killed
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBkillall5\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "killall5"
|
||
|
|
killall5 [\-l] [\-SIG] [\-o \s-1PID\s0]...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Send a signal (default: \s-1TERM\s0) to all processes outside current session
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 2
|
||
|
|
\& \-l List all signal names and numbers
|
||
|
|
\& \-o PID Do not signal this PID
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBklogd\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "klogd"
|
||
|
|
klogd [\-c N] [\-n]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Kernel logger
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 2
|
||
|
|
\& \-c N Only messages with level < N are printed to console
|
||
|
|
\& \-n Run in foreground
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBlast\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "last"
|
||
|
|
last [\-HW] [\-f file]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Show listing of the last users that logged into the system
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 2
|
||
|
|
\& \-W Display with no host column truncation
|
||
|
|
\& \-f file Read from file instead of /var/log/wtmp
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBlength\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "length"
|
||
|
|
length \s-1STRING\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Print \s-1STRING\s0's length
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBless\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "less"
|
||
|
|
less [\-EMNmh~I?] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
View a file or list of files. The position within files can be
|
||
|
|
changed, and files can be manipulated in various ways.
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 6
|
||
|
|
\& \-E Quit once the end of a file is reached
|
||
|
|
\& \-M,\-m Display status line with line numbers
|
||
|
|
\& and percentage through the file
|
||
|
|
\& \-N Prefix line number to each line
|
||
|
|
\& \-I Ignore case in all searches
|
||
|
|
\& \-~ Suppress ~s displayed past the end of the file
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBln\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "ln"
|
||
|
|
ln [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1TARGET\s0... LINK|DIRECTORY
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Create a link \s-1LINK\s0 or \s-1DIRECTORY/TARGET\s0 to the specified \s-1TARGET\s0(s)
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 5
|
||
|
|
\& \-s Make symlinks instead of hardlinks
|
||
|
|
\& \-f Remove existing destination files
|
||
|
|
\& \-n Don\*(Aqt dereference symlinks \- treat like normal file
|
||
|
|
\& \-b Make a backup of the target (if exists) before link operation
|
||
|
|
\& \-S suf Use suffix instead of ~ when making backup files
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBloadfont\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "loadfont"
|
||
|
|
loadfont < font
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Load a console font from standard input
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBloadkmap\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "loadkmap"
|
||
|
|
loadkmap < keymap
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Load a binary keyboard translation table from standard input
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBlogger\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "logger"
|
||
|
|
logger [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1MESSAGE\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Write \s-1MESSAGE\s0 to the system log. If \s-1MESSAGE\s0 is omitted, log stdin.
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 3
|
||
|
|
\& \-s Log to stderr as well as the system log
|
||
|
|
\& \-t TAG Log using the specified tag (defaults to user name)
|
||
|
|
\& \-p PRIO Priority (numeric or facility.level pair)
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBlogin\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "login"
|
||
|
|
login [\-p] [\-h \s-1HOST\s0] [[\-f] \s-1USER\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Begin a new session on the system
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 3
|
||
|
|
\& \-f Do not authenticate (user already authenticated)
|
||
|
|
\& \-h Name of the remote host
|
||
|
|
\& \-p Preserve environment
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBlogname\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "logname"
|
||
|
|
logname
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Print the name of the current user
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBlogread\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "logread"
|
||
|
|
logread [\s-1OPTIONS\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Show messages in syslogd's circular buffer
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& \-f Output data as log grows
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBlosetup\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "losetup"
|
||
|
|
losetup [\-o \s-1OFS\s0] \s-1LOOPDEV\s0 \s-1FILE\s0 \- associate loop devices
|
||
|
|
losetup \-d \s-1LOOPDEV\s0 \- disassociate
|
||
|
|
losetup [\-f] \- show
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 2
|
||
|
|
\& \-o OFS Start OFS bytes into FILE
|
||
|
|
\& \-f Show first free loop device
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBlpd\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "lpd"
|
||
|
|
lpd \s-1SPOOLDIR\s0 [\s-1HELPER\s0 [\s-1ARGS\s0]]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
\&\s-1SPOOLDIR\s0 must contain (symlinks to) device nodes or directories
|
||
|
|
with names matching print queue names. In the first case, jobs are
|
||
|
|
sent directly to the device. Otherwise each job is stored in queue
|
||
|
|
directory and \s-1HELPER\s0 program is called. Name of file to print
|
||
|
|
is passed in \f(CW$DATAFILE\fR variable.
|
||
|
|
Example:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& tcpsvd \-E 0 515 softlimit \-m 999999 lpd /var/spool ./print
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBlpq\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "lpq"
|
||
|
|
lpq [\-P queue[@host[:port]]] [\-U \s-1USERNAME\s0] [\-d \s-1JOBID\s0...] [\-fs]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 4
|
||
|
|
\& \-P lp service to connect to (else uses $PRINTER)
|
||
|
|
\& \-d Delete jobs
|
||
|
|
\& \-f Force any waiting job to be printed
|
||
|
|
\& \-s Short display
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBlpr\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "lpr"
|
||
|
|
lpr \-P queue[@host[:port]] \-U \s-1USERNAME\s0 \-J \s-1TITLE\s0 \-Vmh [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 4
|
||
|
|
\& \-P lp service to connect to (else uses $PRINTER)
|
||
|
|
\& \-m Send mail on completion
|
||
|
|
\& \-h Print banner page too
|
||
|
|
\& \-V Verbose
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBls\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "ls"
|
||
|
|
ls [\-1AacCdeFilnpLRrSsTtuvwxXhk] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
List directory contents
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 10
|
||
|
|
\& \-1 List in a single column
|
||
|
|
\& \-A Don\*(Aqt list . and ..
|
||
|
|
\& \-a Don\*(Aqt hide entries starting with .
|
||
|
|
\& \-C List by columns
|
||
|
|
\& \-c With \-l: sort by ctime
|
||
|
|
\& \-\-color[={always,never,auto}] Control coloring
|
||
|
|
\& \-d List directory entries instead of contents
|
||
|
|
\& \-e List full date and time
|
||
|
|
\& \-F Append indicator (one of */=@|) to entries
|
||
|
|
\& \-i List inode numbers
|
||
|
|
\& \-l Long listing format
|
||
|
|
\& \-n List numeric UIDs and GIDs instead of names
|
||
|
|
\& \-p Append indicator (one of /=@|) to entries
|
||
|
|
\& \-L List entries pointed to by symlinks
|
||
|
|
\& \-R List subdirectories recursively
|
||
|
|
\& \-r Sort in reverse order
|
||
|
|
\& \-S Sort by file size
|
||
|
|
\& \-s List the size of each file, in blocks
|
||
|
|
\& \-T NUM Assume tabstop every NUM columns
|
||
|
|
\& \-t With \-l: sort by modification time
|
||
|
|
\& \-u With \-l: sort by access time
|
||
|
|
\& \-v Sort by version
|
||
|
|
\& \-w NUM Assume the terminal is NUM columns wide
|
||
|
|
\& \-x List by lines
|
||
|
|
\& \-X Sort by extension
|
||
|
|
\& \-h List sizes in human readable format (1K 243M 2G)
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBlsattr\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "lsattr"
|
||
|
|
lsattr [\-Radlv] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
List file attributes on an ext2 fs
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 5
|
||
|
|
\& \-R Recursively list subdirectories
|
||
|
|
\& \-a Do not hide entries starting with .
|
||
|
|
\& \-d List directory entries instead of contents
|
||
|
|
\& \-l List long flag names
|
||
|
|
\& \-v List the file\*(Aqs version/generation number
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBlsmod\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "lsmod"
|
||
|
|
lsmod
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
List the currently loaded kernel modules
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBlzmacat\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "lzmacat"
|
||
|
|
lzmacat \s-1FILE\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Uncompress to stdout
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBlzop\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "lzop"
|
||
|
|
lzop [\-cfvd123456789CF] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 7
|
||
|
|
\& \-c Write to standard output
|
||
|
|
\& \-f Force
|
||
|
|
\& \-v Verbose
|
||
|
|
\& \-d Decompress
|
||
|
|
\& \-F Don\*(Aqt store or verify checksum
|
||
|
|
\& \-C Also write checksum of compressed block
|
||
|
|
\& \-1..9 Compression level
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBlzopcat\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "lzopcat"
|
||
|
|
lzopcat [\-vCF] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 2
|
||
|
|
\& \-v Verbose
|
||
|
|
\& \-F Don\*(Aqt store or verify checksum
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBmakemime\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "makemime"
|
||
|
|
makemime [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Create multipart MIME-encoded message from FILEs
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 5
|
||
|
|
\& \-o FILE Output. Default: stdout
|
||
|
|
\& \-a HDR Add header. Examples:
|
||
|
|
\& "From: user@host.org", "Date: \`date \-R\`"
|
||
|
|
\& \-c CT Content type. Default: text/plain
|
||
|
|
\& \-C CS Charset. Default: us\-ascii
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Other options are silently ignored
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBman\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "man"
|
||
|
|
man [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1MANPAGE\s0]...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Format and display manual page
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 2
|
||
|
|
\& \-a Display all pages
|
||
|
|
\& \-w Show page locations
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBmd5sum\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "md5sum"
|
||
|
|
md5sum [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
||
|
|
or: md5sum [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \-c [\s-1FILE\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Print or check \s-1MD5\s0 checksums
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 3
|
||
|
|
\& \-c Check sums against given list
|
||
|
|
\& \-s Don\*(Aqt output anything, status code shows success
|
||
|
|
\& \-w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBmdev\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "mdev"
|
||
|
|
mdev [\-s]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& \-s Scan /sys and populate /dev during system boot
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
It can be run by kernel as a hotplug helper. To activate it:
|
||
|
|
echo /bin/mdev >/proc/sys/kernel/hotplug
|
||
|
|
It uses /etc/mdev.conf with lines
|
||
|
|
[\-]DEVNAME \s-1UID:GID\s0 \s-1PERM\s0 [>|=PATH] [@|$|*PROG]
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBmesg\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "mesg"
|
||
|
|
mesg [y|n]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Control write access to your terminal
|
||
|
|
y Allow write access to your terminal
|
||
|
|
n Disallow write access to your terminal
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBmicrocom\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "microcom"
|
||
|
|
microcom [\-d \s-1DELAY\s0] [\-t \s-1TIMEOUT\s0] [\-s \s-1SPEED\s0] [\-X] \s-1TTY\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Copy bytes for stdin to \s-1TTY\s0 and from \s-1TTY\s0 to stdout
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 5
|
||
|
|
\& \-d Wait up to DELAY ms for TTY output before sending every
|
||
|
|
\& next byte to it
|
||
|
|
\& \-t Exit if both stdin and TTY are silent for TIMEOUT ms
|
||
|
|
\& \-s Set serial line to SPEED
|
||
|
|
\& \-X Disable special meaning of NUL and Ctrl\-X from stdin
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBmkdir\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "mkdir"
|
||
|
|
mkdir [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1DIRECTORY\s0...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Create \s-1DIRECTORY\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 2
|
||
|
|
\& \-m Mode
|
||
|
|
\& \-p No error if exists; make parent directories as needed
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBmkdosfs\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "mkdosfs"
|
||
|
|
mkdosfs [\-v] [\-n \s-1LABEL\s0] \s-1FILE_OR_DEVICE\s0 [\s-1SIZE_IN_KB\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Make a \s-1FAT32\s0 filesystem
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 2
|
||
|
|
\& \-v Verbose
|
||
|
|
\& \-n LBL Volume label
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBmkfifo\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "mkfifo"
|
||
|
|
mkfifo [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] name
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Create named pipe (identical to 'mknod name p')
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& \-m MODE Mode (default a=rw)
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBmkfs.minix\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "mkfs.minix"
|
||
|
|
mkfs.minix [\-c | \-l filename] [\-nXX] [\-iXX] /dev/name [blocks]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Make a \s-1MINIX\s0 filesystem
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 5
|
||
|
|
\& \-c Check device for bad blocks
|
||
|
|
\& \-n [14|30] Maximum length of filenames
|
||
|
|
\& \-i INODES Number of inodes for the filesystem
|
||
|
|
\& \-l FILENAME Read bad blocks list from FILENAME
|
||
|
|
\& \-v Make version 2 filesystem
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBmkfs.vfat\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "mkfs.vfat"
|
||
|
|
mkfs.vfat [\-v] [\-n \s-1LABEL\s0] \s-1FILE_OR_DEVICE\s0 [\s-1SIZE_IN_KB\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Make a \s-1FAT32\s0 filesystem
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 2
|
||
|
|
\& \-v Verbose
|
||
|
|
\& \-n LBL Volume label
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBmknod\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "mknod"
|
||
|
|
mknod [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1NAME\s0 \s-1TYPE\s0 \s-1MAJOR\s0 \s-1MINOR\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Create a special file (block, character, or pipe)
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 2
|
||
|
|
\& \-m Create the special file using the specified mode (default a=rw)
|
||
|
|
\&TYPEs include:
|
||
|
|
\&
|
||
|
|
\& b: Make a block device
|
||
|
|
\& c or u: Make a character device
|
||
|
|
\& p: Make a named pipe (MAJOR and MINOR are ignored)
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBmkpasswd\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "mkpasswd"
|
||
|
|
mkpasswd [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1PASSWORD\s0] [\s-1SALT\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Crypt the \s-1PASSWORD\s0 using \fIcrypt\fR\|(3)
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 3
|
||
|
|
\& \-P,\-\-password\-fd=NUM Read password from fd NUM
|
||
|
|
\& \-m,\-\-method=TYPE Encryption method TYPE
|
||
|
|
\& \-S,\-\-salt=SALT
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBmkswap\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "mkswap"
|
||
|
|
mkswap \s-1DEVICE\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Prepare block device to be used as swap partition
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBmktemp\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "mktemp"
|
||
|
|
mktemp [\-dt] [\-p \s-1DIR\s0] [\s-1TEMPLATE\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Create a temporary file with name based on \s-1TEMPLATE\s0 and print its name.
|
||
|
|
\&\s-1TEMPLATE\s0 must end with \s-1XXXXXX\s0 (e.g. [/dir/]nameXXXXXX).
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 3
|
||
|
|
\& \-d Make a directory instead of a file
|
||
|
|
\& \-t Generate a path rooted in temporary directory
|
||
|
|
\& \-p DIR Use DIR as a temporary directory (implies \-t)
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
For \-t or \-p, directory is chosen as follows:
|
||
|
|
\&\f(CW$TMPDIR\fR if set, else \-p \s-1DIR\s0, else /tmp
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBmodprobe\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "modprobe"
|
||
|
|
modprobe [\-knqrsvb] \s-1MODULE\s0 [symbol=value...]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 7
|
||
|
|
\& \-k Make module autoclean\-able
|
||
|
|
\& \-n Dry run
|
||
|
|
\& \-q Quiet
|
||
|
|
\& \-r Remove module (stacks) or do autoclean
|
||
|
|
\& \-s Report via syslog instead of stderr
|
||
|
|
\& \-v Verbose
|
||
|
|
\& \-b Apply blacklist to module names too
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBmore\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "more"
|
||
|
|
more [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
View \s-1FILE\s0 or standard input one screenful at a time
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBmount\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "mount"
|
||
|
|
mount [flags] \s-1DEVICE\s0 \s-1NODE\s0 [\-o \s-1OPT\s0,OPT]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Mount a filesystem. Filesystem autodetection requires /proc.
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 10
|
||
|
|
\& \-a Mount all filesystems in fstab
|
||
|
|
\& \-f Dry run
|
||
|
|
\& \-i Don\*(Aqt run mount helper
|
||
|
|
\& \-r Read\-only mount
|
||
|
|
\& \-w Read\-write mount (default)
|
||
|
|
\& \-t FSTYPE Filesystem type
|
||
|
|
\& \-O OPT Mount only filesystems with option OPT (\-a only)
|
||
|
|
\&\-o OPT:
|
||
|
|
\& loop Ignored (loop devices are autodetected)
|
||
|
|
\& [a]sync Writes are [a]synchronous
|
||
|
|
\& [no]atime Disable/enable updates to inode access times
|
||
|
|
\& [no]diratime Disable/enable atime updates to directories
|
||
|
|
\& [no]relatime Disable/enable atime updates relative to modification time
|
||
|
|
\& [no]dev (Dis)allow use of special device files
|
||
|
|
\& [no]exec (Dis)allow use of executable files
|
||
|
|
\& [no]suid (Dis)allow set\-user\-id\-root programs
|
||
|
|
\& [r]shared Convert [recursively] to a shared subtree
|
||
|
|
\& [r]slave Convert [recursively] to a slave subtree
|
||
|
|
\& [r]private Convert [recursively] to a private subtree
|
||
|
|
\& [un]bindable Make mount point [un]able to be bind mounted
|
||
|
|
\& bind Bind a directory to an additional location
|
||
|
|
\& move Relocate an existing mount point
|
||
|
|
\& remount Remount a mounted filesystem, changing its flags
|
||
|
|
\& ro/rw Read\-only/read\-write mount
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
There are \s-1EVEN\s0 \s-1MORE\s0 flags that are specific to each filesystem
|
||
|
|
You'll have to see the written documentation for those filesystems
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBmountpoint\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "mountpoint"
|
||
|
|
mountpoint [\-q] <[\-dn] \s-1DIR\s0 | \-x \s-1DEVICE\s0>
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Check if the directory is a mountpoint
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 4
|
||
|
|
\& \-q Quiet
|
||
|
|
\& \-d Print major/minor device number of the filesystem
|
||
|
|
\& \-n Print device name of the filesystem
|
||
|
|
\& \-x Print major/minor device number of the blockdevice
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBmt\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "mt"
|
||
|
|
mt [\-f device] opcode value
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Control magnetic tape drive operation
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Available Opcodes:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
bsf bsfm bsr bss datacompression drvbuffer eof eom erase
|
||
|
|
fsf fsfm fsr fss load lock mkpart nop offline ras1 ras2
|
||
|
|
ras3 reset retension rewind rewoffline seek setblk setdensity
|
||
|
|
setpart tell unload unlock weof wset
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBmv\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "mv"
|
||
|
|
mv [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1SOURCE\s0 \s-1DEST\s0
|
||
|
|
or: mv [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1SOURCE\s0... \s-1DIRECTORY\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Rename \s-1SOURCE\s0 to \s-1DEST\s0, or move \s-1SOURCE\s0(s) to \s-1DIRECTORY\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 2
|
||
|
|
\& \-f Don\*(Aqt prompt before overwriting
|
||
|
|
\& \-i Interactive, prompt before overwrite
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBnameif\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "nameif"
|
||
|
|
nameif [\-s] [\-c \s-1FILE\s0] [{\s-1IFNAME\s0 \s-1MACADDR\s0}]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Rename network interface while it in the down state
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 3
|
||
|
|
\& \-c FILE Use configuration file (default: /etc/mactab)
|
||
|
|
\& \-s Use syslog (LOCAL0 facility)
|
||
|
|
\& IFNAME MACADDR new_interface_name interface_mac_address
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBnc\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "nc"
|
||
|
|
nc [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1HOST\s0 \s-1PORT\s0 \- connect
|
||
|
|
nc [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \-l \-p \s-1PORT\s0 [\s-1HOST\s0] [\s-1PORT\s0] \- listen
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 11
|
||
|
|
\& \-e PROG Run PROG after connect (must be last)
|
||
|
|
\& \-l Listen mode, for inbound connects
|
||
|
|
\& \-n Don\*(Aqt do DNS resolution
|
||
|
|
\& \-s ADDR Local address
|
||
|
|
\& \-p PORT Local port
|
||
|
|
\& \-u UDP mode
|
||
|
|
\& \-v Verbose
|
||
|
|
\& \-w SEC Timeout for connects and final net reads
|
||
|
|
\& \-i SEC Delay interval for lines sent
|
||
|
|
\& \-o FILE Hex dump traffic
|
||
|
|
\& \-z Zero\-I/O mode (scanning)
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBnetstat\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "netstat"
|
||
|
|
netstat [\-laentuwxrWp]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Display networking information
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 11
|
||
|
|
\& \-l Display listening server sockets
|
||
|
|
\& \-a Display all sockets (default: connected)
|
||
|
|
\& \-e Display other/more information
|
||
|
|
\& \-n Don\*(Aqt resolve names
|
||
|
|
\& \-t Tcp sockets
|
||
|
|
\& \-u Udp sockets
|
||
|
|
\& \-w Raw sockets
|
||
|
|
\& \-x Unix sockets
|
||
|
|
\& \-r Display routing table
|
||
|
|
\& \-W Display with no column truncation
|
||
|
|
\& \-p Display PID/Program name for sockets
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBnice\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "nice"
|
||
|
|
nice [\-n \s-1ADJUST\s0] [\s-1PROG\s0 [\s-1ARGS\s0]]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Run \s-1PROG\s0 with modified scheduling priority
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& \-n ADJUST Adjust priority by ADJUST
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBnmeter\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "nmeter"
|
||
|
|
nmeter format_string
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Monitor system in real time
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Format specifiers:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 10
|
||
|
|
\& %Nc or %[cN] Monitor CPU. N \- bar size, default 10
|
||
|
|
\& (displays: S:system U:user N:niced D:iowait I:irq i:softirq)
|
||
|
|
\& %[niface] Monitor network interface \*(Aqiface\*(Aq
|
||
|
|
\& %m Monitor allocated memory
|
||
|
|
\& %[mf] Monitor free memory
|
||
|
|
\& %[mt] Monitor total memory
|
||
|
|
\& %s Monitor allocated swap
|
||
|
|
\& %f Monitor number of used file descriptors
|
||
|
|
\& %Ni Monitor total/specific IRQ rate
|
||
|
|
\& %x Monitor context switch rate
|
||
|
|
\& %p Monitor forks
|
||
|
|
\& %[pn] Monitor # of processes
|
||
|
|
\& %b Monitor block io
|
||
|
|
\& %Nt Show time (with N decimal points)
|
||
|
|
\& %Nd Milliseconds between updates (default:1000)
|
||
|
|
\& %r Print <cr> instead of <lf> at EOL
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBnohup\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "nohup"
|
||
|
|
nohup \s-1PROG\s0 [\s-1ARGS\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Run \s-1PROG\s0 immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBnslookup\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "nslookup"
|
||
|
|
nslookup [\s-1HOST\s0] [\s-1SERVER\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Query the nameserver for the \s-1IP\s0 address of the given \s-1HOST\s0
|
||
|
|
optionally using a specified \s-1DNS\s0 server
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBod\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "od"
|
||
|
|
od [\-aBbcDdeFfHhIiLlOovXx] [\-t \s-1TYPE\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Write an unambiguous representation, octal bytes by default, of \s-1FILE\s0
|
||
|
|
to standard output. With no \s-1FILE\s0 or when \s-1FILE\s0 is \-, read standard input.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBopenvt\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "openvt"
|
||
|
|
openvt [\-c N] [\-sw] [\s-1PROG\s0 [\s-1ARGS\s0]]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Start \s-1PROG\s0 on a new virtual terminal
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 3
|
||
|
|
\& \-c N Use specified VT
|
||
|
|
\& \-s Switch to the VT
|
||
|
|
\& \-w Wait for PROG to exit
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBpasswd\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "passwd"
|
||
|
|
passwd [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1USER\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Change \s-1USER\s0's password. If no \s-1USER\s0 is specified,
|
||
|
|
changes the password for the current user.
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 4
|
||
|
|
\& \-a Algorithm to use for password (choices: des, md5)
|
||
|
|
\& \-d Delete password for the account
|
||
|
|
\& \-l Lock (disable) account
|
||
|
|
\& \-u Unlock (re\-enable) account
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBpatch\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "patch"
|
||
|
|
patch [\-p \s-1NUM\s0] [\-i \s-1DIFF\s0] [\-R] [\-N]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 4
|
||
|
|
\& \-p NUM Strip NUM leading components from file names
|
||
|
|
\& \-i DIFF Read DIFF instead of stdin
|
||
|
|
\& \-R Reverse patch
|
||
|
|
\& \-N Ignore already applied patches
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBpgrep\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "pgrep"
|
||
|
|
pgrep [\-flnovx] [\-s SID|\-P PPID|PATTERN]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Display process(es) selected by regex \s-1PATTERN\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 8
|
||
|
|
\& \-l Show command name too
|
||
|
|
\& \-f Match against entire command line
|
||
|
|
\& \-n Show the newest process only
|
||
|
|
\& \-o Show the oldest process only
|
||
|
|
\& \-v Negate the match
|
||
|
|
\& \-x Match whole name (not substring)
|
||
|
|
\& \-s Match session ID (0 for current)
|
||
|
|
\& \-P Match parent process ID
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBpidof\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "pidof"
|
||
|
|
pidof [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1NAME\s0...]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
List PIDs of all processes with names that match NAMEs
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 3
|
||
|
|
\& \-s Show only one PID
|
||
|
|
\& \-o PID Omit given pid
|
||
|
|
\& Use %PPID to omit pid of pidof\*(Aqs parent
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBping\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "ping"
|
||
|
|
ping [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1HOST\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Send \s-1ICMP\s0 \s-1ECHO_REQUEST\s0 packets to network hosts
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 10
|
||
|
|
\& \-4, \-6 Force IPv4 or IPv6 hostname resolution
|
||
|
|
\& \-c CNT Send only CNT pings
|
||
|
|
\& \-s SIZE Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default:56)
|
||
|
|
\& \-I IFACE/IP Use interface or IP address as source
|
||
|
|
\& \-W SEC Seconds to wait for the first response (default:10)
|
||
|
|
\& (after all \-c CNT packets are sent)
|
||
|
|
\& \-w SEC Seconds until ping exits (default:infinite)
|
||
|
|
\& (can exit earlier with \-c CNT)
|
||
|
|
\& \-q Quiet, only displays output at start
|
||
|
|
\& and when finished
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBping6\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "ping6"
|
||
|
|
ping6 [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1HOST\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Send \s-1ICMP\s0 \s-1ECHO_REQUEST\s0 packets to network hosts
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 5
|
||
|
|
\& \-c CNT Send only CNT pings
|
||
|
|
\& \-s SIZE Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default:56)
|
||
|
|
\& \-I IFACE/IP Use interface or IP address as source
|
||
|
|
\& \-q Quiet, only displays output at start
|
||
|
|
\& and when finished
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBpivot_root\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "pivot_root"
|
||
|
|
pivot_root \s-1NEW_ROOT\s0 \s-1PUT_OLD\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Move the current root file system to \s-1PUT_OLD\s0 and make \s-1NEW_ROOT\s0
|
||
|
|
the new root file system
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBpkill\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "pkill"
|
||
|
|
pkill [\-l|\-SIGNAL] [\-fnovx] [\-s SID|\-P PPID|PATTERN]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Send a signal to process(es) selected by regex \s-1PATTERN\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 8
|
||
|
|
\& \-l List all signals
|
||
|
|
\& \-f Match against entire command line
|
||
|
|
\& \-n Signal the newest process only
|
||
|
|
\& \-o Signal the oldest process only
|
||
|
|
\& \-v Negate the match
|
||
|
|
\& \-x Match whole name (not substring)
|
||
|
|
\& \-s Match session ID (0 for current)
|
||
|
|
\& \-P Match parent process ID
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBpopmaildir\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "popmaildir"
|
||
|
|
popmaildir [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] Maildir [connection\-helper ...]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Fetch content of remote mailbox to local maildir
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 10
|
||
|
|
\& \-b Binary mode. Ignored
|
||
|
|
\& \-d Debug. Ignored
|
||
|
|
\& \-m Show used memory. Ignored
|
||
|
|
\& \-V Show version. Ignored
|
||
|
|
\& \-c Use tcpclient. Ignored
|
||
|
|
\& \-a Use APOP protocol. Implied. If server supports APOP \-> use it
|
||
|
|
\& \-s Skip authorization
|
||
|
|
\& \-T Get messages with TOP instead with RETR
|
||
|
|
\& \-k Keep retrieved messages on the server
|
||
|
|
\& \-t timeout Network timeout
|
||
|
|
\& \-F "program arg1 arg2 ..." Filter by program. May be multiple
|
||
|
|
\& \-M "program arg1 arg2 ..." Deliver by program
|
||
|
|
\& \-R size Remove old messages on the server >= size (in bytes). Ignored
|
||
|
|
\& \-Z N1\-N2 Remove messages from N1 to N2 (dangerous). Ignored
|
||
|
|
\& \-L size Do not retrieve new messages >= size (in bytes). Ignored
|
||
|
|
\& \-H lines Type specified number of lines of a message. Ignored
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBprintenv\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "printenv"
|
||
|
|
printenv [\s-1VARIABLE\s0...]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Print all or part of environment.
|
||
|
|
If no environment \s-1VARIABLE\s0 specified, print them all.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBprintf\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "printf"
|
||
|
|
printf \s-1FORMAT\s0 [\s-1ARGUMENT\s0...]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Format and print \s-1ARGUMENT\s0(s) according to \s-1FORMAT\s0,
|
||
|
|
where \s-1FORMAT\s0 controls the output exactly as in C printf
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBps\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "ps"
|
||
|
|
ps
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Report process status
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 2
|
||
|
|
\& \-o col1,col2=header Select columns for display
|
||
|
|
\& \-T Show threads
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBpscan\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "pscan"
|
||
|
|
pscan [\-cb] [\-p \s-1MIN_PORT\s0] [\-P \s-1MAX_PORT\s0] [\-t \s-1TIMEOUT\s0] [\-T \s-1MIN_RTT\s0] \s-1HOST\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Scan a host, print all open ports
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 6
|
||
|
|
\& \-c Show closed ports too
|
||
|
|
\& \-b Show blocked ports too
|
||
|
|
\& \-p Scan from this port (default 1)
|
||
|
|
\& \-P Scan up to this port (default 1024)
|
||
|
|
\& \-t Timeout (default 5000 ms)
|
||
|
|
\& \-T Minimum rtt (default 5 ms, increase for congested hosts)
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBpwd\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "pwd"
|
||
|
|
pwd
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Print the full filename of the current working directory
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBraidautorun\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "raidautorun"
|
||
|
|
raidautorun \s-1DEVICE\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Tell the kernel to automatically search and start \s-1RAID\s0 arrays
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBrdate\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "rdate"
|
||
|
|
rdate [\-sp] \s-1HOST\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Get and possibly set the system date and time from a remote \s-1HOST\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 2
|
||
|
|
\& \-s Set the system date and time (default)
|
||
|
|
\& \-p Print the date and time
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBrdev\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "rdev"
|
||
|
|
rdev
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Print the device node associated with the filesystem mounted at '/'
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBreadlink\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "readlink"
|
||
|
|
readlink [\-fnv] \s-1FILE\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Display the value of a symlink
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 3
|
||
|
|
\& \-f Canonicalize by following all symlinks
|
||
|
|
\& \-n Don\*(Aqt add newline
|
||
|
|
\& \-v Verbose
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBreadprofile\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "readprofile"
|
||
|
|
readprofile [\s-1OPTIONS\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 10
|
||
|
|
\& \-m mapfile (Default: /boot/System.map)
|
||
|
|
\& \-p profile (Default: /proc/profile)
|
||
|
|
\& \-M mult Set the profiling multiplier to mult
|
||
|
|
\& \-i Print only info about the sampling step
|
||
|
|
\& \-v Verbose
|
||
|
|
\& \-a Print all symbols, even if count is 0
|
||
|
|
\& \-b Print individual histogram\-bin counts
|
||
|
|
\& \-s Print individual counters within functions
|
||
|
|
\& \-r Reset all the counters (root only)
|
||
|
|
\& \-n Disable byte order auto\-detection
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBrealpath\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "realpath"
|
||
|
|
realpath pathname...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Return the absolute pathnames of given argument
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBreformime\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "reformime"
|
||
|
|
reformime [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Parse MIME-encoded message
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 3
|
||
|
|
\& \-x prefix Extract content of MIME sections to files
|
||
|
|
\& \-X prog [args] Filter content of MIME sections through prog.
|
||
|
|
\& Must be the last option
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Other options are silently ignored.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBrenice\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "renice"
|
||
|
|
renice {{\-n \s-1INCREMENT\s0} | \s-1PRIORITY\s0} [[\-p | \-g | \-u] \s-1ID\s0...]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Change priority of running processes
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 4
|
||
|
|
\& \-n Adjust current nice value (smaller is faster)
|
||
|
|
\& \-p Process id(s) (default)
|
||
|
|
\& \-g Process group id(s)
|
||
|
|
\& \-u Process user name(s) and/or id(s)
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBreset\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "reset"
|
||
|
|
reset
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Reset the screen
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBresize\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "resize"
|
||
|
|
resize
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Resize the screen
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBrm\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "rm"
|
||
|
|
rm [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1FILE\s0...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Remove (unlink) the \s-1FILE\s0(s). Use '\-\-' to
|
||
|
|
indicate that all following arguments are non-options.
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 3
|
||
|
|
\& \-i Always prompt before removing
|
||
|
|
\& \-f Never prompt
|
||
|
|
\& \-r,\-R Remove directories recursively
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBrmdir\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "rmdir"
|
||
|
|
rmdir [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1DIRECTORY\s0...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Remove the \s-1DIRECTORY\s0, if it is empty
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 2
|
||
|
|
\& \-p|\-\-parents Include parents
|
||
|
|
\& \-\-ignore\-fail\-on\-non\-empty
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBrmmod\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "rmmod"
|
||
|
|
rmmod [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1MODULE\s0]...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Unload the specified kernel modules from the kernel
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 3
|
||
|
|
\& \-w Wait until the module is no longer used
|
||
|
|
\& \-f Force unloading
|
||
|
|
\& \-a Remove all unused modules (recursively)
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBroute\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "route"
|
||
|
|
route [{add|del|delete}]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Edit kernel routing tables
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 3
|
||
|
|
\& \-n Don\*(Aqt resolve names
|
||
|
|
\& \-e Display other/more information
|
||
|
|
\& \-A inet{6} Select address family
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBrpm\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "rpm"
|
||
|
|
rpm \-i \-q[ildc]p package.rpm
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Manipulate \s-1RPM\s0 packages
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 7
|
||
|
|
\& \-i Install package
|
||
|
|
\& \-q Query package
|
||
|
|
\& \-p Query uninstalled package
|
||
|
|
\& \-i Show information
|
||
|
|
\& \-l List contents
|
||
|
|
\& \-d List documents
|
||
|
|
\& \-c List config files
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBrpm2cpio\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "rpm2cpio"
|
||
|
|
rpm2cpio package.rpm
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Output a cpio archive of the rpm file
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBrtcwake\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "rtcwake"
|
||
|
|
rtcwake [\-a | \-l | \-u] [\-d \s-1DEV\s0] [\-m \s-1MODE\s0] [\-s \s-1SEC\s0 | \-t \s-1TIME\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Enter a system sleep state until specified wakeup time
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 7
|
||
|
|
\& \-a,\-\-auto Read clock mode from adjtime
|
||
|
|
\& \-l,\-\-local Clock is set to local time
|
||
|
|
\& \-u,\-\-utc Clock is set to UTC time
|
||
|
|
\& \-d,\-\-device=DEV Specify the RTC device
|
||
|
|
\& \-m,\-\-mode=MODE Set the sleep state (default: standby)
|
||
|
|
\& \-s,\-\-seconds=SEC Set the timeout in SEC seconds from now
|
||
|
|
\& \-t,\-\-time=TIME Set the timeout to TIME seconds from epoch
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBrun-parts\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "run-parts"
|
||
|
|
run-parts [\-t] [\-l] [\-a \s-1ARG\s0] [\-u \s-1MASK\s0] \s-1DIRECTORY\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Run a bunch of scripts in a directory
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 4
|
||
|
|
\& \-t Print what would be run, but don\*(Aqt actually run anything
|
||
|
|
\& \-a ARG Pass ARG as argument for every program
|
||
|
|
\& \-u MASK Set the umask to MASK before running every program
|
||
|
|
\& \-l Print names of all matching files even if they are not executable
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBrunlevel\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "runlevel"
|
||
|
|
runlevel [utmp]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Find the current and previous system runlevel
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
If no utmp file exists or if no runlevel record can be found,
|
||
|
|
print \*(L"unknown\*(R"
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBrunsv\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "runsv"
|
||
|
|
runsv dir
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Start and monitor a service and optionally an appendant log service
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBrunsvdir\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "runsvdir"
|
||
|
|
runsvdir [\-P] [\-s \s-1SCRIPT\s0] dir
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Start a runsv process for each subdirectory. If it exits, restart it.
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 2
|
||
|
|
\& \-P Put each runsv in a new session
|
||
|
|
\& \-s SCRIPT Run SCRIPT <signo> after signal is processed
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBrx\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "rx"
|
||
|
|
rx \s-1FILE\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Receive a file using the xmodem protocol
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBscript\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "script"
|
||
|
|
script [\-afqt] [\-c \s-1PROG\s0] [\s-1OUTFILE\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 5
|
||
|
|
\& \-a Append output
|
||
|
|
\& \-c Run PROG, not shell
|
||
|
|
\& \-f Flush output after each write
|
||
|
|
\& \-q Quiet
|
||
|
|
\& \-t Send timing to stderr
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBscriptreplay\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "scriptreplay"
|
||
|
|
scriptreplay timingfile [typescript [divisor]]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Play back typescripts, using timing information
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBsed\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "sed"
|
||
|
|
sed [\-efinr] \s-1SED_CMD\s0 [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 5
|
||
|
|
\& \-e CMD Add CMD to sed commands to be executed
|
||
|
|
\& \-f FILE Add FILE contents to sed commands to be executed
|
||
|
|
\& \-i Edit files in\-place
|
||
|
|
\& \-n Suppress automatic printing of pattern space
|
||
|
|
\& \-r Use extended regex syntax
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
If no \-e or \-f is given, the first non-option argument is taken as the sed
|
||
|
|
command to interpret. All remaining arguments are names of input files; if no
|
||
|
|
input files are specified, then the standard input is read. Source files
|
||
|
|
will not be modified unless \-i option is given.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBsendmail\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "sendmail"
|
||
|
|
sendmail [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1RECIPIENT_EMAIL\s0]...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Read email from stdin and send it
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Standard options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 3
|
||
|
|
\& \-t Read additional recipients from message body
|
||
|
|
\& \-f sender Sender (required)
|
||
|
|
\& \-o options Various options. \-oi implied, others are ignored
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Busybox specific options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 10
|
||
|
|
\& \-w seconds Network timeout
|
||
|
|
\& \-H \*(AqPROG ARGS\*(Aq Run connection helper
|
||
|
|
\& Examples:
|
||
|
|
\& \-H \*(Aqexec openssl s_client \-quiet \-tls1 \-starttls smtp
|
||
|
|
\& \-connect smtp.gmail.com:25\*(Aq <email.txt
|
||
|
|
\& [4<username_and_passwd.txt | \-au<username> \-ap<password>]
|
||
|
|
\& \-H \*(Aqexec openssl s_client \-quiet \-tls1
|
||
|
|
\& \-connect smtp.gmail.com:465\*(Aq <email.txt
|
||
|
|
\& [4<username_and_passwd.txt | \-au<username> \-ap<password>]
|
||
|
|
\& \-S server[:port] Server
|
||
|
|
\& \-au<username> Username for AUTH LOGIN
|
||
|
|
\& \-ap<password> Password for AUTH LOGIN
|
||
|
|
\& \-am<method> Authentication method. Ignored. LOGIN is implied
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Other options are silently ignored; \-oi \-t is implied
|
||
|
|
Use makemime applet to create message with attachments
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBseq\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "seq"
|
||
|
|
seq [\-w] [\-s \s-1SEP\s0] [\s-1FIRST\s0 [\s-1INC\s0]] \s-1LAST\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Print numbers from \s-1FIRST\s0 to \s-1LAST\s0, in steps of \s-1INC\s0.
|
||
|
|
\&\s-1FIRST\s0, \s-1INC\s0 default to 1
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 2
|
||
|
|
\& \-w Pad to last with leading zeros
|
||
|
|
\& \-s SEP String separator
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBsetarch\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "setarch"
|
||
|
|
setarch personality program [args...]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Personality may be:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 2
|
||
|
|
\& linux32 Set 32bit uname emulation
|
||
|
|
\& linux64 Set 64bit uname emulation
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBsetconsole\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "setconsole"
|
||
|
|
setconsole [\-r|\-\-reset] [\s-1DEVICE\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Redirect system console output to \s-1DEVICE\s0 (default: /dev/tty)
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& \-r Reset output to /dev/console
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBsetfont\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "setfont"
|
||
|
|
setfont \s-1FONT\s0 [\-m \s-1MAPFILE\s0] [\-C \s-1TTY\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Load a console font
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 2
|
||
|
|
\& \-m MAPFILE Load console screen map
|
||
|
|
\& \-C TTY Affect TTY instead of /dev/tty
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBsetkeycodes\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "setkeycodes"
|
||
|
|
setkeycodes \s-1SCANCODE\s0 \s-1KEYCODE\s0...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Set entries into the kernel's scancode-to-keycode map,
|
||
|
|
allowing unusual keyboards to generate usable keycodes.
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
\&\s-1SCANCODE\s0 may be either xx or e0xx (hexadecimal),
|
||
|
|
and \s-1KEYCODE\s0 is given in decimal
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBsetlogcons\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "setlogcons"
|
||
|
|
setlogcons N
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Redirect the kernel output to console N (0 for current)
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBsetsid\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "setsid"
|
||
|
|
setsid \s-1PROG\s0 [\s-1ARG\s0...]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Run \s-1PROG\s0 in a new session. \s-1PROG\s0 will have no controlling terminal
|
||
|
|
and will not be affected by keyboard signals (Ctrl-C etc).
|
||
|
|
See \fIsetsid\fR\|(2) for details.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBsetuidgid\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "setuidgid"
|
||
|
|
setuidgid account prog args
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Set uid and gid to account's uid and gid, removing all supplementary
|
||
|
|
groups and run \s-1PROG\s0
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBsha1sum\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "sha1sum"
|
||
|
|
sha1sum [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
||
|
|
or: sha1sum [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \-c [\s-1FILE\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Print or check \s-1SHA1\s0 checksums
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 3
|
||
|
|
\& \-c Check sums against given list
|
||
|
|
\& \-s Don\*(Aqt output anything, status code shows success
|
||
|
|
\& \-w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBsha256sum\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "sha256sum"
|
||
|
|
sha256sum [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
||
|
|
or: sha256sum [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \-c [\s-1FILE\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Print or check \s-1SHA256\s0 checksums
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 3
|
||
|
|
\& \-c Check sums against given list
|
||
|
|
\& \-s Don\*(Aqt output anything, status code shows success
|
||
|
|
\& \-w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBsha512sum\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "sha512sum"
|
||
|
|
sha512sum [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
||
|
|
or: sha512sum [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \-c [\s-1FILE\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Print or check \s-1SHA512\s0 checksums
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 3
|
||
|
|
\& \-c Check sums against given list
|
||
|
|
\& \-s Don\*(Aqt output anything, status code shows success
|
||
|
|
\& \-w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBshowkey\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "showkey"
|
||
|
|
showkey [\-a | \-k | \-s]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Show keys pressed
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 3
|
||
|
|
\& \-a Display decimal/octal/hex values of the keys
|
||
|
|
\& \-k Display interpreted keycodes (default)
|
||
|
|
\& \-s Display raw scan\-codes
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBslattach\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "slattach"
|
||
|
|
slattach [\-cehmLF] [\-s \s-1SPEED\s0] [\-p \s-1PROTOCOL\s0] \s-1DEVICE\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Attach network interface(s) to serial line(s)
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 8
|
||
|
|
\& \-p PROT Set protocol (slip, cslip, slip6, clisp6 or adaptive)
|
||
|
|
\& \-s SPD Set line speed
|
||
|
|
\& \-e Exit after initializing device
|
||
|
|
\& \-h Exit when the carrier is lost
|
||
|
|
\& \-c PROG Run PROG when the line is hung up
|
||
|
|
\& \-m Do NOT initialize the line in raw 8 bits mode
|
||
|
|
\& \-L Enable 3\-wire operation
|
||
|
|
\& \-F Disable RTS/CTS flow control
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBsleep\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "sleep"
|
||
|
|
sleep [N]...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Pause for a time equal to the total of the args given, where each arg can
|
||
|
|
have an optional suffix of (s)econds, (m)inutes, (h)ours, or (d)ays
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBsoftlimit\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "softlimit"
|
||
|
|
softlimit [\-a \s-1BYTES\s0] [\-m \s-1BYTES\s0] [\-d \s-1BYTES\s0] [\-s \s-1BYTES\s0] [\-l \s-1BYTES\s0]
|
||
|
|
[\-f \s-1BYTES\s0] [\-c \s-1BYTES\s0] [\-r \s-1BYTES\s0] [\-o N] [\-p N] [\-t N]
|
||
|
|
\s-1PROG\s0 \s-1ARGS\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Set soft resource limits, then run \s-1PROG\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 8
|
||
|
|
\& \-a BYTES Limit total size of all segments
|
||
|
|
\& \-m BYTES Same as \-d BYTES \-s BYTES \-l BYTES \-a BYTES
|
||
|
|
\& \-d BYTES Limit data segment
|
||
|
|
\& \-s BYTES Limit stack segment
|
||
|
|
\& \-l BYTES Limit locked memory size
|
||
|
|
\& \-o N Limit number of open files per process
|
||
|
|
\& \-p N Limit number of processes per uid
|
||
|
|
\&Options controlling file sizes:
|
||
|
|
\&
|
||
|
|
\& \-f BYTES Limit output file sizes
|
||
|
|
\& \-c BYTES Limit core file size
|
||
|
|
\&Efficiency opts:
|
||
|
|
\&
|
||
|
|
\& \-r BYTES Limit resident set size
|
||
|
|
\& \-t N Limit CPU time, process receives
|
||
|
|
\& a SIGXCPU after N seconds
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBsort\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "sort"
|
||
|
|
sort [\-nrugMcszbdfimSTokt] [\-o \s-1FILE\s0] [\-k start[.offset][opts][,end[.offset][opts]] [\-t \s-1CHAR\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Sort lines of text
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 10
|
||
|
|
\& \-b Ignore leading blanks
|
||
|
|
\& \-c Check whether input is sorted
|
||
|
|
\& \-d Dictionary order (blank or alphanumeric only)
|
||
|
|
\& \-f Ignore case
|
||
|
|
\& \-g General numerical sort
|
||
|
|
\& \-i Ignore unprintable characters
|
||
|
|
\& \-k Sort key
|
||
|
|
\& \-M Sort month
|
||
|
|
\& \-n Sort numbers
|
||
|
|
\& \-o Output to file
|
||
|
|
\& \-k Sort by key
|
||
|
|
\& \-t CHAR Key separator
|
||
|
|
\& \-r Reverse sort order
|
||
|
|
\& \-s Stable (don\*(Aqt sort ties alphabetically)
|
||
|
|
\& \-u Suppress duplicate lines
|
||
|
|
\& \-z Lines are terminated by NUL, not newline
|
||
|
|
\& \-mST Ignored for GNU compatibility
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBsplit\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "split"
|
||
|
|
split [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1INPUT\s0 [\s-1PREFIX\s0]]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 3
|
||
|
|
\& \-b n[k|m] Split by bytes
|
||
|
|
\& \-l n Split by lines
|
||
|
|
\& \-a n Use n letters as suffix
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBstart-stop-daemon\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "start-stop-daemon"
|
||
|
|
start-stop-daemon [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\-S|\-K] ... [\-\- arguments...]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Search for matching processes, and then
|
||
|
|
\&\-K: stop all matching processes.
|
||
|
|
\&\-S: start a process unless a matching process is found.
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Process matching:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 10
|
||
|
|
\& \-u,\-\-user USERNAME|UID Match only this user\*(Aqs processes
|
||
|
|
\& \-n,\-\-name NAME Match processes with NAME
|
||
|
|
\& in comm field in /proc/PID/stat
|
||
|
|
\& \-x,\-\-exec EXECUTABLE Match processes with this command
|
||
|
|
\& in /proc/PID/cmdline
|
||
|
|
\& \-p,\-\-pidfile FILE Match a process with PID from the file
|
||
|
|
\& All specified conditions must match
|
||
|
|
\&\-S only:
|
||
|
|
\& \-x,\-\-exec EXECUTABLE Program to run
|
||
|
|
\& \-a,\-\-startas NAME Zeroth argument
|
||
|
|
\& \-b,\-\-background Background
|
||
|
|
\& \-N,\-\-nicelevel N Change nice level
|
||
|
|
\& \-c,\-\-chuid USER[:[GRP]] Change to user/group
|
||
|
|
\& \-m,\-\-make\-pidfile Write PID to the pidfile specified by \-p
|
||
|
|
\&\-K only:
|
||
|
|
\& \-s,\-\-signal SIG Signal to send
|
||
|
|
\& \-t,\-\-test Match only, exit with 0 if a process is found
|
||
|
|
\&Other:
|
||
|
|
\&
|
||
|
|
\& \-o,\-\-oknodo Exit with status 0 if nothing is done
|
||
|
|
\& \-v,\-\-verbose Verbose
|
||
|
|
\& \-q,\-\-quiet Quiet
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBstat\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "stat"
|
||
|
|
stat [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1FILE\s0...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Display file (default) or filesystem status
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 4
|
||
|
|
\& \-c fmt Use the specified format
|
||
|
|
\& \-f Display filesystem status
|
||
|
|
\& \-L Dereference links
|
||
|
|
\& \-t Display info in terse form
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Valid format sequences for files:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 10
|
||
|
|
\& %a Access rights in octal
|
||
|
|
\& %A Access rights in human readable form
|
||
|
|
\& %b Number of blocks allocated (see %B)
|
||
|
|
\& %B The size in bytes of each block reported by %b
|
||
|
|
\& %d Device number in decimal
|
||
|
|
\& %D Device number in hex
|
||
|
|
\& %f Raw mode in hex
|
||
|
|
\& %F File type
|
||
|
|
\& %g Group ID of owner
|
||
|
|
\& %G Group name of owner
|
||
|
|
\& %h Number of hard links
|
||
|
|
\& %i Inode number
|
||
|
|
\& %n File name
|
||
|
|
\& %N Quoted file name with dereference if symlink
|
||
|
|
\& %o I/O block size
|
||
|
|
\& %s Total size, in bytes
|
||
|
|
\& %t Major device type in hex
|
||
|
|
\& %T Minor device type in hex
|
||
|
|
\& %u User ID of owner
|
||
|
|
\& %U User name of owner
|
||
|
|
\& %x Time of last access
|
||
|
|
\& %X Time of last access as seconds since Epoch
|
||
|
|
\& %y Time of last modification
|
||
|
|
\& %Y Time of last modification as seconds since Epoch
|
||
|
|
\& %z Time of last change
|
||
|
|
\& %Z Time of last change as seconds since Epoch
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Valid format sequences for file systems:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 12
|
||
|
|
\& %a Free blocks available to non\-superuser
|
||
|
|
\& %b Total data blocks in file system
|
||
|
|
\& %c Total file nodes in file system
|
||
|
|
\& %d Free file nodes in file system
|
||
|
|
\& %f Free blocks in file system
|
||
|
|
\& %i File System ID in hex
|
||
|
|
\& %l Maximum length of filenames
|
||
|
|
\& %n File name
|
||
|
|
\& %s Block size (for faster transfer)
|
||
|
|
\& %S Fundamental block size (for block counts)
|
||
|
|
\& %t Type in hex
|
||
|
|
\& %T Type in human readable form
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBstrings\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "strings"
|
||
|
|
strings [\-afo] [\-n \s-1LEN\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Display printable strings in a binary file
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 4
|
||
|
|
\& \-a Scan whole file (default)
|
||
|
|
\& \-f Precede strings with filenames
|
||
|
|
\& \-n LEN At least LEN characters form a string (default 4)
|
||
|
|
\& \-o Precede strings with decimal offsets
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBstty\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "stty"
|
||
|
|
stty [\-a|g] [\-F \s-1DEVICE\s0] [\s-1SETTING\s0]...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Without arguments, prints baud rate, line discipline,
|
||
|
|
and deviations from stty sane
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 4
|
||
|
|
\& \-F DEVICE Open device instead of stdin
|
||
|
|
\& \-a Print all current settings in human\-readable form
|
||
|
|
\& \-g Print in stty\-readable form
|
||
|
|
\& [SETTING] See manpage
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBsu\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "su"
|
||
|
|
su [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\-] [username]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Change user id or become root
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 3
|
||
|
|
\& \-p, \-m Preserve environment
|
||
|
|
\& \-c CMD Command to pass to \*(Aqsh \-c\*(Aq
|
||
|
|
\& \-s SH Shell to use instead of default shell
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBsulogin\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "sulogin"
|
||
|
|
sulogin [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1TTY\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Single user login
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& \-t N Timeout
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBsum\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "sum"
|
||
|
|
sum [\-rs] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Checksum and count the blocks in a file
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 2
|
||
|
|
\& \-r Use BSD sum algorithm (1K blocks)
|
||
|
|
\& \-s Use System V sum algorithm (512byte blocks)
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBsv\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "sv"
|
||
|
|
sv [\-v] [\-w sec] command service...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Control services monitored by runsv supervisor.
|
||
|
|
Commands (only first character is enough):
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
status: query service status
|
||
|
|
up: if service isn't running, start it. If service stops, restart it
|
||
|
|
once: like 'up', but if service stops, don't restart it
|
||
|
|
down: send \s-1TERM\s0 and \s-1CONT\s0 signals. If ./run exits, start ./finish
|
||
|
|
if it exists. After it stops, do not restart service
|
||
|
|
exit: send \s-1TERM\s0 and \s-1CONT\s0 signals to service and log service. If they exit,
|
||
|
|
runsv exits too
|
||
|
|
pause, cont, hup, alarm, interrupt, quit, 1, 2, term, kill: send
|
||
|
|
\&\s-1STOP\s0, \s-1CONT\s0, \s-1HUP\s0, \s-1ALRM\s0, \s-1INT\s0, \s-1QUIT\s0, \s-1USR1\s0, \s-1USR2\s0, \s-1TERM\s0, \s-1KILL\s0 signal to service
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBsvlogd\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "svlogd"
|
||
|
|
svlogd [\-ttv] [\-r c] [\-R abc] [\-l len] [\-b buflen] dir...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Continuously read log data from standard input, optionally
|
||
|
|
filter log messages, and write the data to one or more automatically
|
||
|
|
rotated logs
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBswapoff\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "swapoff"
|
||
|
|
swapoff [\-a] [\s-1DEVICE\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Stop swapping on \s-1DEVICE\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& \-a Stop swapping on all swap devices
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBswapon\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "swapon"
|
||
|
|
swapon [\-a] [\-p pri] [\s-1DEVICE\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Start swapping on \s-1DEVICE\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 2
|
||
|
|
\& \-a Start swapping on all swap devices
|
||
|
|
\& \-p pri Set swap device priority
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBswitch_root\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "switch_root"
|
||
|
|
switch_root [\-c /dev/console] \s-1NEW_ROOT\s0 \s-1NEW_INIT\s0 [\s-1ARGS\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Free initramfs and switch to another root fs:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
chroot to \s-1NEW_ROOT\s0, delete all in /, move \s-1NEW_ROOT\s0 to /,
|
||
|
|
execute \s-1NEW_INIT\s0. \s-1PID\s0 must be 1. \s-1NEW_ROOT\s0 must be a mountpoint.
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& \-c DEV Reopen stdio to DEV after switch
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBsync\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "sync"
|
||
|
|
sync
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Write all buffered blocks to disk
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBsysctl\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "sysctl"
|
||
|
|
sysctl [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1VALUE\s0]...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Configure kernel parameters at runtime
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 6
|
||
|
|
\& \-n Don\*(Aqt print key names
|
||
|
|
\& \-e Don\*(Aqt warn about unknown keys
|
||
|
|
\& \-w Change sysctl setting
|
||
|
|
\& \-p FILE Load sysctl settings from FILE (default /etc/sysctl.conf)
|
||
|
|
\& \-a Display all values
|
||
|
|
\& \-A Display all values in table form
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBsyslogd\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "syslogd"
|
||
|
|
syslogd [\s-1OPTIONS\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
System logging utility.
|
||
|
|
Note that this version of syslogd ignores /etc/syslog.conf.
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 10
|
||
|
|
\& \-n Run in foreground
|
||
|
|
\& \-O FILE Log to given file (default:/var/log/messages)
|
||
|
|
\& \-l n Set local log level
|
||
|
|
\& \-S Smaller logging output
|
||
|
|
\& \-s SIZE Max size (KB) before rotate (default:200KB, 0=off)
|
||
|
|
\& \-b NUM Number of rotated logs to keep (default:1, max=99, 0=purge)
|
||
|
|
\& \-R HOST[:PORT] Log to IP or hostname on PORT (default PORT=514/UDP)
|
||
|
|
\& \-L Log locally and via network (default is network only if \-R)
|
||
|
|
\& \-D Drop duplicates
|
||
|
|
\& \-C[size(KiB)] Log to shared mem buffer (read it using logread)
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBtac\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "tac"
|
||
|
|
tac [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Concatenate \s-1FILE\s0(s) and print them in reverse
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBtail\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "tail"
|
||
|
|
tail [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Print last 10 lines of each \s-1FILE\s0 to standard output.
|
||
|
|
With more than one \s-1FILE\s0, precede each with a header giving the
|
||
|
|
file name. With no \s-1FILE\s0, or when \s-1FILE\s0 is \-, read standard input.
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 6
|
||
|
|
\& \-c N[kbm] Output the last N bytes
|
||
|
|
\& \-n N[kbm] Print last N lines instead of last 10
|
||
|
|
\& \-f Output data as the file grows
|
||
|
|
\& \-q Never output headers giving file names
|
||
|
|
\& \-s SEC Wait SEC seconds between reads with \-f
|
||
|
|
\& \-v Always output headers giving file names
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
If the first character of N (bytes or lines) is a '+', output begins with
|
||
|
|
the Nth item from the start of each file, otherwise, print the last N items
|
||
|
|
in the file. N bytes may be suffixed by k (x1024), b (x512), or m (1024^2).
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBtar\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "tar"
|
||
|
|
tar \-[czjaZxtvO] [\-X \s-1FILE\s0] [\-f \s-1TARFILE\s0] [\-C \s-1DIR\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0(s)]...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Create, extract, or list files from a tar file
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 4
|
||
|
|
\& c Create
|
||
|
|
\& x Extract
|
||
|
|
\& t List
|
||
|
|
\&Archive format selection:
|
||
|
|
\&
|
||
|
|
\& z Filter the archive through gzip
|
||
|
|
\& j Filter the archive through bzip2
|
||
|
|
\& a Filter the archive through lzma
|
||
|
|
\& Z Filter the archive through compress
|
||
|
|
\&File selection:
|
||
|
|
\&
|
||
|
|
\& f Name of TARFILE or "\-" for stdin
|
||
|
|
\& O Extract to stdout
|
||
|
|
\& exclude File to exclude
|
||
|
|
\& X File with names to exclude
|
||
|
|
\& C Change to directory DIR before operation
|
||
|
|
\& v Verbose
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBtaskset\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "taskset"
|
||
|
|
taskset [\-p] [\s-1MASK\s0] [\s-1PID\s0 | \s-1PROG\s0 [\s-1ARGS\s0]]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Set or get \s-1CPU\s0 affinity
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& \-p Operate on an existing PID
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBtcpsvd\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "tcpsvd"
|
||
|
|
tcpsvd [\-hEv] [\-c N] [\-C N[:MSG]] [\-b N] [\-u \s-1USER\s0] [\-l \s-1NAME\s0] \s-1IP\s0 \s-1PORT\s0 \s-1PROG\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Create \s-1TCP\s0 socket, bind to \s-1IP:PORT\s0 and listen
|
||
|
|
for incoming connection. Run \s-1PROG\s0 for each connection.
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 10
|
||
|
|
\& IP IP to listen on. \*(Aq0\*(Aq = all
|
||
|
|
\& PORT Port to listen on
|
||
|
|
\& PROG [ARGS] Program to run
|
||
|
|
\& \-l NAME Local hostname (else looks up local hostname in DNS)
|
||
|
|
\& \-u USER[:GRP] Change to user/group after bind
|
||
|
|
\& \-c N Handle up to N connections simultaneously
|
||
|
|
\& \-b N Allow a backlog of approximately N TCP SYNs
|
||
|
|
\& \-C N[:MSG] Allow only up to N connections from the same IP
|
||
|
|
\& New connections from this IP address are closed
|
||
|
|
\& immediately. MSG is written to the peer before close
|
||
|
|
\& \-h Look up peer\*(Aqs hostname
|
||
|
|
\& \-E Do not set up environment variables
|
||
|
|
\& \-v Verbose
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBtee\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "tee"
|
||
|
|
tee [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Copy standard input to each \s-1FILE\s0, and also to standard output
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 2
|
||
|
|
\& \-a Append to the given FILEs, do not overwrite
|
||
|
|
\& \-i Ignore interrupt signals (SIGINT)
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBtelnet\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "telnet"
|
||
|
|
telnet [\-a] [\-l \s-1USER\s0] \s-1HOST\s0 [\s-1PORT\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Connect to telnet server
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 2
|
||
|
|
\& \-a Automatic login with $USER variable
|
||
|
|
\& \-l USER Automatic login as USER
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBtelnetd\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "telnetd"
|
||
|
|
telnetd [\s-1OPTIONS\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Handle incoming telnet connections
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 10
|
||
|
|
\& \-l LOGIN Exec LOGIN on connect
|
||
|
|
\& \-f ISSUE_FILE Display ISSUE_FILE instead of /etc/issue
|
||
|
|
\& \-K Close connection as soon as login exits
|
||
|
|
\& (normally wait until all programs close slave pty)
|
||
|
|
\& \-p PORT Port to listen on
|
||
|
|
\& \-b ADDR[:PORT] Address to bind to
|
||
|
|
\& \-F Run in foreground
|
||
|
|
\& \-i Run as inetd service
|
||
|
|
\& \-w SEC Run as inetd service in wait mode, linger time SEC
|
||
|
|
\& \-S Log to syslog (implied by \-i or without \-F and \-w)
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBtest\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "test"
|
||
|
|
test \s-1EXPRESSION\s0 ]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Check file types, compare values etc. Return a 0/1 exit code
|
||
|
|
depending on logical value of \s-1EXPRESSION\s0
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBtftp\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "tftp"
|
||
|
|
tftp [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1HOST\s0 [\s-1PORT\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Transfer a file from/to tftp server
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 5
|
||
|
|
\& \-l FILE Local FILE
|
||
|
|
\& \-r FILE Remote FILE
|
||
|
|
\& \-g Get file
|
||
|
|
\& \-p Put file
|
||
|
|
\& \-b SIZE Transfer blocks of SIZE octets
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBtftpd\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "tftpd"
|
||
|
|
tftpd [\-cr] [\-u \s-1USER\s0] [\s-1DIR\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Transfer a file on tftp client's request
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
tftpd should be used as an inetd service.
|
||
|
|
tftpd's line for inetd.conf:
|
||
|
|
69 dgram udp nowait root tftpd tftpd /files/to/serve
|
||
|
|
It also can be ran from udpsvd:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& udpsvd \-vE 0.0.0.0 69 tftpd /files/to/serve
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 3
|
||
|
|
\& \-r Prohibit upload
|
||
|
|
\& \-c Allow file creation via upload
|
||
|
|
\& \-u Access files as USER
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBtime\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "time"
|
||
|
|
time [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1PROG\s0 [\s-1ARGS\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Run \s-1PROG\s0. When it finishes, its resource usage is displayed.
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& \-v Verbose
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBtimeout\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "timeout"
|
||
|
|
timeout [\-t \s-1SECS\s0] [\-s \s-1SIG\s0] \s-1PROG\s0 [\s-1ARGS\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Runs \s-1PROG\s0. Sends \s-1SIG\s0 to it if it is not gone in \s-1SECS\s0 seconds.
|
||
|
|
Defaults: \s-1SECS:\s0 10, \s-1SIG:\s0 \s-1TERM\s0.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBtop\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "top"
|
||
|
|
top [\-b] [\-nCOUNT] [\-dSECONDS] [\-m]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Provide a view of process activity in real time.
|
||
|
|
Read the status of all processes from /proc each \s-1SECONDS\s0
|
||
|
|
and show the status for however many processes will fit on the screen.
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBtouch\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "touch"
|
||
|
|
touch [\-c] [\-d \s-1DATE\s0] \s-1FILE\s0 [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Update the last-modified date on the given FILE[s]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 2
|
||
|
|
\& \-c Do not create files
|
||
|
|
\& \-d DT Date/time to use
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBtr\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "tr"
|
||
|
|
tr [\-cds] \s-1STRING1\s0 [\s-1STRING2\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters from
|
||
|
|
standard input, writing to standard output
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 3
|
||
|
|
\& \-c Take complement of STRING1
|
||
|
|
\& \-d Delete input characters coded STRING1
|
||
|
|
\& \-s Squeeze multiple output characters of STRING2 into one character
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBtraceroute\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "traceroute"
|
||
|
|
traceroute [\-FIldnrv] [\-f 1st_ttl] [\-m max_ttl] [\-p port#] [\-q nqueries]
|
||
|
|
[\-s src_addr] [\-t tos] [\-w wait] [\-g gateway] [\-i iface]
|
||
|
|
[\-z pausemsecs] \s-1HOST\s0 [data size]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Trace the route to \s-1HOST\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 10
|
||
|
|
\& \-F Set the don\*(Aqt fragment bit
|
||
|
|
\& \-I Use ICMP ECHO instead of UDP datagrams
|
||
|
|
\& \-l Display the ttl value of the returned packet
|
||
|
|
\& \-d Set SO_DEBUG options to socket
|
||
|
|
\& \-n Print hop addresses numerically rather than symbolically
|
||
|
|
\& \-r Bypass the normal routing tables and send directly to a host
|
||
|
|
\& \-v Verbose
|
||
|
|
\& \-m max_ttl Max time\-to\-live (max number of hops)
|
||
|
|
\& \-p port# Base UDP port number used in probes
|
||
|
|
\& (default 33434)
|
||
|
|
\& \-q nqueries Number of probes per \*(Aqttl\*(Aq (default 3)
|
||
|
|
\& \-s src_addr IP address to use as the source address
|
||
|
|
\& \-t tos Type\-of\-service in probe packets (default 0)
|
||
|
|
\& \-w wait Time in seconds to wait for a response
|
||
|
|
\& (default 3 sec)
|
||
|
|
\& \-g Loose source route gateway (8 max)
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBtrue\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "true"
|
||
|
|
true
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Return an exit code of \s-1TRUE\s0 (0)
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBtty\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "tty"
|
||
|
|
tty
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Print file name of standard input's terminal
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& \-s Print nothing, only return exit status
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBttysize\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "ttysize"
|
||
|
|
ttysize [w] [h]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Print dimension(s) of standard input's terminal, on error return 80x25
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBudhcpc\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "udhcpc"
|
||
|
|
udhcpc [\-Cfbnqtvo] [\-c \s-1CID\s0] [\-V \s-1VCLS\s0] [\-H \s-1HOSTNAME\s0] [\-i \s-1INTERFACE\s0]
|
||
|
|
[\-p pidfile] [\-r \s-1IP\s0] [\-s script] [\-O dhcp\-option]...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 10
|
||
|
|
\& \-V,\-\-vendorclass=CLASSID Vendor class identifier
|
||
|
|
\& \-i,\-\-interface=INTERFACE Interface to use (default eth0)
|
||
|
|
\& \-H,\-h,\-\-hostname=HOSTNAME Client hostname
|
||
|
|
\& \-c,\-\-clientid=CLIENTID Client identifier
|
||
|
|
\& \-C,\-\-clientid\-none Suppress default client identifier
|
||
|
|
\& \-p,\-\-pidfile=file Create pidfile
|
||
|
|
\& \-r,\-\-request=IP IP address to request
|
||
|
|
\& \-s,\-\-script=file Run file at DHCP events (default /usr/share/udhcpc/default.script)
|
||
|
|
\& \-t,\-\-retries=N Send up to N request packets
|
||
|
|
\& \-T,\-\-timeout=N Try to get a lease for N seconds (default 3)
|
||
|
|
\& \-A,\-\-tryagain=N Wait N seconds (default 20) after failure
|
||
|
|
\& \-O,\-\-request\-option=OPT Request DHCP option OPT (cumulative)
|
||
|
|
\& \-o,\-\-no\-default\-options Do not request any options (unless \-O is also given)
|
||
|
|
\& \-f,\-\-foreground Run in foreground
|
||
|
|
\& \-b,\-\-background Background if lease is not immediately obtained
|
||
|
|
\& \-S,\-\-syslog Log to syslog too
|
||
|
|
\& \-n,\-\-now Exit with failure if lease is not immediately obtained
|
||
|
|
\& \-q,\-\-quit Quit after obtaining lease
|
||
|
|
\& \-R,\-\-release Release IP on quit
|
||
|
|
\& \-a,\-\-arping Use arping to validate offered address
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBudhcpd\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "udhcpd"
|
||
|
|
udhcpd [\-fS] [configfile]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
\&\s-1DHCP\s0 server
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 2
|
||
|
|
\& \-f Run in foreground
|
||
|
|
\& \-S Log to syslog too
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBudpsvd\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "udpsvd"
|
||
|
|
udpsvd [\-hEv] [\-c N] [\-u \s-1USER\s0] [\-l \s-1NAME\s0] \s-1IP\s0 \s-1PORT\s0 \s-1PROG\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Create \s-1UDP\s0 socket, bind to \s-1IP:PORT\s0 and wait
|
||
|
|
for incoming packets. Run \s-1PROG\s0 for each packet,
|
||
|
|
redirecting all further packets with same peer ip:port to it.
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 9
|
||
|
|
\& IP IP to listen on. \*(Aq0\*(Aq = all
|
||
|
|
\& PORT Port to listen on
|
||
|
|
\& PROG [ARGS] Program to run
|
||
|
|
\& \-l NAME Local hostname (else looks up local hostname in DNS)
|
||
|
|
\& \-u USER[:GRP] Change to user/group after bind
|
||
|
|
\& \-c N Handle up to N connections simultaneously
|
||
|
|
\& \-h Look up peer\*(Aqs hostname
|
||
|
|
\& \-E Do not set up environment variables
|
||
|
|
\& \-v Verbose
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBumount\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "umount"
|
||
|
|
umount [flags] FILESYSTEM|DIRECTORY
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Unmount file systems
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 5
|
||
|
|
\& \-a Unmount all file systems
|
||
|
|
\& \-r Try to remount devices as read\-only if mount is busy
|
||
|
|
\& \-l Lazy umount (detach filesystem)
|
||
|
|
\& \-f Force umount (i.e., unreachable NFS server)
|
||
|
|
\& \-d Free loop device if it has been used
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBuname\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "uname"
|
||
|
|
uname [\-amnrspv]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Print system information
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 7
|
||
|
|
\& \-a Print all
|
||
|
|
\& \-m The machine (hardware) type
|
||
|
|
\& \-n Hostname
|
||
|
|
\& \-r OS release
|
||
|
|
\& \-s OS name (default)
|
||
|
|
\& \-p Processor type
|
||
|
|
\& \-v OS version
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBuncompress\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "uncompress"
|
||
|
|
uncompress [\-c] [\-f] [name...]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Uncompress .Z file[s]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 2
|
||
|
|
\& \-c Extract to stdout
|
||
|
|
\& \-f Overwrite an existing file
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBunexpand\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "unexpand"
|
||
|
|
unexpand [\-f][\-a][\-t \s-1NUM\s0] [FILE|\-]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Convert spaces to tabs, writing to standard output
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 3
|
||
|
|
\& \-a,\-\-all Convert all blanks
|
||
|
|
\& \-f,\-\-first\-only Convert only leading blanks
|
||
|
|
\& \-t,\-\-tabs=N Tabstops every N chars
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBuniq\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "uniq"
|
||
|
|
uniq [\-fscduw]... [\s-1INPUT\s0 [\s-1OUTPUT\s0]]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Discard duplicate lines
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 6
|
||
|
|
\& \-c Prefix lines by the number of occurrences
|
||
|
|
\& \-d Only print duplicate lines
|
||
|
|
\& \-u Only print unique lines
|
||
|
|
\& \-f N Skip first N fields
|
||
|
|
\& \-s N Skip first N chars (after any skipped fields)
|
||
|
|
\& \-w N Compare N characters in line
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBunix2dos\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "unix2dos"
|
||
|
|
unix2dos [\s-1OPTION\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Convert \s-1FILE\s0 in-place from Unix to \s-1DOS\s0 format.
|
||
|
|
When no file is given, use stdin/stdout.
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 2
|
||
|
|
\& \-u dos2unix
|
||
|
|
\& \-d unix2dos
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBunlzma\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "unlzma"
|
||
|
|
unlzma [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Uncompress \s-1FILE\s0 (or standard input if \s-1FILE\s0 is '\-' or omitted)
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 2
|
||
|
|
\& \-c Write to standard output
|
||
|
|
\& \-f Force
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBunlzop\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "unlzop"
|
||
|
|
unlzop [\-cfvCF] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 4
|
||
|
|
\& \-c Write to standard output
|
||
|
|
\& \-f Force
|
||
|
|
\& \-v Verbose
|
||
|
|
\& \-F Don\*(Aqt store or verify checksum
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBunzip\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "unzip"
|
||
|
|
unzip [\-opts[modifiers]] file[.zip] [list] [\-x xlist] [\-d exdir]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Extract files from \s-1ZIP\s0 archives
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 7
|
||
|
|
\& \-l List archive contents (with \-q for short form)
|
||
|
|
\& \-n Never overwrite existing files (default)
|
||
|
|
\& \-o Overwrite files without prompting
|
||
|
|
\& \-p Send output to stdout
|
||
|
|
\& \-q Quiet
|
||
|
|
\& \-x Exclude these files
|
||
|
|
\& \-d Extract files into this directory
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBuptime\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "uptime"
|
||
|
|
uptime
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Display the time since the last boot
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBusleep\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "usleep"
|
||
|
|
usleep N
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Pause for N microseconds
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBuudecode\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "uudecode"
|
||
|
|
uudecode [\-o outfile] [infile]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Uudecode a file
|
||
|
|
Finds outfile name in uuencoded source unless \-o is given
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBuuencode\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "uuencode"
|
||
|
|
uuencode [\-m] [infile] stored_filename
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Uuencode a file to stdout
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& \-m Use base64 encoding per RFC1521
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBvconfig\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "vconfig"
|
||
|
|
vconfig \s-1COMMAND\s0 [\s-1OPTIONS\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Create and remove virtual ethernet devices
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 6
|
||
|
|
\& add [interface\-name] [vlan_id]
|
||
|
|
\& rem [vlan\-name]
|
||
|
|
\& set_flag [interface\-name] [flag\-num] [0 | 1]
|
||
|
|
\& set_egress_map [vlan\-name] [skb_priority] [vlan_qos]
|
||
|
|
\& set_ingress_map [vlan\-name] [skb_priority] [vlan_qos]
|
||
|
|
\& set_name_type [name\-type]
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBvi\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "vi"
|
||
|
|
vi [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Edit \s-1FILE\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 3
|
||
|
|
\& \-c Initial command to run ($EXINIT also available)
|
||
|
|
\& \-R Read\-only \- do not write to the file
|
||
|
|
\& \-H Short help regarding available features
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBvlock\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "vlock"
|
||
|
|
vlock [\s-1OPTIONS\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Lock a virtual terminal. A password is required to unlock.
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& \-a Lock all VTs
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBvolname\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "volname"
|
||
|
|
volname [\s-1DEVICE\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Show \s-1CD\s0 volume name of the \s-1DEVICE\s0 (default /dev/cdrom)
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBwatch\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "watch"
|
||
|
|
watch [\-n seconds] [\-t] \s-1PROG\s0 [\s-1ARGS\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Run \s-1PROG\s0 periodically
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 2
|
||
|
|
\& \-n Loop period in seconds (default 2)
|
||
|
|
\& \-t Don\*(Aqt print header
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBwatchdog\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "watchdog"
|
||
|
|
watchdog [\-t N[ms]] [\-T N[ms]] [\-F] \s-1DEV\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Periodically write to watchdog device \s-1DEV\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 3
|
||
|
|
\& \-T N Reboot after N seconds if not reset (default 60)
|
||
|
|
\& \-t N Reset every N seconds (default 30)
|
||
|
|
\& \-F Run in foreground
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Use 500ms to specify period in milliseconds
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBwc\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "wc"
|
||
|
|
wc [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Print line, word, and byte counts for each \s-1FILE\s0, and a total line if
|
||
|
|
more than one \s-1FILE\s0 is specified. With no \s-1FILE\s0, read standard input.
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 4
|
||
|
|
\& \-c Print the byte counts
|
||
|
|
\& \-l Print the newline counts
|
||
|
|
\& \-L Print the length of the longest line
|
||
|
|
\& \-w Print the word counts
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBwget\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "wget"
|
||
|
|
wget [\-c|\-\-continue] [\-s|\-\-spider] [\-q|\-\-quiet] [\-O|\-\-output\-document file]
|
||
|
|
[\-\-header 'header: value'] [\-Y|\-\-proxy on/off] [\-P \s-1DIR\s0]
|
||
|
|
[\-U|\-\-user\-agent agent] url
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Retrieve files via \s-1HTTP\s0 or \s-1FTP\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 7
|
||
|
|
\& \-s Spider mode \- only check file existence
|
||
|
|
\& \-c Continue retrieval of aborted transfer
|
||
|
|
\& \-q Quiet
|
||
|
|
\& \-P Set directory prefix to DIR
|
||
|
|
\& \-O Save to filename (\*(Aq\-\*(Aq for stdout)
|
||
|
|
\& \-U Adjust \*(AqUser\-Agent\*(Aq field
|
||
|
|
\& \-Y Use proxy (\*(Aqon\*(Aq or \*(Aqoff\*(Aq)
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBwhich\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "which"
|
||
|
|
which [\s-1COMMAND\s0]...
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Locate a \s-1COMMAND\s0
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBwho\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "who"
|
||
|
|
who [\-a]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Show who is logged on
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& \-a show all
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBwhoami\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "whoami"
|
||
|
|
whoami
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Print the user name associated with the current effective user id
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBxargs\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "xargs"
|
||
|
|
xargs [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1PROG\s0 [\s-1ARGS\s0]]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Run \s-1PROG\s0 on every item given by standard input
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 8
|
||
|
|
\& \-p Ask user whether to run each command
|
||
|
|
\& \-r Do not run command if input is empty
|
||
|
|
\& \-0 Input is separated by NUL characters
|
||
|
|
\& \-t Print the command on stderr before execution
|
||
|
|
\& \-e[STR] STR stops input processing
|
||
|
|
\& \-n N Pass no more than N args to PROG
|
||
|
|
\& \-s N Pass command line of no more than N bytes
|
||
|
|
\& \-x Exit if size is exceeded
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fByes\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "yes"
|
||
|
|
yes [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1STRING\s0]
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Repeatedly output a line with \s-1STRING\s0, or 'y'
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBzcat\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "zcat"
|
||
|
|
zcat \s-1FILE\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Uncompress to stdout
|
||
|
|
.IP "\fBzcip\fR" 4
|
||
|
|
.IX Item "zcip"
|
||
|
|
zcip [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1IFACE\s0 \s-1SCRIPT\s0
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Manage a ZeroConf IPv4 link-local address
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
Options:
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
.Vb 4
|
||
|
|
\& \-f Run in foreground
|
||
|
|
\& \-q Quit after obtaining address
|
||
|
|
\& \-r 169.254.x.x Request this address first
|
||
|
|
\& \-v Verbose
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.Sp
|
||
|
|
With no \-q, runs continuously monitoring for \s-1ARP\s0 conflicts,
|
||
|
|
exits only on I/O errors (link down etc)
|
||
|
|
.SH "LIBC NSS"
|
||
|
|
.IX Header "LIBC NSS"
|
||
|
|
\&\s-1GNU\s0 Libc (glibc) uses the Name Service Switch (\s-1NSS\s0) to configure the behavior
|
||
|
|
of the C library for the local environment, and to configure how it reads
|
||
|
|
system data, such as passwords and group information. This is implemented
|
||
|
|
using an /etc/nsswitch.conf configuration file, and using one or more of the
|
||
|
|
/lib/libnss_* libraries. BusyBox tries to avoid using any libc calls that make
|
||
|
|
use of \s-1NSS\s0. Some applets however, such as login and su, will use libc functions
|
||
|
|
that require \s-1NSS\s0.
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
If you enable \s-1CONFIG_USE_BB_PWD_GRP\s0, BusyBox will use internal functions to
|
||
|
|
directly access the /etc/passwd, /etc/group, and /etc/shadow files without
|
||
|
|
using \s-1NSS\s0. This may allow you to run your system without the need for
|
||
|
|
installing any of the \s-1NSS\s0 configuration files and libraries.
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
When used with glibc, the BusyBox 'networking' applets will similarly require
|
||
|
|
that you install at least some of the glibc \s-1NSS\s0 stuff (in particular,
|
||
|
|
/etc/nsswitch.conf, /lib/libnss_dns*, /lib/libnss_files*, and /lib/libresolv*).
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Shameless Plug: As an alternative, one could use a C library such as uClibc. In
|
||
|
|
addition to making your system significantly smaller, uClibc does not require the
|
||
|
|
use of any \s-1NSS\s0 support files or libraries.
|
||
|
|
.SH "MAINTAINER"
|
||
|
|
.IX Header "MAINTAINER"
|
||
|
|
Denis Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
|
||
|
|
.SH "AUTHORS"
|
||
|
|
.IX Header "AUTHORS"
|
||
|
|
The following people have contributed code to BusyBox whether they know it or
|
||
|
|
not. If you have written code included in BusyBox, you should probably be
|
||
|
|
listed here so you can obtain your bit of eternal glory. If you should be
|
||
|
|
listed here, or the description of what you have done needs more detail, or is
|
||
|
|
incorrect, please send in an update.
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Emanuele Aina <emanuele.aina@tiscali.it>
|
||
|
|
run-parts
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Erik Andersen <andersen@codepoet.org>
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 4
|
||
|
|
\& Tons of new stuff, major rewrite of most of the
|
||
|
|
\& core apps, tons of new apps as noted in header files.
|
||
|
|
\& Lots of tedious effort writing these boring docs that
|
||
|
|
\& nobody is going to actually read.
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Laurence Anderson <l.d.anderson@warwick.ac.uk>
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& rpm2cpio, unzip, get_header_cpio, read_gz interface, rpm
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Jeff Angielski <jeff@theptrgroup.com>
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& ftpput, ftpget
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Edward Betts <edward@debian.org>
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& expr, hostid, logname, whoami
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
John Beppu <beppu@codepoet.org>
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& du, nslookup, sort
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Brian Candler <B.Candler@pobox.com>
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& tiny\-ls(ls)
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Randolph Chung <tausq@debian.org>
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& fbset, ping, hostname
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Dave Cinege <dcinege@psychosis.com>
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 2
|
||
|
|
\& more(v2), makedevs, dutmp, modularization, auto links file,
|
||
|
|
\& various fixes, Linux Router Project maintenance
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Jordan Crouse <jordan@cosmicpenguin.net>
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& ipcalc
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Magnus Damm <damm@opensource.se>
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& tftp client insmod powerpc support
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Larry Doolittle <ldoolitt@recycle.lbl.gov>
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& pristine source directory compilation, lots of patches and fixes.
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Glenn Engel <glenne@engel.org>
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& httpd
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Gennady Feldman <gfeldman@gena01.com>
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 2
|
||
|
|
\& Sysklogd (single threaded syslogd, IPC Circular buffer support,
|
||
|
|
\& logread), various fixes.
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Karl M. Hegbloom <karlheg@debian.org>
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& cp_mv.c, the test suite, various fixes to utility.c, &c.
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Daniel Jacobowitz <dan@debian.org>
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& mktemp.c
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Matt Kraai <kraai@alumni.cmu.edu>
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& documentation, bugfixes, test suite
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Stephan Linz <linz@li\-pro.net>
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& ipcalc, Red Hat equivalence
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
John Lombardo <john@deltanet.com>
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& tr
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Glenn McGrath <bug1@iinet.net.au>
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 3
|
||
|
|
\& Common unarchiving code and unarchiving applets, ifupdown, ftpgetput,
|
||
|
|
\& nameif, sed, patch, fold, install, uudecode.
|
||
|
|
\& Various bugfixes, review and apply numerous patches.
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Manuel Novoa \s-1III\s0 <mjn3@codepoet.org>
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 3
|
||
|
|
\& cat, head, mkfifo, mknod, rmdir, sleep, tee, tty, uniq, usleep, wc, yes,
|
||
|
|
\& mesg, vconfig, make_directory, parse_mode, dirname, mode_string,
|
||
|
|
\& get_last_path_component, simplify_path, and a number trivial libbb routines
|
||
|
|
\&
|
||
|
|
\& also bug fixes, partial rewrites, and size optimizations in
|
||
|
|
\& ash, basename, cal, cmp, cp, df, du, echo, env, ln, logname, md5sum, mkdir,
|
||
|
|
\& mv, realpath, rm, sort, tail, touch, uname, watch, arith, human_readable,
|
||
|
|
\& interface, dutmp, ifconfig, route
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Vladimir Oleynik <dzo@simtreas.ru>
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 4
|
||
|
|
\& cmdedit; xargs(current), httpd(current);
|
||
|
|
\& ports: ash, crond, fdisk, inetd, stty, traceroute, top;
|
||
|
|
\& locale, various fixes
|
||
|
|
\& and irreconcilable critic of everything not perfect.
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Bruce Perens <bruce@pixar.com>
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 2
|
||
|
|
\& Original author of BusyBox in 1995, 1996. Some of his code can
|
||
|
|
\& still be found hiding here and there...
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Tim Riker <Tim@Rikers.org>
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& bug fixes, member of fan club
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Kent Robotti <robotti@metconnect.com>
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& reset, tons and tons of bug reports and patches.
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Chip Rosenthal <chip@unicom.com>, <crosenth@covad.com>
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& wget \- Contributed by permission of Covad Communications
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Pavel Roskin <proski@gnu.org>
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& Lots of bugs fixes and patches.
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Gyepi Sam <gyepi@praxis\-sw.com>
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& Remote logging feature for syslogd
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Linus Torvalds <torvalds@transmeta.com>
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& mkswap, fsck.minix, mkfs.minix
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Mark Whitley <markw@codepoet.org>
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 2
|
||
|
|
\& grep, sed, cut, xargs(previous),
|
||
|
|
\& style\-guide, new\-applet\-HOWTO, bug fixes, etc.
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Charles P. Wright <cpwright@villagenet.com>
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& gzip, mini\-netcat(nc)
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Enrique Zanardi <ezanardi@ull.es>
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& tarcat (since removed), loadkmap, various fixes, Debian maintenance
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Tito Ragusa <farmatito@tiscali.it>
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& devfsd and size optimizations in strings, openvt and deallocvt.
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|