--- cloudinit/config/cc_resizefs.py.orig
+++ cloudinit/config/cc_resizefs.py
@@ -60,15 +60,28 @@ def _resize_btrfs(mount_point, devpth):
     if not util.mount_is_read_write(mount_point) and os.path.isdir(
         "%s/.snapshots" % mount_point
     ):
-        return (
+        cmd = [
             "btrfs",
             "filesystem",
             "resize",
             "max",
             "%s/.snapshots" % mount_point,
-        )
+            ]
     else:
-        return ("btrfs", "filesystem", "resize", "max", mount_point)
+        cmd = ["btrfs", "filesystem", "resize", "max", mount_point]
+
+    # btrfs has exclusive operations and resize may fail if btrfs is busy
+    # doing one of the operations that prevents resize. As of btrfs 5.10
+    # the resize operation can be queued
+    btrfs_with_queue = util.Version().from_str("5.10")
+    system_btrfs_ver = util.Version().from_str(
+        subp.subp(["btrfs", "--version"])[0].split("v")[-1].strip()
+    )
+    if system_btrfs_ver >= btrfs_with_queue:
+        idx = cmd.index("resize")
+        cmd.insert(idx + 1, "--enqueue")
+
+    return tuple(cmd)
 
 
 def _resize_ext(mount_point, devpth):
--- tests/unittests/config/test_cc_resizefs.py.orig
+++ tests/unittests/config/test_cc_resizefs.py
@@ -444,10 +444,12 @@ class TestMaybeGetDevicePathAsWritableBl
 
     @mock.patch("cloudinit.util.mount_is_read_write")
     @mock.patch("cloudinit.config.cc_resizefs.os.path.isdir")
-    def test_resize_btrfs_mount_is_ro(self, m_is_dir, m_is_rw):
+    @mock.patch("cloudinit.subp.subp")
+    def test_resize_btrfs_mount_is_ro(self, m_subp, m_is_dir, m_is_rw):
         """Do not resize / directly if it is read-only. (LP: #1734787)."""
         m_is_rw.return_value = False
         m_is_dir.return_value = True
+        m_subp.return_value = ("btrfs-progs v4.19 \n", "")
         self.assertEqual(
             ("btrfs", "filesystem", "resize", "max", "//.snapshots"),
             _resize_btrfs("/", "/dev/sda1"),
@@ -455,15 +457,32 @@ class TestMaybeGetDevicePathAsWritableBl
 
     @mock.patch("cloudinit.util.mount_is_read_write")
     @mock.patch("cloudinit.config.cc_resizefs.os.path.isdir")
-    def test_resize_btrfs_mount_is_rw(self, m_is_dir, m_is_rw):
+    @mock.patch("cloudinit.subp.subp")
+    def test_resize_btrfs_mount_is_rw(self, m_subp, m_is_dir, m_is_rw):
         """Do not resize / directly if it is read-only. (LP: #1734787)."""
         m_is_rw.return_value = True
         m_is_dir.return_value = True
+        m_subp.return_value = ("btrfs-progs v4.19 \n", "")
         self.assertEqual(
             ("btrfs", "filesystem", "resize", "max", "/"),
             _resize_btrfs("/", "/dev/sda1"),
         )
 
+    @mock.patch("cloudinit.util.mount_is_read_write")
+    @mock.patch("cloudinit.config.cc_resizefs.os.path.isdir")
+    @mock.patch("cloudinit.subp.subp")
+    def test_resize_btrfs_mount_is_rw_has_queue(
+        self, m_subp, m_is_dir, m_is_rw
+    ):
+        """Queue the resize request if btrfs >= 5.10"""
+        m_is_rw.return_value = True
+        m_is_dir.return_value = True
+        m_subp.return_value = ("btrfs-progs v5.10 \n", "")
+        self.assertEqual(
+            ("btrfs", "filesystem", "resize", "--enqueue", "max", "/"),
+            _resize_btrfs("/", "/dev/sda1"),
+        )
+
     @mock.patch("cloudinit.util.is_container", return_value=True)
     @mock.patch("cloudinit.util.is_FreeBSD")
     def test_maybe_get_writable_device_path_zfs_freebsd(