dcraw/README

http://www.cybercom.net/~dcoffin/dcraw/:

   [1]Back to Dave Coffin's Home Page

   [2]en Esperanto

   Welcome! If you are wondering how to connect your digital camera and
   download images to a Linux PC, go to the [3]gPhoto homepage. My
   software is for processing those images after downloading them.

   If you're downloading JPEG files, you don't need my software at all.
   The image has already been processed inside the camera. Almost all
   digital cameras made since 1997 produce JPEG images, so why would you
   want to do it any other way?

   Well, despite the convenience and ubiquity of JPEG, there are some
   disadvantages. JPEG is a lossy format -- to fit a big image into a
   small file, a lot of information is thrown away. That's why midrange
   and high-end digital cameras offer an alternative: Raw, unprocessed CCD
   data files, for which the camera manufacturer provides special decoding
   software.

   Of course this software is for Windows and Macintosh only, with no
   source code. So it's useless to users of other operating systems,
   programmers hoping to design a better interpolation algorithm, and
   historians not yet born in an era when the only Windows machines will
   be in museums.

   So here is my mission: Write and maintain an ANSI C program that
   decodes any raw image from any digital camera on any computer running
   any operating system.

   That program is called [4]dcraw (pronounced "dee-see-raw"), and it's
   become a standard tool within and without the Open Source world. It's
   small (about 7000 lines), portable (standard C libraries only), free
   (both "gratis" and "libre"), and when used skillfully, produces
   [5]better quality [6]output than the tools provided by the camera
   vendor.

   [7]Here's my resume. I do freelance consulting related to dcraw, and
   I'm also available for full-time software work in the Northeast USA.

   I can be reached by sending e-mail to cybercom dot net with the
   username "dcoffin".

  News and Interviews

   [8]Essay for Digital Outback Photo, 25 April 2003
   [9]Article in News.com, 21 April 2005
   [10]Interview with Digital Photography Review, 27 April 2005
   [11]Interview with Thorsten Schnebeck, 10 June 2006
   [12]Interview with Ladinamo, 16 June 2006

  My Code

   Unless otherwise noted in the source code, these programs are free for
   all uses, although I would like to receive credit for them. Donations
   are welcome too, if you're making money from my code.

   Note to Linux distributors: The only executable files that should be
   installed by a dcraw package are "dcraw", "clean_crw", and maybe
   "fuji_green", "fujiturn", and "fujiturn16". My shell scripts are
   dangerous and should only be installed in a "doc" directory without
   execute permission.
     * [13]dcraw.c -- decodes raw photos, extracts thumbnails, and
       displays metadata
       Supports 260 cameras at last count. Compile with "gcc -o dcraw -O4
       dcraw.c -lm -ljpeg -llcms" or "gcc -o dcraw -O4 dcraw.c -lm
       -DNO_JPEG -DNO_LCMS". Run with no arguments to see a usage message.
       Don't complain that 16-bit output is too dark -- read the FAQ!
     * [14]UNIX manpage for dcraw
       This is dcraw's official user documentation, updated in lockstep
       with the source code.
     * [15]rawphoto.c -- basic plugin for GIMP 1.2 & 2.0
       After installing "dcraw", do "gimptool --install rawphoto.c". My
       plugin provides a simple dialog box for loading raw files into the
       Gimp. [16]Udi Fuchs and [17]Joseph Heled have written much nicer
       plugins, with live preview, histograms, and color curves.
     * [18].badpixels -- my camera's "hot pixels"
       This file tells dcraw which pixels have died and when, so that it
       can interpolate around them.
     * [19]dcraw.c,v -- complete unabridged RCS file
       This file contains the entire history of dcraw.c since its
       conception on February 23, 1997. If you don't have the RCS toolkit,
       [20]download it here.
     * [21]parse.c -- read image data structures
       This program displays CIFF and TIFF data structures in a very
       cryptic format.
     * [22]clean_crw.c -- clean Canon CRW files
       Recovered or undeleted CRW files often have junk appended to them
       that makes them unreadable. This program safely cleans CRW files.
     * [23]fujiturn.c -- rotate Fuji Super CCD images
       An alternative to dcraw's built-in Fuji rotation.
     * [24]fuji_green.c -- convert Fuji green pixels to PGM
       A side benefit of the Fuji Super CCD design is that its green
       pixels make nice greyscale images.

   For hackers only:
     * [25]decompress.c is a simple reference decompressor for CRW files.
     * [26]sony_clear.c decrypts SRF files from the Sony DSC-F828.

  Internationalization

   To install dcraw with support for non-English languages, download the
   latest tarball [27]from this directory and run the "install" script.
   The currently supported languages are Esperanto, Russian, French,
   Italian, German, Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, Polish, and Chinese (both
   Traditional and Simplified).

   To add another language, send me translations of [28]this manpage and
   [29]this message table in UTF-8 encoding. Translate only from my
   original English and Esperanto texts -- other languages may contain
   factual errors invisible to me.

   Do not translate "Cannot do X" as "It is impossible to do X". Dcraw is
   not perfect, so if it cannot do something, that does not mean that the
   task is impossible. Computers must never use the pronoun "I", so write
   "dcraw cannot do X".

   "no white balance option" means "no option for white balance". Do not
   translate it as "an option for no white balance"!

   It is correct to say that dcraw decodes "raw photos". Some of these raw
   photos are raw files (raw images with no other data of any kind), but
   most contain data structures full of other information about the raw
   image (called "metadata").

   "raw" is an English word, not an acronym or file format. "raw photo"
   should be translated with the same adjective that you would use for
   "crude oil" or "raw materials".

   There are dozens of raw photo formats: CRW, CR2, MRW, NEF, RAF, etc.
   "RAW Format" does not exist; it is an illusion created by dcraw's
   ability to read all raw formats.

  Other Raw Photo Decoders

   Dcraw has made it far easier for developers to support a wide range of
   digital cameras in their applications. They can call dcraw from a
   graphical interface, paste pieces of dcraw.c into their code, or just
   use dcraw.c as the documentation that camera makers refuse to provide:
     * [30]ACDSee
     * [31]Adobe Photoshop
     * [32]BR's PhotoArchiver by Baard Riiber
     * [33]BreezeBrowser by Chris Breeze
     * [34]Conceiva Lightbox
     * [35]cPicture by Juergen Eidt
     * [36]Cumulus by Canto
     * [37]dcRAW-X by Bryan Chang
     * [38]DCRawUI by Sune Trudslev
     * [39]Directory Opus Plugin by Leo Davidson(with C++ source code)
     * [40]DeepSkyStacker by Luc Coiffier
     * [41]dpMagic by Mikhail Stolpner
     * [42]EasyRaw Studio
     * [43]GraphicConverter by Thorsten Lemke
     * [44]GVBox from JCO Consulting
     * [45]ImageLab from Aragon System
     * [46]IrfanView by Irfan Skiljan
     * [47]IRIS image processor for astronomers
     * [48]KA Photoservice
     * [49]Lightbox by Josh Anon
     * [50]LightZone by Anton Kast
     * [51]Mixpo by Mixpo Portfolio Broadcasting Inc.
     * [52]Photo Companion by Jeff Moore
     * [53]Photo Jockey by Davie Lee Reed who also wrote a [54]dcraw
       interface for Delphi programmers.
     * [55]Photo Organizer by Balint Kis
     * [56]PhotoReviewer by Ben Haller
     * [57]Photovault by Harri Kaimio
     * [58]Picasa from Google
     * [59]Picture Arena by Felix Schwarz
     * [60]PixInsight by Pleiades Software
     * [61]PiXPO by PiXPO Inc.
     * [62]PolyView by Polybytes
     * [63]PowerShovel-II by Luc Minnebo
     * [64]RAW Developer by Iridient Digital
     * [65]Raw Magick
     * [66]RawConvert by Jason Swain
     * [67]RawDrop by Frank Siegert
     * [68]RawShooter from pixmantec
     * [69]RawView by Jari Savolainen
     * [70]Serif PhotoPlus, PanoramaPlus, and AlbumPlus
     * [71]SharpRaw by Duane DeSieno
     * [72]SilverFast DCPro by LaserSoft Imaging
     * [73]StudioLine Photo by H&M Software
     * [74]ViewIt by Zdzislaw Losvik
     * [75]Viewer n5 by Dmitry Fedorov
     * [76]VueScan by Ed Hamrick

  Frequently Asked Questions

   I don't have a C compiler. Could you send me an executable?
          No, but Francisco Montilla provides Mac OS and Windows
          executables [77]on his website. And Benjamin Lebsanft has
          volunteered to maintain [78]Windows executables optimized for
          specific CPUs.

          If you're familiar with the DOS command line but don't know C,
          you can install this [79]free C compiler for Windows and compile
          dcraw.c quite easily.

   Why does dcraw say "Out of memory" in Windows Vista?
          This is an arbitrary limitation of Windows Vista that will be
          fixed in Service Pack 1. Thomas Nicely (of Pentium FDIV fame)
          has a [80]page describing the problem. At the moment, the only
          workaround is to build dcraw.exe with a Microsoft compiler
          instead of a GNU compiler.

   How can I read the EXIF data (shutter speed, aperture, etc.)?
          [81]Phil Harvey's ExifTool provides a unified Perl-based EXIF
          reader (and editor!) for all cameras and file formats. "dcraw -i
          -v" is much faster, but provides less information.

   How can I read NEF files from Nikon scanners?
          Dcraw only supports cameras. Try [82]this simple program for
          scanners.

   How can I read Nikon Dust Off images (NDF files)?
          [83]Use this program.

   Do you have any specifications describing raw photo formats?
          Yes, but they tend to omit important details, like how to
          decompress the raw image or decrypt private metadata. See the
          [84]TIFF spec, the [85]TIFF/EP spec, the [86]Adobe DNG spec, the
          [87]CIFF (CRW) spec, and the [88]X3F spec.

   Where can I get an assortment of raw photos to test my software?
          [89]This website is a good place to exchange sample raw photos.
          For the complete dcraw test suite (every camera supported by
          dcraw), I sell a 2-DVD set for $600 and web-based updates for
          $300/year.

   I'm designing a digital camera. How do I convert its raw photos into
          something that dcraw and Adobe Photoshop can open?
          Download [90]LibTIFF v3.8.2 and apply [91]this patch. Then use
          [92]this C program as a template for converting your photos to
          valid [93]Adobe DNG files.

   Why are dcraw output images larger than camera JPEGs?
          Any algorithm that combines each pixel with its neighbors is
          going to have problems near the edges. C code is cheap, so dcraw
          applies a different algorithm to edge pixels. Hardware logic is
          expensive, so cameras crop off the edge pixels after processing.

   I shot a raw photo with no light. Why does it appear all noisy, when it
          should be solid black?
          No matter how dark an image is, dcraw's auto-exposure stretches
          it so that one percent of its pixels appear white. The "-b"
          option adjusts this behavior, while "-4" (16-bit output) avoids
          it entirely.

   I bracket plus/minus two stops, but all five shots look almost the same
          in dcraw. Why?
          See the previous question.

   Why is 16-bit output dark / unreadable?
          If you want pretty pictures straight out of dcraw, stay with
          8-bit output. 16-bit linear output is the best raw material for
          professional image editors such as [94]Photoshop and
          [95]CinePaint, but it's no good for most image viewers.

   What does the "-f" (four color RGB) option do?
          If you see patterns like [96]this or [97]this in your output
          images, first try "dcraw -a". If these patterns persist, use
          "dcraw -f" to get rid of them.

   Could you please add an option for TIFF / FITS / PNG / BMP / JPEG
          output?
          In versions 8.25 and later, "dcraw -T" writes TIFF output with
          metadata. To write other formats:

dcraw -c crw_0001.crw | pnmtofits > crw_0001.fits
dcraw -c crw_0001.crw | pnmtopng > crw_0001.png
dcraw -c crw_0001.crw | ppmtobmp > crw_0001.bmp
dcraw -c crw_0001.crw | cjpeg > crw_0001.jpeg

          I used the [98]Netpbm toolkit in these examples. [99]ImageMagick
          also does command-line format conversions. Both are free.

   Why don't you implement dcraw as a library?
          I have decided that dcraw shall be a command-line program
          written in C, and that any further abstraction layers must be
          added around this core, not inside it.

          Library code is ugly because it cannot use global variables.
          Libraries are more difficult to modify, build, install, and test
          than standalone programs, and so are inappropriate for file
          formats that change every day.

          There's a simpler way to make dcraw modular and thread-safe: Run
          it as a separate process. Eric Raymond [100]explains this
          technique here.

   Why are there false colors along edges within the image?
          Because of interpolation. This is a hard problem, easily
          defined:

         1. Take a three-color RGB image. At each pixel, set two color
            values to zero.
         2. Reconstruct the original three-color image as best you can
            from the remaining one color per pixel.

          Dcraw currently gives a choice of three methods: Bilinear,
          Variable Number of Gradients (VNG), and Adaptive
          Homogeneity-Directed (AHD).

          [101]The Foveon X3 Capture chip requires a different kind of
          interpolation. Unlike CCD arrays, it captures three colors at
          every pixel location. But the colors are not well separated, so
          the raw data looks very gray. Much processing is needed to
          enhance color while suppressing noise.

   How do I get my camera to take raw photos?
          For the Canon PowerShot A610, A620, and others, [102]go here.
          For some Nikon Coolpix cameras, you need to enable a
          [103]special "DIAG RAW" mode.
          For Casio cameras, see [104]Maurice Delaney's website or read
          [105]this discussion on dpreview.
          For the Minolta DiMAGE G400, G500, G530, or G600, go [106]here
          (in Russian) or [107]here (in English).
          For the Minolta DiMAGE Z2 and Nikon Coolpix 2100/3100/3700,
          [108]go here.
          For SMaL cameras, see the [109]camerahacking Forum.

          For other cameras, refer to the User's Manual.

   Does dcraw work with my camera?
          Most likely, yes. If your camera is not on the list below, try
          dcraw anyway. If it doesn't work, post a raw image to a website
          and e-mail me the URL. If you don't have a website, use
          [110]Dropload or [111]YouSendIt.

          Ideally, your sample image should show a standard white card or
          color chart in direct sunlight, with other colors in the
          background.

  Supported Cameras

     * Adobe Digital Negative (DNG)
     * Apple QuickTake 100
     * Apple QuickTake 150
     * AVT F-145C
     * AVT F-201C
     * AVT F-510C
     * AVT F-810C
     * Canon PowerShot 600
     * Canon PowerShot A5
     * Canon PowerShot A5 Zoom
     * Canon PowerShot A50
     * Canon PowerShot A610
     * Canon PowerShot A620
     * Canon PowerShot A630
     * Canon PowerShot A640
     * Canon PowerShot Pro70
     * Canon PowerShot Pro90 IS
     * Canon PowerShot G1
     * Canon PowerShot G2
     * Canon PowerShot G3
     * Canon PowerShot G5
     * Canon PowerShot G6
     * Canon PowerShot S2 IS
     * Canon PowerShot S3 IS
     * Canon PowerShot S30
     * Canon PowerShot S40
     * Canon PowerShot S45
     * Canon PowerShot S50
     * Canon PowerShot S60
     * Canon PowerShot S70
     * Canon PowerShot Pro1
     * Canon EOS D30
     * Canon EOS D60
     * Canon EOS 5D
     * Canon EOS 10D
     * Canon EOS 20D
     * Canon EOS 30D
     * Canon EOS 300D / Digital Rebel / Kiss Digital
     * Canon EOS 350D / Digital Rebel XT / Kiss Digital N
     * Canon EOS 400D / Digital Rebel XTi / Kiss Digital X
     * Canon EOS D2000C
     * Canon EOS-1D
     * Canon EOS-1DS
     * Canon EOS-1D Mark II
     * Canon EOS-1D Mark III
     * Canon EOS-1D Mark II N
     * Canon EOS-1Ds Mark II
     * Casio QV-2000UX
     * Casio QV-3000EX
     * Casio QV-3500EX
     * Casio QV-4000
     * Casio QV-5700
     * Casio QV-R41
     * Casio QV-R51
     * Casio QV-R61
     * Casio EX-S100
     * Casio EX-Z4
     * Casio EX-Z50
     * Casio EX-Z55
     * Casio Exlim Pro 505
     * Casio Exlim Pro 600
     * Casio Exlim Pro 700
     * Contax N Digital
     * Creative PC-CAM 600
     * Epson R-D1
     * Foculus 531C
     * Fuji FinePix E550
     * Fuji FinePix E900
     * Fuji FinePix F700
     * Fuji FinePix F710
     * Fuji FinePix F800
     * Fuji FinePix F810
     * Fuji FinePix S2Pro
     * Fuji FinePix S3Pro
     * Fuji FinePix S5Pro
     * Fuji FinePix S20Pro
     * Fuji FinePix S5000
     * Fuji FinePix S5100/S5500
     * Fuji FinePix S5200/S5600
     * Fuji FinePix S6000fd
     * Fuji FinePix S7000
     * Fuji FinePix S9000/S9500
     * Imacon Ixpress 16-megapixel
     * Imacon Ixpress 22-megapixel
     * Imacon Ixpress 39-megapixel
     * ISG 2020x1520
     * Kodak DC20 (see [112]Oliver Hartman's page)
     * Kodak DC25 (see [113]Jun-ichiro Itoh's page)
     * Kodak DC40
     * Kodak DC50
     * Kodak DC120 (also try [114]kdc2tiff)
     * Kodak DCS200
     * Kodak DCS315C
     * Kodak DCS330C
     * Kodak DCS420
     * Kodak DCS460
     * Kodak DCS460A
     * Kodak DCS520C
     * Kodak DCS560C
     * Kodak DCS620C
     * Kodak DCS620X
     * Kodak DCS660C
     * Kodak DCS660M
     * Kodak DCS720X
     * Kodak DCS760C
     * Kodak DCS760M
     * Kodak EOSDCS1
     * Kodak EOSDCS3B
     * Kodak NC2000F
     * Kodak ProBack
     * Kodak PB645C
     * Kodak PB645H
     * Kodak PB645M
     * Kodak DCS Pro 14n
     * Kodak DCS Pro 14nx
     * Kodak DCS Pro SLR/c
     * Kodak DCS Pro SLR/n
     * Kodak P850
     * Kodak P880
     * Kodak KAI-0340
     * Konica KD-400Z
     * Konica KD-510Z
     * Leaf Aptus 17
     * Leaf Aptus 22
     * Leaf Aptus 65
     * Leaf Aptus 75
     * Leaf Cantare
     * Leaf CatchLight
     * Leaf CMost
     * Leaf DCB2
     * Leaf Valeo 6
     * Leaf Valeo 11
     * Leaf Valeo 17
     * Leaf Valeo 22
     * Leaf Volare
     * Leica Digilux 2
     * Leica Digilux 3
     * Leica D-LUX2
     * Leica D-LUX3
     * Leica V-LUX1
     * Logitech Fotoman Pixtura
     * Mamiya ZD
     * Micron 2010
     * Minolta RD175
     * Minolta DiMAGE 5
     * Minolta DiMAGE 7
     * Minolta DiMAGE 7i
     * Minolta DiMAGE 7Hi
     * Minolta DiMAGE A1
     * Minolta DiMAGE A2
     * Minolta DiMAGE A200
     * Minolta DiMAGE G400
     * Minolta DiMAGE G500
     * Minolta DiMAGE G530
     * Minolta DiMAGE G600
     * Minolta DiMAGE Z2
     * Minolta Alpha/Dynax/Maxxum 5D
     * Minolta Alpha/Dynax/Maxxum 7D
     * Nikon D1
     * Nikon D1H
     * Nikon D1X
     * Nikon D2H
     * Nikon D2Hs
     * Nikon D2X
     * Nikon D40
     * Nikon D50
     * Nikon D70
     * Nikon D70s
     * Nikon D80
     * Nikon D100
     * Nikon D200
     * Nikon E700 ("DIAG RAW" hack)
     * Nikon E800 ("DIAG RAW" hack)
     * Nikon E880 ("DIAG RAW" hack)
     * Nikon E900 ("DIAG RAW" hack)
     * Nikon E950 ("DIAG RAW" hack)
     * Nikon E990 ("DIAG RAW" hack)
     * Nikon E995 ("DIAG RAW" hack)
     * Nikon E2100 ("DIAG RAW" hack)
     * Nikon E2500 ("DIAG RAW" hack)
     * Nikon E3200 ("DIAG RAW" hack)
     * Nikon E3700 ("DIAG RAW" hack)
     * Nikon E4300 ("DIAG RAW" hack)
     * Nikon E4500 ("DIAG RAW" hack)
     * Nikon E5000
     * Nikon E5400
     * Nikon E5700
     * Nikon E8400
     * Nikon E8700
     * Nikon E8800
     * Olympus C3030Z
     * Olympus C5050Z
     * Olympus C5060WZ
     * Olympus C7070WZ
     * Olympus C70Z,C7000Z
     * Olympus C740UZ
     * Olympus C770UZ
     * Olympus C8080WZ
     * Olympus E-1
     * Olympus E-10
     * Olympus E-20
     * Olympus E-300
     * Olympus E-330
     * Olympus E-400
     * Olympus E-410
     * Olympus E-500
     * Olympus SP310
     * Olympus SP320
     * Olympus SP350
     * Olympus SP500UZ
     * Olympus SP510UZ
     * Olympus SP550UZ
     * Panasonic DMC-FZ8
     * Panasonic DMC-FZ30
     * Panasonic DMC-FZ50
     * Panasonic DMC-L1
     * Panasonic DMC-LC1
     * Panasonic DMC-LX1
     * Panasonic DMC-LX2
     * Pentax *ist D
     * Pentax *ist DL
     * Pentax *ist DL2
     * Pentax *ist DS
     * Pentax *ist DS2
     * Pentax K10D
     * Pentax K100D
     * Pentax Optio S
     * Pentax Optio S4
     * Pentax Optio 33WR
     * Pentax Optio 750Z
     * Phase One LightPhase
     * Phase One H 10
     * Phase One H 20
     * Phase One H 25
     * Phase One P 20
     * Phase One P 25
     * Phase One P 30
     * Phase One P 45
     * Pixelink A782
     * Polaroid x530
     * Rollei d530flex
     * RoverShot 3320af
     * Samsung GX-1S
     * Samsung GX-10
     * Sarnoff 4096x5440
     * Sigma SD9
     * Sigma SD10
     * Sigma SD14
     * Sinar 3072x2048
     * Sinar 4080x4080
     * Sinar 4080x5440
     * Sinar STI format
     * SMaL Ultra-Pocket 3
     * SMaL Ultra-Pocket 4
     * SMaL Ultra-Pocket 5
     * Sony DSC-F828
     * Sony DSC-R1
     * Sony DSC-V3
     * Sony DSLR-A100
     * Sony XCD-SX910CR
     * STV680 VGA
     __________________________________________________________________

References

   1. http://www.cybercom.net/~dcoffin/
   2. http://www.cybercom.net/~dcoffin/dcraw/index_eo.html
   3. http://gphoto.sourceforge.net/
   4. http://www.cybercom.net/~dcoffin/dcraw/dcraw.c
   5. http://www.insflug.org/raw/
   6. http://www.aim-dtp.net/aim/digicam/dcraw/
   7. http://www.cybercom.net/~dcoffin/resume.html
   8. http://www.outbackphoto.com/artofraw/raw_07/essay.html
   9. http://news.com.com/Nikons+photo+encryption+reported+broken/2100-1030_3-5679848.html
  10. http://www.dpreview.com/news/0504/05042701davecoffininterview.asp
  11. http://www.schnebeck.de/interview-with-dave-coffin-creator-of-dcraw
  12. http://www.ladinamo.org/english/raw-format-the-captive-photo.php
  13. http://www.cybercom.net/~dcoffin/dcraw/dcraw.c
  14. http://www.cybercom.net/~dcoffin/dcraw/dcraw.1.html
  15. http://www.cybercom.net/~dcoffin/dcraw/rawphoto.c
  16. http://ufraw.sourceforge.net/
  17. http://pages.quicksilver.net.nz/pepe/
  18. http://www.cybercom.net/~dcoffin/dcraw/.badpixels
  19. http://www.cybercom.net/~dcoffin/dcraw/RCS/dcraw.c,v
  20. http://www.cs.purdue.edu/homes/trinkle/RCS/
  21. http://www.cybercom.net/~dcoffin/dcraw/parse.c
  22. http://www.cybercom.net/~dcoffin/dcraw/clean_crw.c
  23. http://www.cybercom.net/~dcoffin/dcraw/fujiturn.c
  24. http://www.cybercom.net/~dcoffin/dcraw/fuji_green.c
  25. http://www.cybercom.net/~dcoffin/dcraw/decompress.c
  26. http://www.cybercom.net/~dcoffin/dcraw/sony_clear.c
  27. http://www.cybercom.net/~dcoffin/dcraw/archive/
  28. http://www.cybercom.net/~dcoffin/dcraw/dcraw.1
  29. http://www.cybercom.net/~dcoffin/dcraw/dcraw_eo.po
  30. http://www.acdsystems.com/
  31. http://www.adobe.com/products/photoshop/cameraraw.html
  32. http://www.br-software.com/
  33. http://www.breezesys.com/
  34. http://www.conceiva.com/
  35. http://cpicture.net/en/t_raw.html
  36. http://www.canto.com/
  37. http://frostyplace.com/dcraw/
  38. http://www.tanis.dk/wiki/index.php/DCRawUI
  39. http://www.pretentiousname.com/jp2raw/
  40. http://deepskystacker.free.fr/
  41. http://www.dpmagic.com/
  42. http://www.easyraw.com/
  43. http://www.lemkesoft.com/
  44. http://jcoconsulting.com/index.asp?Section=GVOCX
  45. http://www.aragonsystem.com/
  46. http://www.irfanview.com/
  47. http://www.astrosurf.com/buil/us/iris/iris.htm
  48. http://www.kaorg.com/photoservice.asp
  49. http://www.lightboxsoftware.com/
  50. http://sonic.net/~rat/lightcrafts/
  51. http://www.mixpo.com/
  52. http://www.wildcape.com/
  53. http://photojockey.com/
  54. http://smatters.com/dcraw/
  55. http://www.k-i-s.net/
  56. http://www.sticksoftware.com/software/PhotoReviewer.html
  57. http://www.photovault.org/
  58. http://www.picasa.com/
  59. http://www.picturearena.com/
  60. http://pleiades-astrophoto.com/
  61. http://www.pixpo.com/
  62. http://www.polybytes.com/
  63. http://lens.liteserv.com/download/powershovel2.php
  64. http://www.iridientdigital.com/
  65. http://www.rawmagick.com/
  66. http://www.i-graph.com/
  67. http://www.wizards.de/rawdrop
  68. http://www.pixmantec.com/
  69. http://www.through-the-lens.net/
  70. http://www.serif.com/
  71. http://www.logicaldesigns.com/
  72. http://www.silverfast.com/
  73. http://www.studioline.net/
  74. http://www.hexcat.com/viewit/
  75. http://www.dimin.net/software/viewer/
  76. http://www.hamrick.com/
  77. http://www.insflug.org/raw/
  78. http://www.lebsanft.org/blog/index.php?cat=9
  79. http://www.delorie.com/djgpp/
  80. http://www.trnicely.net/misc/vista.html
  81. http://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/
  82. http://www.cybercom.net/~dcoffin/dcraw/scan.c
  83. http://www.cybercom.net/~dcoffin/dcraw/read_ndf.c
  84. http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/PDFS/TN/TIFF6.pdf
  85. http://www.map.tu.chiba-u.ac.jp/IEC/100/TA2/recdoc/N4378.pdf
  86. http://www.adobe.com/products/dng/pdfs/dng_spec.pdf
  87. http://xyrion.org/ciff/
  88. http://www.x3f.info/technotes/FileDocs/X3F_Format.pdf
  89. http://raw.fotosite.pl/
  90. http://dl.maptools.org/dl/libtiff/tiff-3.8.2.tar.gz
  91. http://www.cybercom.net/~dcoffin/dcraw/libtiff.patch
  92. http://www.cybercom.net/~dcoffin/dcraw/elphel_dng.c
  93. http://www.adobe.com/products/dng/main.html
  94. http://www.adobe.com/products/photoshop/main.html
  95. http://cinepaint.sourceforge.net/
  96. http://www.cybercom.net/~dcoffin/dcraw/ahd_maze.png
  97. http://www.cybercom.net/~dcoffin/dcraw/vng_grid.png
  98. http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/
  99. http://www.imagemagick.org/
 100. http://www.faqs.org/docs/artu/multiprogramchapter.html
 101. http://www.dpreview.com/news/0202/02021101foveonx3.asp
 102. http://digicanon.narod.ru/
 103. http://e2500.narod.ru/raw_format_e.htm
 104. http://www.inweb.ch/foto/rawformat.html
 105. http://forums.dpreview.com/forums/read.asp?forum=1015&message=4961779
 106. http://myfototest.narod.ru/
 107. http://forums.dpreview.com/forums/read.asp?forum=1024&message=11773287
 108. http://tester13.nm.ru/nikon/
 109. http://www.camerahacking.com/
 110. http://dropload.com/
 111. http://yousendit.com/
 112. http://www.planet-interkom.de/oliver.hartmann/dc20secr.htm
 113. http://www.itojun.org/diary/19961113/index.eng.html
 114. http://kdc2tiff.sourceforge.net/