978b9849d4
Update to v2.11.0. Additional changes related to SLE-15. OBS-URL: https://build.opensuse.org/request/show/556837 OBS-URL: https://build.opensuse.org/package/show/Virtualization/qemu?expand=0&rev=378
666 lines
21 KiB
Plaintext
666 lines
21 KiB
Plaintext
[qemu-ppc package document]
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SLES 15 QEMU/KVM RELATED SUPPORT STATEMENTS
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Overview
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--------
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The QEMU based packages included with SLES 15 provide a large variety of
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features, from the very latest customer requests to features of questionable
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quality or value. The linux kernel includes components which contribute KVM
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virtualization features as well. This document was created to assist the user
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in deciding which features can be relied upon to build enterprise class
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virtualization solutions. KVM based virtualization for x86 (Intel 64/AMD64),
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for IBM System z (s390x), for Power8 Systems (ppc64le) and for the ARM64
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architecture (AArch64) are offered at the L3 (full support) level. The bulk
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of this document deals with L3 supported features and is primarily Power8
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centric. This document should be considered a companion to the standard
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virtualization documentation delivered with the product.
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KVM is implemented in linux kernel modules which enable the linux kernel to
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function as an integral part of the KVM hypervisor. The hypervisor-guest
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interaction is managed by QEMU through the /dev/kvm ioctl interface. The linux
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host assists in the virtualization of storage, networking and display
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resources as well as allowing direct hardware passthrough of PCI and USB
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devices. Linux memory and cpu management features are used by QEMU/KVM to
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enable guests to share those host resources as efficiently as possible.
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The kvm_hv kernel module is required. The kvm_pr kernel module is unsupported.
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QEMU is a primary component of KVM based virtualization. The QEMU emulator
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binary qemu-system-ppc64 is the program to use to access KVM virtualization.
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When using this program, the -machine option accel=kvm (or its alias
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-enable-kvm) must be specified for KVM acceleration to be used by the guest.
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Libvirt is the preferred means of accessing QEMU/KVM functionality and is
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documented elsewhere. This document focuses on the features and direct usage
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of QEMU/KVM as provided by the QEMU based packages.
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Major QEMU/KVM Supported Features
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---------------------------------
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- KVM virtualization is accomplished by using the QEMU program in KVM
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acceleration mode. KVM acceleration requires that both guest and host have
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the same fundamental architecture.
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- Guest images created under previous QEMU versions are supported by machine
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version compatibilities built into more recent QEMU versions.
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- For ease of use, the QEMU program has defaults which represent traditional
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usage patterns.
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- Guest virtual machine characteristics are specified by a combination of
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internal defaults, options provided on the QEMU program command-line, runtime
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configurations set via the monitor interfaces and optional config files. The
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runtime control of a VM is effected either through the Human Monitor
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"Protocol" (HMP), or the JSON based programmatical QEMU Monitor Protocol (QMP)
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interface. For QMP details, see qemu-qmp-ref man page.
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Since a KVM guest runs in the context of a normal linux process, some types
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of execution controls are managed with linux tools.
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- QEMU uses SLOF (Slimline Open Firmware) for booting ppc guests, which allow
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boot options common to physical systems.Various VGABIOS ROMs, from the SEABIOS
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project, are also available.
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- Some QEMU messages have been localized to various languages. This is provided
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by the optional qemu-lang package. Keyboard mappings for various nationalities
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is also provided.
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- Virtual machine lifecycle controls include startup through firmware or kernel
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boot, firmware based shutdown, execution pausing, the saving and restoring of
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machine state or disk state, VM migration to another host, and miscellaneous
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controls available through the "monitors" mentioned above.
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- Guest execution state may be "moved" in both time (save/restore) and space
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(static and live migration). These migrations or save/restore operations can
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take place either from certain prior SLES versioned hosts to a SLES 12 SP3
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or between hosts of the same version. Certain other restrictions also apply.
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- Security considerations include privileged helpers and a security model which
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allows running guests as a non-root user.
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- QEMU provides best effort reuse of existing disk images, including those with
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systems installed, through geometry probing. Also disk images produced by
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other popular virtualization technologies may be imported into QEMU supported
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storage formats. These QEMU formats include features which exploit the
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benefits of virtualization.
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- Memory, cpu and disk space overcommit are possible and can be beneficial when
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done responsibly. Additional management of these resources comes in the form
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of memory ballooning or hotplug, host KSM, vcpu hot-add, online disk resizing,
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trim, discard and hole punching.
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- Guest performance is enhanced through the use of virtio devices, various disk
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caching modes, network acceleration via the vhost-net kernel module, multi-
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queue network transmit capabilities, host transparent huge pages (THP) and
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direct hugetlb usage. Physical PCI and USB devices may also be passed through
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to the guest, including SR-IOV VF's.
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- The guest UI is accessable via GTK, VNC, and serial (including curses TUI)
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interfaces.
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- Guest timekeeping is supported in a variety of ways, including a paravirtual
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clocksource, and options for the various guest clocks for how to handle the
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timeslicing of the guest's execution on the host.
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- In addition to the para-virtualized devices already mentioned, other devices
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and infrastructure designed to avoid virtualization "problem areas" are
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available such as SPICE graphics, vmmouse emulation, tablet style pointer
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interfaces and virtio based UI interfaces.
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- A built-in user-mode network (SLIRP) stack is available.
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- Portions of the host file system may be shared with a guest by using virtFS.
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- A guest "agent" is available for SLES 12 KVM guests via the qemu-guest-agent
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package. This allows some introspection and control of the guest OS
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environment from the host.
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QEMU/KVM Technology Previews
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----------------------------
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- Specifying and placing PCI devices on a PCI bridge allows for a greater number
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of devices.
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- All features indicated as not being supported in this document fall under the
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Technology Preview definition contained in the main product's release notes.
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Noteworthy QEMU/KVM Unsupported Features
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----------------------------------------
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- Note that some features are unsupported simply due to lack of validation. If
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an existing feature is desired, but not marked supported, let SUSE know about
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your requirements.
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- The TCG "acceleration" mode may be helpful for problem isolation, but
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otherwise presents insufficient benefit and stability.
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- GlusterFS integration is not enabled.
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Deprecated, Superseded, Modified and Dropped Features
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-----------------------------------------------------
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- http://wiki.qemu-project.org/Features/LegacyRemoval
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This website tracks feature deprecation and removal at the upstream
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development level. Our qemu package inherits this community direction, but be
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aware that we can and will deviate as needed. Those deviations and additional
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information can be found in this section.
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- The use of "?" as a parameter to "-cpu", "-soundhw", "-device", "-M",
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"-machine", "-d", and "-clock" is now considered deprecated. Use "help"
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instead.
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- The use of "if=scsi" as a parameter to "-drive" does not work anymore with PC
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machine types, as it created an obsolete SCSI controller model.
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- Use of aio=native without direct cache mode also being specified (cache=none,
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cache=directsync, or cache.direct=on) is no longer allowed.
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- The use of image encryption in qcow and qcow2 formats is now considered
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deprecated.
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Analysis has shown it to be weak encryption, in addition to suffering from
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poor design. Images can easily be converted to a non-encrypted format.
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- Use of acpi, boot-opts, and smp-opts in a -readconfig config file are now
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considered deprecated. In the future those names will be standardized to
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acpitable, boot, and smp respectively.
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- These previously supported command line options are now considered deprecated:
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-device ivshmem (use ivshmem-doorbell or ivshmem-plain instead)
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-nodefconfig (use -no-user-config instead)
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- These previously supported command line options are no longer supported:
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<previously mentioned items have been moved to another category>
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- These previously supported command line options are no longer recognized:
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-device pc-sysfw (no longer needed)
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-device pci-assign, -device kvm-pci-assign (use -device vfio-pci instead)
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-display sdl
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-sdl
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- Specifying a cpu feature with both "+feature/-feature" and "feature=on/off"
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will now cause a warning. The current behavior for this combination where
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"+feature/-feature" wins over "feature=on/off", will be changed going forward
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so that "+feature" and "-feature" will be synonyms for "feature=on" and
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"feature=off" respectively.
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- The previously supported blkdev-add QMP command has been flagged as lacking
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and could possibly change syntax in the future.
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- Due to upstream's decision to no longer fully support the qed storage format
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going forward (since it really provides no benefit over qcow2 and is now no
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longer actively maintained upstream), creating qed storage images is no longer
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supported and it is highly discouraged to continue using existing qed images.
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They should instead be converted to another supported format.
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QEMU Command-Line and Monitor Syntax and Support
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------------------------------------------------
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- The QEMU program command-line syntax is as follows:
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qemu-system-ppc64 [options]
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Where 'options' are taken from the options listed below.
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The images used with -drive or -cdrom, may be in the raw (no format) or qcow2
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storage formats, and may be located in files within the host filesystem,
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logical volumes, host physical disks, or network based storage. Read only
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media may also be accessed via URL style protocol specifiers.
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Note that as a general rule, as new command line options are added which serve
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to replace an older option or interface, you are strongly encouraged to adapt
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your usage to the new option. The new option is being introduced to provide
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better functionality and usability going forward. In some cases existing
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problems or even bugs in older interfaces cannot be fixed due to functional
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expectations, but are resolved in the newer interface or option.
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- The following command line options are supported:
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-accel ...
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-add-fd ...
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-alt-grab
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-append ...
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-audio-help
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-balloon ...
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-bios ...
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-blockdev ...
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-boot ...
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-cdrom ...
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-chardev ..
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-clock ...
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-cpu host
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-ctrl-grab
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-d ...
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-daemonize
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-debugcon ...
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-device [VGA|rtl8139|virtio-net-pci|virtio-blk-pci|virtio-balloon-pci|
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virtio-9p-pci|usb-hub|usb-ehci|usb-tablet|usb-storage|usb-mouse|
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usb-kbd|virtserialport|virtconsole|virtio-serial-pci|i82559er|
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virtio-scsi-pci|scsi-cd|scsi-hd|scsi-generic|scsi-disk|scsi-block|
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pci-serial|pci-serial-2x|pci-serial-4x|ich9-ahci|usb-host|usb-serial|
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usb-wacom-tablet|usb-braille|usb-net|pci-ohci|virtio-rng-pci|i6300esb|
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qxl|qxl-vga|pvpanic|vfio-pci|ivshmem|ivshmem-doorbell|ivshmem-plain|
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pci-bridge|megasas-gen2|e1000e|e1000]
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(the following are aliases of these supported devices: ahci|
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virtio-blk|virtio-net|virtio-serial|virtio-balloon| virtio-9p|
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virtio-scsi|virtio-rng|e1000-82540em)
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-dfilter range, ...
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-display ...
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-drive ... (if specified if=[virtio] and format=[qcow2|raw] and
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snapshot=off only)
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-echr ...
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-enable-fips
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-enable-kvm
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-fsdev ...
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-full-screen
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-fw_cfg ...
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-gdb ...
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-global ...
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-h
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-help
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-incoming ...
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-initrd ...
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-iscsi ...
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-k ...
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-kernel ...
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-loadvm ...
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-m ...
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-M [help|?|none|pseries|pseries-2.11]
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-machine [help|?|none|pseries|pseries-2.11]
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-mem-path ...
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-mem-prealloc
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-mon ...
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-monitor ...
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-msg ...
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-name ...
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-net [bridge|l2tpv3|nic|none|tap|user] ... (for model= only e1000, rtl8139,
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and virtio are supported)
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-netdev [bridge|tap|user] ...
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-nodefaults
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-nodefconfig
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-no-frame
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-nographic
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-no-quit
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-no-reboot
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-no-shutdown
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-no-user-config
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-object ...
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-only-migratable
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-parallel ...
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-pidfile ...
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-qmp ...
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-qmp-pretty ...
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-readconfig ...
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-realtime ...
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-rtc ...
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-runas ...
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-s
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-S
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-sandbox ...
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-serial ...
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-show-cursor
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-smbios ...
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-smp ...
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-tpmdev passthrough ...
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-trace ...
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-usb
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-usbdevice [braile|disk|host|mouse|net|serial|tablet]
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-uuid ..
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-version
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-vga [none|qxl|std|virtio]
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-virtfs ...
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-virtioconsole ...
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-vnc ...
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-watchdog ...
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-watchdog-action ...
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-writeconfig ...
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- The following monitor commands are supported:
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?
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balloon ...
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block_resize ...
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boot_set ...
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c
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change ...
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chardev-add ...
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chardev-remove ...
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client_migrate_info ...
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closefd ...
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cont
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cpu ...
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cpu-add ...
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delvm ...
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device_add ...
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device_del ...
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drive_add ...
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drive_backup ...
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drive_del ...
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dump_guest_memory ...
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eject ...
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gdbserver ...
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help
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i ...
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info ...
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loadvm ...
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logfile ...
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logitem ...
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mce ...
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memsave ...
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migrate ...
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migrate_cancel
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migrate_continue ...
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migrate_incoming
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migrate_set_cache_size ...
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migrate_set_capability ...
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migrate_set_downtime ...
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migrate_set_parameter ...
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migrate_set_speed ...
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migrate_start_post_copy
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mouse_button ...
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mouse_move ...
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mouse_set ...
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nmi ...
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o ...
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object_add ...
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object_del ...
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p ...
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pci_add ...
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pci_del...
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pmemsave ...
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print ...
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q
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qemu-io ...
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qom-list
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qom-set
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ringbuf_read ...
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ringbuf_write ...
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savevm ...
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screendump ...
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sendkey ...
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snapshot_blkdev_internal ...
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snapshot_delete_blkdev_internal ...
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stop
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sum ...
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system_powerdown
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system_reset
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system_wakeup
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trace-event ...
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usb_add ...
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usb_del ...
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watchdog_action ...
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x ...
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xp ...
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- The following QMP commands are supported:
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add_client
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add-fd
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balloon
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blockdev-add
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blockdev-backup
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blockdev-change-medium
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blockdev-close-tray
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blockdev-del
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blockdev-mirror
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blockdev-open-tray
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blockdev-snapshot
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blockdev-snapshot-delete-internal-sync
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blockdev-snapshot-internal-sync
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blockdev-snapshot-sync
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block-commit
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block-dirty-bitmap-add
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block-dirty-bitmap-clear
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block-dirty-bitmap-remove
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block_passwd
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block_resize
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block_set_io_throttle
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block-set-write-threshold
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block_stream
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change
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change-vnc-password
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chardev-add
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chardev-remove
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client_migrate_info
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closefd
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cont
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cpu
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cpu-add
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device_add
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device_del
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device-list-properties
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dump-guest-memory
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eject
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expire_password
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getfd
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human-monitor-command
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inject-nmi
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input-send-event
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memsave
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migrate
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migrate_cancel
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migrate-continue
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migrate-incoming
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migrate-set-cache-size
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migrate-set-capabilities
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migrate_set_downtime
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migrate_set_speed
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migrate-set-parameters
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migrate-start-postcopy
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object-add
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object-del
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pmemsave
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qmp_capabilities
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qom-get
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qom-list
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qom-list-types
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qom-set
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query-acpi-ospm-status
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query-balloon
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query-block
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query-block-jobs
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query-blockstats
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query-chardev
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query-chardev-backends
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query-command-line-options
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query-commands
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query-cpu-definitions
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query-cpu-model-baseline
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query-cpu-model-comparison
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query-cpu-model-expansion
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query-cpus
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query-dump
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query-dump-guest-memory-capability
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query-events
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query-fdsets
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query-gic-capabilities
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query-hotpluggable-cpus
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query-iothreads
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query-kvm
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query-machines
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query-memdev
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query-memory-devices
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query-memory-size-summary
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query-mice
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query-migrate
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query-migrate-cache-size
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query-migrate-capabilities
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query-migrate-parameters
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query-name
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query-named-block-nodes
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query-pci
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query-qmp-schema
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query-rocker
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query-rocker-of-dpa-flows
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query-rocker-of-dpa-groups
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query-rocker-ports
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query-rx-filter
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query-spice
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query-status
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query-target
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query-tpm
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query-tpm-models
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query-tpm-types
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query-uuid
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query-version
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query-vnc
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query-vnc-servers
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query-xen-replication-status
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quit
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remove-fd
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ringbuf-read
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ringbuf-write
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rtc-reset-reinjection
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screendump
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send-key
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set_link
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set_password
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stop
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system_powerdown
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system_reset
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system_wakeup
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trace-event-get-state
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trace-event-set-state
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transaction
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watchdog-set-action
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- The following command line options are unsupported:
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-acpitable ...
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-bt ...
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-chroot ...
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-cpu ... (all except host)
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|
-curses
|
|
-device [adb-keyboard| adb-mouse|adlib|amd-iommu|AMDVI-PCI|ccid-card-emulated|
|
|
ccid-card-passthrough|cfi.pflash02|cirrus-vga|cmd646-ide|cs4231a|
|
|
dec-21154-p2p-bridge|dec-21154-sysbus|e1000 e500-ccsr|e500-pcihost|
|
|
e500-spin|escc|esp|eTSEC|floppy|generic-sdhci|gus|grackle-pcihost|
|
|
host-spapr-cpu-core|hyperv-testdev|i8042|i82374|i82378|ib700|icp|
|
|
icp-kvm|ics|icskvm|igd-passthrough-isa-bridge|intel_iommu|
|
|
ipmi-bmc-extern|ipmi-bmc-sim|isa-applesmc|isa-cirrus-vga|isa-debugcon|
|
|
isa-debug-exit|isa-fdc|isa-ide|isa-ipmi-bt|isa-ipmi-kcs|isa-m48t59|
|
|
isa-parallel|isa-vga|isabus-bridge|kvm-openpic|loader|lsi53c810a|
|
|
macio-ide|macio-newworld|macio-nvram|macio-oldworld|mpc8544-guts|
|
|
mpc8xxx_gpio|ne2k_isa|nvdimm|openpic|pc-dimm|pc-testdev|pc87312|
|
|
piix3-ide|piix3-ide|piix3-ide-xen|piix3-usb-uhci|platform-bus-device|
|
|
pnv-lpc|powernv-chip-POWER8|powernv-chip-POWER8E|
|
|
powernv-chip-POWER8NVL|powernv-chip-POWER9|powernv-cpu-core-POWER8|
|
|
powernv-cpu-core-POWER8E|powernv-cpu-core-POWER8NVL|
|
|
powernv-cpu-core-POWER9|ppc4xx-pcihost|prep-systemio|raven-pcihost|
|
|
rs6000-mc|sb16|sdhci-pci|sga spapr-nvram|spapr-pci-host-bridge|
|
|
spapr-pci-vfio-host-bridge|spapr-rng|spapr-rtc|spapr-tce-table|
|
|
spapr-vio-bridge|spapr-vlan|spapr-vscsi|spapr-vty|sysbus-m48t02|
|
|
sysbus-m48t08|sysbus-m48t59|u3-agp-pcihost|uni-north-agp-pcihost|
|
|
uni-north-internal-pci-pcihost|uni-north-pci|uni-north-pci-pcihost|
|
|
unimplemented-device|usb-redir|vfio-pci-igd-lpc-bridge|
|
|
vhost-vsock-device|vhost-vsock-pci|virtconsole|virtio-crypto-device|
|
|
virtio-crypto-pci|virtio-mmio|virtio-vga|vmgenid|vmware-svga|
|
|
xen-backend|xen-pci-passthrough|xen-platform|xen-pvdevice|xen-sysdev|
|
|
xlnx.xps-ethernetlite|xlnx.xps-intc|xlnx.xps-timer|xlnx.xps-uartlite|
|
|
*-i386-cpu|*-powerpc64-cpu|*-spapr-cpu-core|*-x86_64-cpu|vmcoreinfo]
|
|
(the following are aliases of these unsupported devices: lsi|
|
|
virtio-input-host|virtio-keyboard|virtio-mouse|virtio-tablet|
|
|
virtio-gpu|piix-usb-uhci|mac-dbdma|ppc4xx-i2c)
|
|
(note that some of these device names represent supported devices and
|
|
are used internally, but are not specifyable via -device even though
|
|
they appear in the list of devices)
|
|
-drive ,if=[scsi|mtd|pflash], snapshot=on, format=[anything besides qcow2 or
|
|
raw]
|
|
-dtb file
|
|
-enable-hax
|
|
-fda/-fdb ...
|
|
-g ...
|
|
-hda/-hdb/-hdc/-hdd ...
|
|
-icount ...
|
|
-L ...
|
|
-M [40p|bamboo|g3beige|mac99|mpc8544ds|powernv|ppce500|prep|pseries-2.1|
|
|
pseries-2.2|pseries-2.3|pseries-2.4|pseries-2.5|pseries-2.6|pseries-2.7|
|
|
pseries-2.8|pseries-2.9|pseries-2.10|ref405ep|taihu|virtex-ml507]
|
|
-machine [40p|bamboo|g3beige|mac99|mpc8544ds|powernv|ppce500|prep|pseries-2.1|
|
|
pseries-2.2|pseries-2.3|pseries-2.4|pseries-2.5|pseries-2.6|
|
|
pseries-2.7|pseries-2.8|pseries-2.10|ref405ep|taihu|virtex-ml507]
|
|
-mtdblock file
|
|
-net [dump|socket|vde] ...
|
|
-netdev [dump|hubport|l2tpv3|socket|vde] ...
|
|
-no-acpi
|
|
-no-fd-bootchk
|
|
-no-hpet
|
|
-no-kvm
|
|
-no-kvm-irqchip
|
|
-no-kvm-pit
|
|
-no-kvm-pit-reinjection
|
|
-numa ...
|
|
-option-rom ...
|
|
-pflash file
|
|
-portrait
|
|
-prom-env ...
|
|
-qtest ...
|
|
-qtest-log ...
|
|
-rotate
|
|
-sd file
|
|
-sdl
|
|
-set ...
|
|
-singlestep
|
|
-snapshot
|
|
-soundhw ...
|
|
-spice
|
|
-tb-size ...
|
|
-tdf
|
|
-tpmdev emulator ...
|
|
-vga [cg3|tcx|virtio|cirrus|xenfb]
|
|
-win2k-hack
|
|
-xen-attach ...
|
|
-xen-create
|
|
-xen-domid ...
|
|
|
|
- The following monitor commands are unsupported:
|
|
acl_add ...
|
|
acl_policy ...
|
|
acl_remove ...
|
|
acl_reset ...
|
|
acl_show ...
|
|
block_job_cancel ...
|
|
block_job_complete ...
|
|
block_job_pause ...
|
|
block_job_resume ...
|
|
block_job_set_speed ...
|
|
block_passwd ...
|
|
commit ...
|
|
drive_mirror ...
|
|
expire_password ...
|
|
hostfwd_add ...
|
|
hostfwd_remove ...
|
|
host_net_add ...
|
|
host_net_remove ...
|
|
nbd_server_add ...
|
|
nbd server_start ...
|
|
nbd_server_stop ...
|
|
netdev_add
|
|
netdev_del ...
|
|
pcie_aer_inject_error ...
|
|
set_link ...
|
|
set_password ...
|
|
singlestep ...
|
|
snapshot_blkdev ...
|
|
stopcapture ...
|
|
wavcapture ...
|
|
x_colo_lost_heartbeat
|
|
|
|
- The following QMP commands are unsupported:
|
|
block-job-cancel
|
|
block-job-complete
|
|
block-job-pause
|
|
block-job-resume
|
|
block-job-set-speed
|
|
change-backing-file
|
|
drive-backup
|
|
drive-mirror
|
|
dump-skeys
|
|
netdev_add
|
|
netdev_del
|
|
nbd-server-add
|
|
nbd-server-start
|
|
nbd-server-stop
|
|
x-blockdev-change
|
|
x-blockdev-insert-medium
|
|
x-blockdev-remove-medium
|
|
x-colo-lost-heartbeat
|
|
xen-colo-do-checkpoint
|
|
xen-load-devices-state
|
|
xen-save-devices-state
|
|
xen-set-global-dirty-log
|
|
xen-set-replication
|