COnfiguration and use of NUT in SuSE

NUT in openSUSE comes in several packages:

- nut - The core package. It features UPS monitoring and network UPS
  management.

and two additional packages:

- nut-drivers-net - two additional drivers for network communication of
  UPS daemons. You will need for advanced configuration (e. g. if you
  want to manage shutdown of more computers sharing the same UPS).

- nut-cgi provides support for monitoring UPS web pages using apache web
  browser. Predefined address is http://localhost/nut/index.html

nut Configuration

NUT is pre-configured to use a local or remote UPS as far as possible.
But it still requires a minimal manual configuration before the first
use.

This document contains:
- How to configure local or remote UPS (mandatory reading).
- How to configure to suspend to disk (optional reading).
- What to do in environment with possible service timeouts (optional
  reading).


The default setup uses one local UPS. You have to define UPS type in
file /etc/ups/ups.conf.


It requires only few adoptions before you can start the service:


 * Configuration of a locally connected UPS:

   In /etc/ups/ups.conf:
	- Go to the [myups] section at the end of the file.
	- Set driver key to the driver name supporting your UPS.
	  (see /usr/lib/ups/driver/ for possible drivers. Each driver
	  has a man page. Many USB UPSes are usbhid-ups.)
	- Set port key to the device your UPS is connected to,
	  e.g. /dev/ttyS0 for first serial port (COM1) or
	  /dev/usb/hiddev0
	  for USB HID UPS.
	- Adjust desc key as you want.

   Start the service:
	- "/etc/init.d/upsd start"


 * Configuration of a UPS connected to a remote machine:

   In /etc/ups/ups.conf:
	- Comment out or remove the [myups] section at the end of the
	  file.

   In /etc/ups/upsmon.conf:
	- Find the uncommented MONITOR line followed by
	  "myups@localhost" and change it to:
MONITOR myups@remote_machine 1 upsslave remote_password slave
	  Where:
	  remote_machine is a hostname of the remote machine.
	  remote_password is the password used for upsslave on the
	    remote machine (you can find it in the remote file
	    /etc/ups/upsd.users).

   In /etc/ups/hosts.conf:
	- Find the uncommented MONITOR line followed by
	  "myups@localhost".
	- Change the hostname from "localhost" to the hostname of
	  the remote machine.
	- Change the description as you want.

   In the remote /etc/ups/upsd.conf:
	- Add a rule for the remote clients relevant to your network or
	  your needs. Standard local networks are:
	  10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12 and 192.168.0.0/16
ACL my_network 192.168.0.0/16
ACCEPT my_network

   In the remote /etc/ups/upsd.users:
	- Find the line allowfrom for upsslave user.
	- Add your local machine name to the allowfrom list.

   In the remote SuSE firewall:
	- Enable nut (Network UPS Tools) service (port 3493), e. g. by
	  "YaST2 firewall".

   Start the service:
	- "/etc/init.d/upsd start" on both local and remote machines.
	- If you have edited configuration of a running server, run
	"/etc/init.d/upsd reload"


 * Test the configuration using upsc or upslog:

	- "upsc myups@localhost"
	  Should display information about the UPS status.

	- "upslog -s myups@localhost -l -"
	  Should display UPS status log every 30 seconds.
	  (Press Ctrl-C keys to stop upslog).

Notes:

- Predefined user upsmaster

  There are two predefined users - upsmaster and upsslave. The passwords
  for them are generated during the installation (see the "password"
  lines in /etc/ups/upsd.users).

  User upsmaster has privileges to shut down master machine (default for
  local UPS), upsslave has privileges to shut down slave machines.

  If you change it, or add another user, don't forget to adopt the
  MONITOR lines in upsmon.conf on all machines using this user and
  password combination to connect to the upsd.



Suspend to disk

If you want to configure nut to do suspend to disk instead of shutdown
you should:

- Verify, that suspend to disk works correctly with your desktop:
  sudo systemctl hibernate
  (You can lose your unsaved data, if your computer does not support
  suspend.)
- Change SHUTDOWNCMD in /etc/ups/upsmon.conf to:
SHUTDOWNCMD "/usr/bin/systemctl hibernate"
- Verify, that your UPS provides reasonable grace period to complete
  suspend in all situations.



Environment with possible service timeouts

In some environments, there is no guarantee, that the machine will
correctly shut down, either because other machines providing critical
services are already down or because some services (e. g. squid) are
stopping too long and battery power is not sufficient. In this case,
you can prefer incorrect but fast shutdown.

To fix this problem, you need to do:

- Copy upsd-early-powerdown script to your /etc/init.d/ directory.

- Edit following lines:

  Replace "FIXME scripts which should not stop before powerdown" by an
  appropriate init script list.

  Replace "FIXME scripts which should stop before powerdown" by an
  appropriate init script list.

- Start YaST Runlevel Editor and enable this meta-service in
  runlevels, where you want to apply early shutdown.