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Accepting request 483913 from home:bfrogers:branches:Virtualization

Fix an issue in the rc2 code worth worrying about for Beta1. Also get the support doc in better shape.

OBS-URL: https://build.opensuse.org/request/show/483913
OBS-URL: https://build.opensuse.org/package/show/Virtualization/qemu?expand=0&rev=332
This commit is contained in:
Bruce Rogers 2017-03-31 00:38:52 +00:00 committed by Git OBS Bridge
parent e9354b5825
commit 7d988c49f1
11 changed files with 429 additions and 133 deletions

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@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
From d6b04856c99c5c9f896e324214643566ba35ed9a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eduardo Habkost <ehabkost@redhat.com>
Date: Mon, 27 Mar 2017 11:48:14 -0300
Subject: [PATCH] i386: Replace uint32_t* with FeatureWord on feature
getter/setter
Instead of passing a pointer to the feature property getter and
setter functions, pass a FeatureWord enum so they can perform
other actions related to the feature flag.
This will be used to add a new "user_features" field to keep
track of features that were explicitly set by the user.
Signed-off-by: Eduardo Habkost <ehabkost@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20170327144815.8043-2-ehabkost@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Igor Mammedov <imammedo@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Jiri Denemark <jdenemar@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Eduardo Habkost <ehabkost@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Bruce Rogers <brogers@suse.com>
---
target/i386/cpu.c | 19 +++++++++++--------
1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)
diff --git a/target/i386/cpu.c b/target/i386/cpu.c
index 7aa7622..feefa5b 100644
--- a/target/i386/cpu.c
+++ b/target/i386/cpu.c
@@ -3692,15 +3692,17 @@ static void x86_cpu_unrealizefn(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
}
typedef struct BitProperty {
- uint32_t *ptr;
+ FeatureWord w;
uint32_t mask;
} BitProperty;
static void x86_cpu_get_bit_prop(Object *obj, Visitor *v, const char *name,
void *opaque, Error **errp)
{
+ X86CPU *cpu = X86_CPU(obj);
BitProperty *fp = opaque;
- bool value = (*fp->ptr & fp->mask) == fp->mask;
+ uint32_t f = cpu->env.features[fp->w];
+ bool value = (f & fp->mask) == fp->mask;
visit_type_bool(v, name, &value, errp);
}
@@ -3708,6 +3710,7 @@ static void x86_cpu_set_bit_prop(Object *obj, Visitor *v, const char *name,
void *opaque, Error **errp)
{
DeviceState *dev = DEVICE(obj);
+ X86CPU *cpu = X86_CPU(obj);
BitProperty *fp = opaque;
Error *local_err = NULL;
bool value;
@@ -3724,9 +3727,9 @@ static void x86_cpu_set_bit_prop(Object *obj, Visitor *v, const char *name,
}
if (value) {
- *fp->ptr |= fp->mask;
+ cpu->env.features[fp->w] |= fp->mask;
} else {
- *fp->ptr &= ~fp->mask;
+ cpu->env.features[fp->w] &= ~fp->mask;
}
}
@@ -3745,7 +3748,7 @@ static void x86_cpu_release_bit_prop(Object *obj, const char *name,
*/
static void x86_cpu_register_bit_prop(X86CPU *cpu,
const char *prop_name,
- uint32_t *field,
+ FeatureWord w,
int bitnr)
{
BitProperty *fp;
@@ -3755,11 +3758,11 @@ static void x86_cpu_register_bit_prop(X86CPU *cpu,
op = object_property_find(OBJECT(cpu), prop_name, NULL);
if (op) {
fp = op->opaque;
- assert(fp->ptr == field);
+ assert(fp->w == w);
fp->mask |= mask;
} else {
fp = g_new0(BitProperty, 1);
- fp->ptr = field;
+ fp->w = w;
fp->mask = mask;
object_property_add(OBJECT(cpu), prop_name, "bool",
x86_cpu_get_bit_prop,
@@ -3787,7 +3790,7 @@ static void x86_cpu_register_feature_bit_props(X86CPU *cpu,
/* aliases don't use "|" delimiters anymore, they are registered
* manually using object_property_add_alias() */
assert(!strchr(name, '|'));
- x86_cpu_register_bit_prop(cpu, name, &cpu->env.features[w], bitnr);
+ x86_cpu_register_bit_prop(cpu, name, w, bitnr);
}
static GuestPanicInformation *x86_cpu_get_crash_info(CPUState *cs)

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@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
From f29ffe6356b02ac5af7089e63b11ce22fd3313ed Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Eduardo Habkost <ehabkost@redhat.com>
Date: Mon, 27 Mar 2017 11:48:15 -0300
Subject: [PATCH] i386: Don't override -cpu options on -cpu host/max
The existing code for "host" and "max" CPU models overrides every
single feature in the CPU object at realize time, even the ones
that were explicitly enabled or disabled by the user using
"feat=on" or "feat=off", while features set using +feat/-feat are
kept.
This means "-cpu host,+invtsc" works as expected, while
"-cpu host,invtsc=on" doesn't.
This was a known bug, already documented in a comment inside
x86_cpu_expand_features(). What makes this bug worse now is that
libvirt 3.0.0 and newer now use "feat=on|off" instead of
+feat/-feat when it detects a QEMU version that supports it (see
libvirt commit d47db7b16dd5422c7e487c8c8ee5b181a2f9cd66).
Change the feature property getter/setter to set a
env->user_features field, to keep track of features that were
explicitly changed using QOM properties. Then make the
max_features code not override user features when handling "-cpu
host" and "-cpu max".
This will also allow us to remove the plus_features/minus_features
hack in the future, but I plan to do that after 2.9.0 is
released.
Reported-by: Jiri Denemark <jdenemar@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Eduardo Habkost <ehabkost@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20170327144815.8043-3-ehabkost@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Igor Mammedov <imammedo@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Jiri Denemark <jdenemar@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Eduardo Habkost <ehabkost@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Bruce Rogers <brogers@suse.com>
---
target/i386/cpu.c | 13 +++++++++----
target/i386/cpu.h | 2 ++
2 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
diff --git a/target/i386/cpu.c b/target/i386/cpu.c
index feefa5b..13c0985 100644
--- a/target/i386/cpu.c
+++ b/target/i386/cpu.c
@@ -3373,15 +3373,19 @@ static void x86_cpu_expand_features(X86CPU *cpu, Error **errp)
GList *l;
Error *local_err = NULL;
- /*TODO: cpu->max_features incorrectly overwrites features
- * set using "feat=on|off". Once we fix this, we can convert
+ /*TODO: Now cpu->max_features doesn't overwrite features
+ * set using QOM properties, and we can convert
* plus_features & minus_features to global properties
* inside x86_cpu_parse_featurestr() too.
*/
if (cpu->max_features) {
for (w = 0; w < FEATURE_WORDS; w++) {
- env->features[w] =
- x86_cpu_get_supported_feature_word(w, cpu->migratable);
+ /* Override only features that weren't set explicitly
+ * by the user.
+ */
+ env->features[w] |=
+ x86_cpu_get_supported_feature_word(w, cpu->migratable) &
+ ~env->user_features[w];
}
}
@@ -3731,6 +3735,7 @@ static void x86_cpu_set_bit_prop(Object *obj, Visitor *v, const char *name,
} else {
cpu->env.features[fp->w] &= ~fp->mask;
}
+ cpu->env.user_features[fp->w] |= fp->mask;
}
static void x86_cpu_release_bit_prop(Object *obj, const char *name,
diff --git a/target/i386/cpu.h b/target/i386/cpu.h
index 64545b2..81c02c5 100644
--- a/target/i386/cpu.h
+++ b/target/i386/cpu.h
@@ -1147,6 +1147,8 @@ typedef struct CPUX86State {
uint32_t cpuid_vendor3;
uint32_t cpuid_version;
FeatureWordArray features;
+ /* Features that were explicitly enabled/disabled */
+ FeatureWordArray user_features;
uint32_t cpuid_model[12];
/* MTRRs */

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@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Thu Mar 30 22:46:47 UTC 2017 - brogers@suse.com
- Patch queue updated from git://github.com/openSUSE/qemu.git opensuse-2.9
* Patches added:
0048-i386-Replace-uint32_t-with-FeatureW.patch
0049-i386-Don-t-override-cpu-options-on-.patch
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Tue Mar 28 22:12:56 UTC 2017 - brogers@suse.com

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@ -73,6 +73,8 @@ Patch0044: 0044-test-string-input-visitor-Add-uint6.patch
Patch0045: 0045-tests-Add-QOM-property-unit-tests.patch
Patch0046: 0046-tests-Add-scsi-disk-test.patch
Patch0047: 0047-hw-intc-arm_gicv3_kvm-Check-KVM_DEV.patch
Patch0048: 0048-i386-Replace-uint32_t-with-FeatureW.patch
Patch0049: 0049-i386-Don-t-override-cpu-options-on-.patch
# Please do not add QEMU patches manually here.
# Run update_git.sh to regenerate this queue.
Source400: update_git.sh
@ -174,6 +176,8 @@ run cross-architecture builds.
%patch0045 -p1
%patch0046 -p1
%patch0047 -p1
%patch0048 -p1
%patch0049 -p1
%build
./configure --prefix=%_prefix --sysconfdir=%_sysconfdir \

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@ -1,3 +1,16 @@
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Thu Mar 30 22:46:43 UTC 2017 - brogers@suse.com
- The support documents included are now fairly accurate for the
arm and s390 world, and the x86 version also received a few
tweaks. Also included in those docs is a url reference to upstream
qemu deprecation plans and discussions.
- Add post v2.9.0-rc2 upstream patches which fix -cpu host and -cpu
max feature overrides for libvirt compatability.
0048-i386-Replace-uint32_t-with-FeatureW.patch
0049-i386-Don-t-override-cpu-options-on-.patch
- Patch queue updated from git://github.com/openSUSE/qemu.git opensuse-2.9
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Tue Mar 28 22:12:52 UTC 2017 - brogers@suse.com

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@ -159,6 +159,8 @@ Patch0044: 0044-test-string-input-visitor-Add-uint6.patch
Patch0045: 0045-tests-Add-QOM-property-unit-tests.patch
Patch0046: 0046-tests-Add-scsi-disk-test.patch
Patch0047: 0047-hw-intc-arm_gicv3_kvm-Check-KVM_DEV.patch
Patch0048: 0048-i386-Replace-uint32_t-with-FeatureW.patch
Patch0049: 0049-i386-Don-t-override-cpu-options-on-.patch
# Please do not add QEMU patches manually here.
# Run update_git.sh to regenerate this queue.
@ -801,6 +803,8 @@ This package provides a service file for starting and stopping KSM.
%patch0045 -p1
%patch0046 -p1
%patch0047 -p1
%patch0048 -p1
%patch0049 -p1
%if %{build_x86_fw_from_source}
pushd roms/ipxe

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@ -1,3 +1,16 @@
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Thu Mar 30 22:46:43 UTC 2017 - brogers@suse.com
- The support documents included are now fairly accurate for the
arm and s390 world, and the x86 version also received a few
tweaks. Also included in those docs is a url reference to upstream
qemu deprecation plans and discussions.
- Add post v2.9.0-rc2 upstream patches which fix -cpu host and -cpu
max feature overrides for libvirt compatability.
0048-i386-Replace-uint32_t-with-FeatureW.patch
0049-i386-Don-t-override-cpu-options-on-.patch
- Patch queue updated from git://github.com/openSUSE/qemu.git opensuse-2.9
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Tue Mar 28 22:12:52 UTC 2017 - brogers@suse.com

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@ -159,6 +159,8 @@ Patch0044: 0044-test-string-input-visitor-Add-uint6.patch
Patch0045: 0045-tests-Add-QOM-property-unit-tests.patch
Patch0046: 0046-tests-Add-scsi-disk-test.patch
Patch0047: 0047-hw-intc-arm_gicv3_kvm-Check-KVM_DEV.patch
Patch0048: 0048-i386-Replace-uint32_t-with-FeatureW.patch
Patch0049: 0049-i386-Don-t-override-cpu-options-on-.patch
# Please do not add QEMU patches manually here.
# Run update_git.sh to regenerate this queue.
@ -801,6 +803,8 @@ This package provides a service file for starting and stopping KSM.
%patch0045 -p1
%patch0046 -p1
%patch0047 -p1
%patch0048 -p1
%patch0049 -p1
%if %{build_x86_fw_from_source}
pushd roms/ipxe

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@ -35,7 +35,6 @@ Overview
documented elsewhere. This document focuses on the features and direct usage
of QEMU/KVM as provided by the QEMU based packages.
Major QEMU/KVM Supported Features
---------------------------------
@ -141,10 +140,15 @@ Noteworthy QEMU/KVM Unsupported Features
- GlusterFS integration is not enabled.
Deprecated, Superseded, Modified and Dropped Features
-----------------------------------------------------
- http://wiki.qemu-project.org/Features/LegacyRemoval
This website tracks feature deprecation and removal at the upstream
development level. Our qemu package inherits this community direction, but be
aware that we can and will deviate as needed. Those deviations and additional
information can be found in this section.
- The use of "?" as a parameter to "-cpu", "-soundhw", "-device", "-M",
"-machine", "-d", and "-clock" is now considered deprecated. Use "help"
instead.
@ -173,7 +177,7 @@ Deprecated, Superseded, Modified and Dropped Features
- These previously supported command line options are no longer recognized:
-device pc-sysfw (no longer needed)
- Specifying a CPUID feature with both "+feature/-feature" and "feature=on/off"
- Specifying a cpu feature with both "+feature/-feature" and "feature=on/off"
will now cause a warning. The current behavior for this combination where
"+feature/-feature" wins over "feature=on/off", will be changed going forward
so that "+feature" and "-feature" will be synonyms for "feature=on" and
@ -219,36 +223,30 @@ QEMU Command-Line and Monitor Syntax and Support
-d ...
-daemonize
-debugcon ...
-device [isa-serial|isa-parallel|isa-fdc|ide-drive|ide-hd|ide-cd|
VGA|cirrus-vga|rtl8139|virtio-net-pci|virtio-blk-pci|
virtio-balloon-pci|virtio-9p-pci|usb-hub|usb-ehci|usb-tablet|
usb-storage|usb-mouse|usb-kbd|virtserialport|virtconsole|
virtio-serial-pci|sga|i82559er|virtio-scsi-pci|scsi-cd|scsi-hd|
scsi-generic|scsi-disk|scsi-block|pci-serial|pci-serial-2x|
pci-serial-4x|ich9-ahci|piix-usb-uhci|usb-host|usb-serial|
usb-wacom-tablet|usb_braille|usb-net|pci-ohci|piix4-usb-uhci|
virtio-rng-pci|i6300esb|ib700|qxl|qxl-vga|pvpanic|vfio-pci|ivshmem|
ivshmem-doorbell|ivshmem-plain|pci-bridge|megasas-gen2|pc-dimm|
floppy|e1000e|ccid-card-emulated|ccid-card-passthrough|xen-backend|
loader]
-device [VGA|rtl8139|virtio-net-pci|virtio-blk-pci|virtio-balloon-pci|
virtio-9p-pci|usb-hub|usb-ehci|usb-tablet|usb-storage|usb-mouse|
usb-kbd|virtserialport|virtconsole|virtio-serial-pci|i82559er|
virtio-scsi-pci|scsi-cd|scsi-hd|scsi-generic|scsi-disk|scsi-block|
pci-serial|pci-serial-2x|pci-serial-4x|ich9-ahci|usb-host|usb-serial|
usb-wacom-tablet|usb-braille|usb-net|pci-ohci|virtio-rng-pci|i6300esb|
qxl|qxl-vga|pvpanic|vfio-pci|ivshmem|ivshmem-doorbell|ivshmem-plain|
pci-bridge|megasas-gen2|e1000e|e1000]
(the following are aliases of these supported devices: ahci|
virtio-blk|virtio-net|virtio-serial|virtio-balloon| virtio-9p|
virtio-scsi|virtio-rng|e1000)
virtio-scsi|virtio-rng|e1000-82540em)
-dfilter range, ...
-display ...
-drive ... (if specified if=[floppy|ide|virtio] and format=[qcow2|qed|raw] and
-drive ... (if specified if=[virtio] and format=[qcow2|qed|raw] and
snapshot=off only)
-echr ...
-enable-fips
-enable-kvm
-fda/-fdb ...
-fsdev ...
-full-screen
-fw_cfg ...
-gdb ...
-global ...
-h
-hda/-hdb/-hdc/-hdd ...
-help
-incoming ...
-initrd ...
@ -271,7 +269,6 @@ QEMU Command-Line and Monitor Syntax and Support
-no-acpi
-nodefaults
-nodefconfig
-no-fd-bootchk
-no-frame
-nographic
-no-hpet
@ -297,22 +294,19 @@ QEMU Command-Line and Monitor Syntax and Support
-smbios ...
-smp ...
-spice
-tdf
-tpmdev passthrough ...
-trace ...
-usb
-usbdevice [braile|disk|host|mouse|net|serial|tablet]
-uuid ..
-version
-vga [cirrus|none|qxl|std|xenfb]
-vga [none|qxl|std|virtio]
-virtfs ...
-virtioconsole ...
-vnc ...
-watchdog ...
-watchdog-action ...
-writeconfig ...
-xen-attach ...
-xen-domid ...
- The following monitor commands are supported:
?
@ -515,9 +509,6 @@ QEMU Command-Line and Monitor Syntax and Support
trace-event-get-state
trace-event-set-state
transaction
xen-load-devices-state
xen-save-devices-state
xen-set-global-dirty-log
- The following command line options are unsupported:
-acpitable ...
@ -525,43 +516,88 @@ QEMU Command-Line and Monitor Syntax and Support
-chroot ...
-cpu ... (all except host)
-curses
-device [ipoctal232|i82562|nec-usb-xhci|hda-duplex|hda-output|usb-bot|
lsi53c810a|ich9-usb-uhci2|ich9-usb-uhci6|ich9-usb-uhci5|
ich9-usb-uhci3|isa-debug-exit|ne2k_pci|usb-uas|ich9-usb-uhci4|ioh3420|
isa-ide|usb-ccid|ich9-usb-ehci2|pcnet|ich9-intel-hda|dc390|
ich9-usb-ehci1|hda-micro|x3130-upstream|isa-cirrus-vga|ich9-usb-uhci1|
pc-testdev|ne2k_isa|isa-vga|cs4231a|gus|vmware-svga|i82801b11-bridge|
i82557a|i82557c|i82557b|i82801|AC97|am53c974|intel-hda|i82558a|
i82558b|usb-audio|i82550|isa-debugcon|sb16|megasas|i82551|
xio3130-downstream|vt82c686b-usb-uhci|tpci200|i82559a|i82559b|i82559c|
isa-applesmc|usb-bt-dongle|adlib|ES1370|lsi53c810|nvme|pci-testdev|
pvscsi|vhost-scsi|vhost-scsi-pci|virtio-9p-device|
virtio-balloon-device|virtio-blk-device|virtio-net-device|
virtio-rng-device|virtio-scsi-device|virtio-serial-device|vmxnet3|
xen-pci-passthrough|xen-platform|xen-pvdevice|piix3-ide|piix3-ide-xen|
piix3-ide|i8042|sdhci-pci|generic-sdhci|secondary-vga|edu|fw_cfg_io|
fw_cfg_mem|intel_iommu|usb-mtp|e1000-82540em|e1000-82544gc|
e1000-82545em|virtio-input-host-pci|virtio-keyboard-pci|
virtio-mouse-pci|virtio-tablet-pci|virtio-gpu-pci|pci-bridge-seat|pxb|
pxb-pcie|allwinner-ahci|sdhci-pci|rocker|virtio-input-host-device|
virtio-keyboard-device|virtio-mouse-device|virtio-tablet-device|
virtio-vga|hyperv-testdev|vfio-amd-xgbe|vfio-calxeda-xgmac|
generic-sdhci|igd-passthrough-isa-bridge|ipmi-bmc-extern|
ipmi-bmc-sim|isa-ipmi-bt|isa-ipmi-kcs|mptsas1068|nvdimm|pxb-host|
sd-card|virtio-gpu-device|kvm-pci-assign|xen-sysdev|or-irq|amd-iommu|
AMDVI-PCI|vhost-vsock-device|vhost-vsock-pci|virtio-crypto-device|
virtio-crypto-pci|qemu,register|vfio-pci-igd-lpc-bridge|*-i386-cpu|
*-x86_64-cpu]
-device [160s33b|320s33b|640s33b|a15mpcore_priv|a9mpcore_priv|a9-scu|adlib|
ads7846|allwinner-a10|allwinner-a10-pic|allwinner-A10-timer|
allwinner-emac|amd-iommu|AMDVI-PCI|arm1026-arm-cpu|arm1136-arm-cpu|
arm1136-r2-arm-cpu|arm1176-arm-cpu|arm11mpcore-arm-cpu|
arm11mpcore_priv|arm11-scu|arm926-arm-cpu|arm946-arm-cpu|
ARMbitband-memory|arm.cortex-a9-global-timer|arm_gic|arm-gicv2m|
arm_mptimer|armv7m_nvic|aspeed.timer|aspeed.vic|ast2400|
at25128a-nonjedec|at25256a-nonjedec|at25df041a|at25df321a|at25df641|
at25fs010|at25fs040|at26df081a|at26df161a|at26df321|at26f004|
at45db081d|bcm2835-aux|bcm2835-dma|bcm2835-fb|bcm2835-ic|bcm2835-mbox|
bcm2835-peripherals|bcm2835-property|bcm2836|bcm2836-control|
cadence_gem|cadence_ttc|cadence_uart|ccid-card-emulated|
ccid-card-passthrough|cfi.pflash01|cfi.pflash02|cirrus-vga|corgi-ssp|
cortex-a15-arm-cpu|cortex-a53-arm-cpu|cortex-a57-arm-cpu|
cortex-a8-arm-cpu|cortex-a9-arm-cpu|cortex-m3-arm-cpu|
cortex-m4-arm-cpu|cortex-r5-arm-cpu|cs4231a|digic|digic-timer|
digic-uart|ds1338|dscm1xxxx|e1000|en25f32|en25p32|en25p64|en25q32b|
en25q64|esp|exynos4210.combiner|exynos4210-ehci-usb|exynos4210.fimd|
exynos4210.gic|exynos4210.i2c|exynos4210.irq_gate|exynos4210.mct|
exynos4210.pmu|exynos4210.pwm|exynos4210.rtc|exynos4210.uart|floppy|
fslimx25|fslimx31|fusbh200-ehci-usb|fw_cfg|gd25q32|gd25q64|
generic-sdhci|gpex-pcihost|gpex-root|gpio_i2c|gpio-key|gus|
hyperv-testdev|highbank-regs|host-arm-cpu|*-i386-cpu|i8042|
ib700|icp-ctrl-regs|igd-passthrough-isa-bridge|imx25.ccm|imx31.ccm|
imx6.ccm|imx.avic|imx.epit|imx.fec|imx.gpio|imx.gpt|imx.i2c|
imx.serial|integrator_core|integrator_debug|integrator_pic|
integrator_pit|intel_iommu|ipmi-bmc-extern|ipmi-bmc-sim|isa-applesmc|
isa-cirrus-vga|isa-debugcon|isa-debug-exit|isa-fdc|isa-ide|
isa-ipmi-bt|isa-ipmi-kcs|isa-parallel|isa-vga|isabus-bridge|
kvm-arm-gic|kvm-arm-gicv3|kvm-pci-assign|l2x0|lan9118|lm8323|loader|
lsi53c810a|lsi53c895a|m25p05|m25p10|m25p128|m25p16|m25p20|m25p32|
m25p40|m25p64|m25p80|m25pe16|m25pe20|m25pe80|m25px32|m25px32-s0|
m25px32-s1|m25px64|m45pe10|m45pe16|m45pe80|mainstone-fpga|max1110|
max1111|max7310|musicpal_gpio|musicpal_key|musicpal_lcd|
musicpal-misc|mv88w8618_audio|mv88w8618_eth|mv88w8618_flashcfg|
mv88w8618_pic|mv88w8618_pit|mv88w8618_wlan|mx25l12805d|mx25l12855e|
mx25l1606e|mx25l2005a|mx25l25635e|mx25l25655e|mx25l3205d|mx25l4005a|
mx25l6405d|mx25l8005|n25q032|n25q032a11|n25q032a13|n25q064|n25q064a11|
n25q064a13|n25q128|n25q128a11|n25q128a13|n25q256a|n25q256a11|
n25q256a13|n25q512a|nand|ne2k_isa|nvdimm|omap2-gpio|omap2-intc|
omap-gpio|omap_i2c|omap-intc|onenand|or-irq|pc-dimm|pc-testdev|
piix3-ide|piix3-ide|piix3-ide-xen|piix3-usb-uhci|pl011|pl011_luminary|
pl022|pl031|pl041|pl050_keyboard|pl050_mouse|pl061|pl061_luminary|
pl080|pl081|pl110|pl110_versatile|pl111|pl181|pl190|pl330|
platform-bus-device|pxa250-arm-cpu|pxa255-arm-cpu|pxa25x-timer|
pxa260-arm-cpu|pxa261-arm-cpu|pxa262-arm-cpu|pxa270-a0-arm-cpu|
pxa270-a1-arm-cpu|pxa270-arm-cpu|pxa270-b0-arm-cpu|pxa270-b1-arm-cpu|
pxa270-c0-arm-cpu|pxa270-c5-arm-cpu|pxa27x-timer|pxa2xx-dma|
pxa2xx-fir|pxa2xx-gpio|pxa2xx_i2c|pxa2xx-i2c-slave|pxa2xx-mmci|
pxa2xx-pcmcia|pxa2xx_pic|pxa2xx_rtc|pxa2xx-ssp|qemu,register|
realview_gic|realview_mpcore|realview_pci|realview_sysctl|s25fl016k|
s25fl064k|s25fl129p0|s25fl129p1|s25fl256s0|s25fl256s1|s25fl512s|
s25sl004a|s25sl008a|s25sl016a|s25sl032a|s25sl032p|s25sl064a|s25sl064p|
s25sl12800|s25sl12801|s70fl01gs|sa1100-arm-cpu|sa1110-arm-cpu|sb16|
scoop|sdhci-pci|sga|sl-nand|smbus-eeprom|smc91c111|sp804|
spitz-keyboard|spitz-lcdtg|ssd0303|ssd0323|ssi-sd|sst25vf016b|
sst25vf032b|sst25vf040b|sst25vf080b|sst25wf010|sst25wf020|sst25wf040|
sst25wf080|sst25wf512|stellaris-adc|stellaris_enet|stellaris-gptm|
stellaris-i2c|stm32f205-soc|stm32f2xx-syscfg|stm32f2xx-timer|
stm32f2xx-usart|strongarm-gpio|strongarm_pic|strongarm-ppc|
strongarm-rtc|strongarm-ssp|strongarm-uart|sysbus-ahci|sysbus-ohci|
tegra2-ehci-usb|ti925t-arm-cpu|tmp105|tosa_dac|tosa-ssp|tusb6010|
twl92230|usb-redir|versatile_i2c|versatilepb_sic|versatile_pci|
versatile_pci_host|vfio-pci-igd-lpc-bridge|vhost-vsock-device|
vhost-vsock-pci|virtconsole|virtio-crypto-device|virtio-crypto-pci|
virtio-mmio|virtio-vga|vmware-svga|w25q256|w25q32|w25q32dw|w25q64|
w25q80|w25q80bl|w25x10|w25x16|w25x20|w25x32|w25x40|w25x64|w25x80|
wm8750|*-x86_64-cpu|xen-backend|xen-pci-passthrough|xen-platform|
xen-pvdevice|xen-sysdev|xgmac|xilinxzynq_slcr|xlnx.ps7-qspi|
xlnx.ps7-spi|xlnxps7-usb|xlnxzynqmp|xlnxzynq-xadc]
(the following are aliases of these unsupported devices: lsi|
virtio-input-host|virtio-keyboard|virtio-mouse|virtio-tablet|
virtio-gpu|pci-assign)
virtio-gpu|pci-assign|piix-usb-uhci)
(note that some of these device names represent supported devices and
are used internally, but are not specifyable via -device even though
they appear in the list of devices)
-drive ,if=[scsi|mtd|pflash], snapshot=on, format=[anything besides qcow2, qed
or raw]
-dtb file
-fda/-fdb ...
-g ...
-hda/-hdb/-hdc/-hdd ...
-icount ...
-L ...
-M [akita|borzoi|canon-a1100|cheetah|collie|connex|cubieboard|highbank|
@ -579,6 +615,7 @@ QEMU Command-Line and Monitor Syntax and Support
-mtdblock file
-net [dump|socket|vde] ...
-netdev [dump|hubport|l2tpv3|socket|vde] ...
-no-fd-bootchk
-no-kvm
-no-kvm-irqchip
-no-kvm-pit
@ -597,9 +634,12 @@ QEMU Command-Line and Monitor Syntax and Support
-snapshot
-soundhw ...
-tb-size ...
-vga [cg3|tcx|virtio|vmware]
-tdf
-vga [cg3|tcx|virtio|cirrus|xenfb]
-win2k-hack
-xen-attach ...
-xen-create
-xen-domid ...
- The following monitor commands are unsupported:
acl_add ...
@ -653,3 +693,6 @@ QEMU Command-Line and Monitor Syntax and Support
x-blockdev-insert-medium
x-blockdev-remove-medium
x-colo-lost-heartbeat
xen-load-devices-state
xen-save-devices-state
xen-set-global-dirty-log

View File

@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ Overview
documented elsewhere. This document focuses on the features and direct usage
of QEMU/KVM as provided by the QEMU based packages.
Major QEMU/KVM Supported Features
---------------------------------
@ -142,10 +141,15 @@ Noteworthy QEMU/KVM Unsupported Features
- GlusterFS integration is not enabled.
Deprecated, Superseded, Modified and Dropped Features
-----------------------------------------------------
- http://wiki.qemu-project.org/Features/LegacyRemoval
This website tracks feature deprecation and removal at the upstream
development level. Our qemu package inherits this community direction, but be
aware that we can and will deviate as needed. Those deviations and additional
information can be found in this section.
- The use of "?" as a parameter to "-cpu", "-soundhw", "-device", "-M",
"-machine", "-d", and "-clock" is now considered deprecated. Use "help"
instead.
@ -174,7 +178,7 @@ Deprecated, Superseded, Modified and Dropped Features
- These previously supported command line options are no longer recognized:
-device pc-sysfw (no longer needed)
- Specifying a CPUID feature with both "+feature/-feature" and "feature=on/off"
- Specifying a cpu feature with both "+feature/-feature" and "feature=on/off"
will now cause a warning. The current behavior for this combination where
"+feature/-feature" wins over "feature=on/off", will be changed going forward
so that "+feature" and "-feature" will be synonyms for "feature=on" and
@ -220,36 +224,25 @@ QEMU Command-Line and Monitor Syntax and Support
-d ...
-daemonize
-debugcon ...
-device [isa-serial|isa-parallel|isa-fdc|ide-drive|ide-hd|ide-cd|
VGA|cirrus-vga|rtl8139|virtio-net-pci|virtio-blk-pci|
virtio-balloon-pci|virtio-9p-pci|usb-hub|usb-ehci|usb-tablet|
usb-storage|usb-mouse|usb-kbd|virtserialport|virtconsole|
virtio-serial-pci|sga|i82559er|virtio-scsi-pci|scsi-cd|scsi-hd|
scsi-generic|scsi-disk|scsi-block|pci-serial|pci-serial-2x|
pci-serial-4x|ich9-ahci|piix-usb-uhci|usb-host|usb-serial|
usb-wacom-tablet|usb_braille|usb-net|pci-ohci|piix4-usb-uhci|
virtio-rng-pci|i6300esb|ib700|qxl|qxl-vga|pvpanic|vfio-pci|ivshmem|
ivshmem-doorbell|ivshmem-plain|pci-bridge|megasas-gen2|pc-dimm|
floppy|e1000e|ccid-card-emulated|ccid-card-passthrough|xen-backend|
loader]
(the following are aliases of these supported devices: ahci|
virtio-blk|virtio-net|virtio-serial|virtio-balloon| virtio-9p|
virtio-scsi|virtio-rng|e1000)
-device [virtio-net-pci|virtio-blk-pci|virtio-balloon-pci|virtserialport|
virtconsole|virtio-serial-pci|virtio-scsi-pci|scsi-cd|scsi-hd|
scsi-generic|scsi-disk|scsi-block|virtio-rng-pci|pci-bridge|
megasas-gen2|e1000e|e1000]
(the following are aliases of these supported devices: virtio-blk|
virtio-net|virtio-serial|virtio-balloon|virtio-scsi|virtio-rng)
-dfilter range, ...
-display ...
-drive ... (if specified if=[floppy|ide|virtio] and format=[qcow2|qed|raw] and
-drive ... (if specified if=[virtio] and format=[qcow2|qed|raw] and
snapshot=off only)
-echr ...
-enable-fips
-enable-kvm
-fda/-fdb ...
-fsdev ...
-full-screen
-fw_cfg ...
-gdb ...
-global ...
-h
-hda/-hdb/-hdc/-hdd ...
-help
-incoming ...
-initrd ...
@ -272,7 +265,6 @@ QEMU Command-Line and Monitor Syntax and Support
-no-acpi
-nodefaults
-nodefconfig
-no-fd-bootchk
-no-frame
-nographic
-no-hpet
@ -295,25 +287,18 @@ QEMU Command-Line and Monitor Syntax and Support
-sdl
-serial ...
-show-cursor
-smbios ...
-smp ...
-spice
-tdf
-tpmdev passthrough ...
-trace ...
-usb
-usbdevice [braile|disk|host|mouse|net|serial|tablet]
-uuid ..
-version
-vga [cirrus|none|qxl|std|xenfb]
-vga [none|qxl|std]
-virtfs ...
-virtioconsole ...
-vnc ...
-watchdog ...
-watchdog-action ...
-writeconfig ...
-xen-attach ...
-xen-domid ...
- The following monitor commands are supported:
?
@ -384,8 +369,6 @@ QEMU Command-Line and Monitor Syntax and Support
system_reset
system_wakeup
trace-event ...
usb_add ...
usb_del ...
watchdog_action ...
x ...
xp ...
@ -493,9 +476,6 @@ QEMU Command-Line and Monitor Syntax and Support
query-spice
query-status
query-target
query-tpm
query-tpm-models
query-tpm-types
query-uuid
query-version
query-vnc
@ -516,9 +496,6 @@ QEMU Command-Line and Monitor Syntax and Support
trace-event-get-state
trace-event-set-state
transaction
xen-load-devices-state
xen-save-devices-state
xen-set-global-dirty-log
- The following command line options are unsupported:
-acpitable ...
@ -526,43 +503,63 @@ QEMU Command-Line and Monitor Syntax and Support
-chroot ...
-cpu ... (all except host)
-curses
-device [ipoctal232|i82562|nec-usb-xhci|hda-duplex|hda-output|usb-bot|
lsi53c810a|ich9-usb-uhci2|ich9-usb-uhci6|ich9-usb-uhci5|
ich9-usb-uhci3|isa-debug-exit|ne2k_pci|usb-uas|ich9-usb-uhci4|ioh3420|
isa-ide|usb-ccid|ich9-usb-ehci2|pcnet|ich9-intel-hda|dc390|
ich9-usb-ehci1|hda-micro|x3130-upstream|isa-cirrus-vga|ich9-usb-uhci1|
pc-testdev|ne2k_isa|isa-vga|cs4231a|gus|vmware-svga|i82801b11-bridge|
i82557a|i82557c|i82557b|i82801|AC97|am53c974|intel-hda|i82558a|
i82558b|usb-audio|i82550|isa-debugcon|sb16|megasas|i82551|
xio3130-downstream|vt82c686b-usb-uhci|tpci200|i82559a|i82559b|i82559c|
isa-applesmc|usb-bt-dongle|adlib|ES1370|lsi53c810|nvme|pci-testdev|
pvscsi|vhost-scsi|vhost-scsi-pci|virtio-9p-device|
virtio-balloon-device|virtio-blk-device|virtio-net-device|
virtio-rng-device|virtio-scsi-device|virtio-serial-device|vmxnet3|
xen-pci-passthrough|xen-platform|xen-pvdevice|piix3-ide|piix3-ide-xen|
piix3-ide|i8042|sdhci-pci|generic-sdhci|secondary-vga|edu|fw_cfg_io|
fw_cfg_mem|intel_iommu|usb-mtp|e1000-82540em|e1000-82544gc|
e1000-82545em|virtio-input-host-pci|virtio-keyboard-pci|
virtio-mouse-pci|virtio-tablet-pci|virtio-gpu-pci|pci-bridge-seat|pxb|
pxb-pcie|allwinner-ahci|sdhci-pci|rocker|virtio-input-host-device|
virtio-keyboard-device|virtio-mouse-device|virtio-tablet-device|
virtio-vga|hyperv-testdev|vfio-amd-xgbe|vfio-calxeda-xgmac|
generic-sdhci|igd-passthrough-isa-bridge|ipmi-bmc-extern|
ipmi-bmc-sim|isa-ipmi-bt|isa-ipmi-kcs|mptsas1068|nvdimm|pxb-host|
sd-card|virtio-gpu-device|kvm-pci-assign|xen-sysdev|or-irq|amd-iommu|
AMDVI-PCI|vhost-vsock-device|vhost-vsock-pci|virtio-crypto-device|
virtio-crypto-pci|qemu,register|vfio-pci-igd-lpc-bridge|*-i386-cpu|
*-x86_64-cpu]
-device [AC97|adlib|allwinner-ahci|am53c974|amd-iommu|AMDVI-PCI|
ccid-card-emulated|ccid-card-passthrough|cirrus-vga|cs4231a|dc390|
diag288|e1000-82544gc|e1000-82545em|edu|ES1370|floppy|generic-sdhci|
generic-sdhci|gus|hda-duplex|hda-micro|hda-output|hyperv-testdev|
*-i386-cpu|i8042|i82550|i82551|i82557a|i82557b|i82557c|i82558a|
i82558b|i82559a|i82559b|i82559c|i82562|i82801|i82801b11-bridge|ib700|
ich9-intel-hda|ich9-usb-ehci1|ich9-usb-ehci2|ich9-usb-uhci1|
ich9-usb-uhci2|ich9-usb-uhci3|ich9-usb-uhci4|ich9-usb-uhci5|
ich9-usb-uhci6|ide-cd|ide-drive|ide-hd|igd-passthrough-isa-bridge|
intel-hda|intel_iommu|ioh3420|ipmi-bmc-extern|ipmi-bmc-sim|ipoctal232|
isa-applesmc|isa-cirrus-vga|isa-debugcon|isa-debug-exit|isa-fdc|
isa-ide|isa-ipmi-bt|isa-ipmi-kcs|isa-parallel|isa-serial|isa-vga|
kvm-pci-assign|lsi53c810|lsi53c810a|megasas|mptsas1068|ne2k_isa|
ne2k_pci|nec-usb-xhci|nvdimm|nvme|pc-dimm|pci-testdev|pcnet|
pc-testdev|piix3-ide|piix3-ide|piix3-ide-xen|piix4-usb-uhci|pvscsi|
pxb|pxb-host|pxb-pcie|qemu,register|qemuregister|qemu-s390-cpu|rocker|
s390-flic|s390-flic-qemu|s390-ipl|s390-pcihost|
s390-sclp-event-facility|s390-skeys-qemu|sb16|sclp|sclpconsole|
sclp-cpu-hotplug|sclplmconsole|sclp-memory-hotplug-dev|sclpquiesce|
sd-card|sdhci-pci|sdhci-pci|secondary-vga|sga|smbus-eeprom|tpci200|
unimplemented-device|usb-audio|usb-bot|usb-bt-dongle|usb-ccid|usb-mtp|
usb-uas|vfio-amd-xgbe|vfio-calxeda-xgmac|vfio-pci|vhost-scsi-ccw|
vhost-vsock-ccw|virtio-9p-device|virtio-balloon-ccw|virtio-blk-ccw|
virtio-crypto-ccw|virtio-mmio|virtio-net-ccw|virtio-rng-ccw|
virtio-scsi-ccw|virtio-serial-ccw|virtio-vga|virtual-css-bridge|
vmware-svga|vmxnet3|vt82c686b-usb-uhci|x3130-upstream|*-x86_64-cpu|
xen-backend|xen-pci-passthrough|xen-platform|xen-pvdevice|xen-sysdev|
xio3130-downstream|z10BC.2-base-s390-cpu|z10BC.2-s390-cpu|
z10BC-base-s390-cpu|z10BC-s390-cpu|z10EC.2-base-s390-cpu|
z10EC.2-s390-cpu|z10EC.3-base-s390-cpu|z10EC.3-s390-cpu|
z10EC-base-s390-cpu|z10EC-s390-cpu|z114-base-s390-cpu|z114-s390-cpu|
z13.2-base-s390-cpu|z13.2-s390-cpu|z13-base-s390-cpu|z13-s390-cpu|
z13s-base-s390-cpu|z13s-s390-cpu|z196.2-base-s390-cpu|z196.2-s390-cpu|
z196-base-s390-cpu|z196-s390-cpu|z800-base-s390-cpu|z800-s390-cpu|
z890.2-base-s390-cpu|z890.2-s390-cpu|z890.3-base-s390-cpu|
z890.3-s390-cpu|z890-base-s390-cpu|z890-s390-cpu|z900.2-base-s390-cpu|
z900.2-s390-cpu|z900.3-base-s390-cpu|z900.3-s390-cpu|
z900-base-s390-cpu|z900-s390-cpu|z990.2-base-s390-cpu|z990.2-s390-cpu|
z990.3-base-s390-cpu|z990.3-s390-cpu|z990.4-base-s390-cpu|
z990.4-s390-cpu|z990.5-base-s390-cpu|z990.5-s390-cpu|
z990-base-s390-cpu|z990-s390-cpu|z9BC.2-base-s390-cpu|z9BC.2-s390-cpu|
z9BC-base-s390-cpu|z9BC-s390-cpu|z9EC.2-base-s390-cpu|z9EC.2-s390-cpu|
z9EC.3-base-s390-cpu|z9EC.3-s390-cpu|z9EC-base-s390-cpu|z9EC-s390-cpu|
zBC12-base-s390-cpu|zBC12-s390-cpu|zEC12.2-base-s390-cpu|
zEC12.2-s390-cpu|zEC12-base-s390-cpu|zEC12-s390-cpu|zpci]
(the following are aliases of these unsupported devices: lsi|
virtio-input-host|virtio-keyboard|virtio-mouse|virtio-tablet|
virtio-gpu|pci-assign)
virtio-gpu|virtio-9p|pci-assign|ahci|e1000-82540em)
(note that some of these device names represent supported devices and
are used internally, but are not specifyable via -device even though
they appear in the list of devices)
-drive ,if=[scsi|mtd|pflash], snapshot=on, format=[anything besides qcow2, qed
or raw]
-dtb file
-fda/-fdb ...
-g ...
-hda/-hdb/-hdc/-hdd ...
-icount ...
-L ...
-M [s390-ccw-virtio-2.4|s390-ccw-virtio-2.5|s390-ccw-virtio-2.7|
@ -572,6 +569,7 @@ QEMU Command-Line and Monitor Syntax and Support
-mtdblock file
-net [dump|socket|vde] ...
-netdev [dump|hubport|l2tpv3|socket|vde] ...
-no-fd-bootchk
-no-kvm
-no-kvm-irqchip
-no-kvm-pit
@ -587,12 +585,19 @@ QEMU Command-Line and Monitor Syntax and Support
-sd file
-set ...
-singlestep
-smbios ...
-snapshot
-soundhw ...
-tb-size ...
-vga [cg3|tcx|virtio|vmware]
-tdf
-tpmdev passthrough ...
-usb
-usbdevice [braile|disk|host|mouse|net|serial|tablet]
-vga [cg3|tcx|virtio|cirrus|xenfb|vmware]
-win2k-hack
-xen-attach ...
-xen-create
-xen-domid ...
- The following monitor commands are unsupported:
acl_add ...
@ -624,6 +629,8 @@ QEMU Command-Line and Monitor Syntax and Support
singlestep ...
snapshot_blkdev ...
stopcapture ...
usb_add ...
usb_del ...
wavcapture ...
x_colo_lost_heartbeat
@ -642,7 +649,13 @@ QEMU Command-Line and Monitor Syntax and Support
nbd-server-add
nbd-server-start
nbd-server-stop
query-tpm
query-tpm-models
query-tpm-types
x-blockdev-change
x-blockdev-insert-medium
x-blockdev-remove-medium
x-colo-lost-heartbeat
xen-load-devices-state
xen-save-devices-state
xen-set-global-dirty-log

View File

@ -39,7 +39,6 @@ Overview
documented elsewhere. This document focuses on the features and direct usage
of QEMU/KVM as provided by the QEMU based packages.
Major QEMU/KVM Supported Features
---------------------------------
@ -161,10 +160,15 @@ Noteworthy QEMU/KVM Unsupported Features
- GlusterFS integration is not enabled.
Deprecated, Superseded, Modified and Dropped Features
-----------------------------------------------------
- http://wiki.qemu-project.org/Features/LegacyRemoval
This website tracks feature deprecation and removal at the upstream
development level. Our qemu package inherits this community direction, but be
aware that we can and will deviate as needed. Those deviations and additional
information can be found in this section.
- When no video adapter is specified, the default used is stdvga. This differs
from the default of prior releases which was cirrus. The cirrus adapter was
considered too outdated to continue to use as the default.
@ -211,7 +215,7 @@ Deprecated, Superseded, Modified and Dropped Features
- These previously supported command line options are no longer recognized:
-device pc-sysfw (no longer needed)
- Specifying a CPUID feature with both "+feature/-feature" and "feature=on/off"
- Specifying a cpu feature with both "+feature/-feature" and "feature=on/off"
will now cause a warning. The current behavior for this combination where
"+feature/-feature" wins over "feature=on/off", will be changed going forward
so that "+feature" and "-feature" will be synonyms for "feature=on" and
@ -318,14 +322,14 @@ QEMU Command-Line and Monitor Syntax and Support
virtio-serial-pci|sga|i82559er|virtio-scsi-pci|scsi-cd|scsi-hd|
scsi-generic|scsi-disk|scsi-block|pci-serial|pci-serial-2x|
pci-serial-4x|ich9-ahci|piix-usb-uhci|usb-host|usb-serial|
usb-wacom-tablet|usb_braille|usb-net|pci-ohci|piix4-usb-uhci|
usb-wacom-tablet|usb-braille|usb-net|pci-ohci|piix4-usb-uhci|
virtio-rng-pci|i6300esb|ib700|qxl|qxl-vga|pvpanic|vfio-pci|ivshmem|
ivshmem-doorbell|ivshmem-plain|pci-bridge|megasas-gen2|pc-dimm|
floppy|e1000e|ccid-card-emulated|ccid-card-passthrough|xen-backend|
loader]
loader|e1000]
(the following are aliases of these supported devices: ahci|
virtio-blk|virtio-net|virtio-serial|virtio-balloon| virtio-9p|
virtio-scsi|virtio-rng|e1000)
virtio-scsi|virtio-rng|e1000-82540em)
-dfilter range, ...
-display ...
-drive ... (if specified if=[floppy|ide|virtio] and format=[qcow2|qed|raw] and
@ -636,10 +640,10 @@ QEMU Command-Line and Monitor Syntax and Support
virtio-rng-device|virtio-scsi-device|virtio-serial-device|vmxnet3|
xen-pci-passthrough|xen-platform|xen-pvdevice|piix3-ide|piix3-ide-xen|
piix3-ide|i8042|sdhci-pci|generic-sdhci|secondary-vga|edu|fw_cfg_io|
fw_cfg_mem|intel_iommu|usb-mtp|e1000-82540em|e1000-82544gc|
e1000-82545em|virtio-input-host-pci|virtio-keyboard-pci|
virtio-mouse-pci|virtio-tablet-pci|virtio-gpu-pci|pci-bridge-seat|pxb|
pxb-pcie|allwinner-ahci|sdhci-pci|rocker|virtio-input-host-device|
fw_cfg_mem|intel_iommu|usb-mtp|e1000-82544gc|e1000-82545em|
virtio-input-host-pci|virtio-keyboard-pci|virtio-mouse-pci|
virtio-tablet-pci|virtio-gpu-pci|pci-bridge-seat|pxb|pxb-pcie|
allwinner-ahci|sdhci-pci|rocker|virtio-input-host-device|
virtio-keyboard-device|virtio-mouse-device|virtio-tablet-device|
virtio-vga|hyperv-testdev|vfio-amd-xgbe|vfio-calxeda-xgmac|
generic-sdhci|igd-passthrough-isa-bridge|ipmi-bmc-extern|